This thesis deals with different kinds of floods and flood control measures that contribute to the alleviation of human and material losses during flood conditions.This paper outlines the main theoretical concepts on the subject of the flood, the reader is familiar with crisis situations and also with the recommended procedure, How to behave during a flood. The practical part includes a choice of two areas, their detailed characterization, description built flood protection measures and their ability to intercept and divert excessive and prolonged rainfall on agricultural land and urban areas. The work is also a number of tables, figures and photos for a better idea and understanding of the topic. The list of references from which it was drawn is given in the final part.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_v_dr_jabo.pdf: 824781 bytes, checksum: 699e9efd378fb4c601290d43aebe88bb (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A mastite bovina é a principal doença do gado leiteiro em todo o mundo, devido a sua elevada ocorrência, aos prejuízos econômicos que acarreta aos produtores e à perda da qualidade do leite. Dentre os agentes da mastite, o Staphylococcus aureus é o mais frequentemente isolado. Sabe-se que o conhecimento do perfil molecular deste microrganismo é de fundamental importância para uma melhor compreensão dos estudos epidemiológicos de dispersão deste patógeno nas propriedades rurais. Sendo assim, durante o período de janeiro a abril de 2009, 222 vacas lactantes pertencentes a 12 propriedades rurais situadas no Município de Sacramento-MG foram submetidas ao California Mastitis Test (CMT). Foram colhidas amostras de leite dos quartos reagentes ao CMT, assim como do leite produzido em cada propriedade rural e do leite de conjunto das 12 propriedades contido em dois tanques de expansão comunitários. Paralelamente, foram colhidas, também, amostras dos óstios papilares, dos latões, dos baldes, dos coadores, dos insufladores das ordenhadeiras, das mãos dos ordenhadores, da superfície dos tanques de expansão, da tubulação auxiliar no transvase do leite, da água utilizada no processo de produção e da água utilizada para higienização dos tanques comunitários. A partir das 446 amostras colhidas nos diversos pontos, 244 estirpes foram isoladas e caracterizadas bioquimicamente como estafilococos coagulase-positivos. O fragmento de DNA cromossômico específico da espécie de S. aureus foi amplificado em 106 estirpes, das quais 103 foram submetidas à eletroforese em gel de campo pulsado (PFGE). Os pontos de colheita de amostras que apresentaram maior frequência de isolamento de estirpes de Staphylococcus aureus foram os óstios papilares (31,1%), o leite das vacas reagentes ao CMT (21,7%), os insufladores das ordenhadeiras mecânicas (21,7%), o leite dos latões (6,6%)... / Bovine mastitis is a main disease in milk cattle worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated among mastitis agents. The microorganism’s molecular profile is of paramount importance for a better understanding of epidemiologic studies of these pathogens on farms and ranches. Two hundred twenty-two cows on 12 farms in the municipality of Sacramento-MG, Brazil were tested by the California Mastitis Test (CMT) between January and April 2009. Milk samples were collected from four CMT reagents, from the milk produced on each farm and from milk collectively collected from the 12 farms and maintained in two community bulk tanks. At the same time samples of papillary ostia were collected from milk pails, cans, sieves, milking machine insufflators, milkers’ hands, from the water used on the 12 farms and from the two community bulk tanks. Two hundred and forty-four strains among the 446 samples collected from several sites were isolated and biochemically characterized as positive coagulase Staphylococcus. Chromosome DNA fragment, specific to S. aureus, was amplified in 106 strains. Further, when 103 S. aureus strains underwent pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the samples’ collection sites with the highest isolation frequency of S. aureus strains were papillary ostia (31.1%), milk of cows which reacted to CMT (21.7%), the insufflators of milking machines (21.7%), milk in pails (6.6%) and milk in the community bulk tanks (5.6%). Since 32 different pulsotypes were identified, genetic heterogeneity existed among the 106 S. aureus isolated strains. Pulsotype 1 had the highest similarity among the S. aureus isolated strains at the different sites of the milk production flowchart. Since highest isolation frequency of pulsotype 1 of S. aureus strains were papillary ostia (10.6%), milk of cows which reacted to CMT (5.8%), the insufflators of milking machines (3.8%)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The purpose of the study was to evaluate which method for emptying of septic tanks that contributed with the lowest particle content in outgoing water during the period of a year. The methods for emptying in the comparison was mobile dewatering using polymer, complete pump-out and mobile dewatering using mechanic separation. Within the study, wastewater was sampled from septic tanks third compartment, however, only from septic tanks that were dewatered using polymer. Samples were taken one time before emptying followed by five occasions after emptying. The results from those samples were compared to previously existing results from complete pump-out and mobile dewatering using mechanic separation. Due to differences in method for sampling, the comparison in the discussion was limited to; samples taken before emptying and two weeks after emptying from septic tanks that had been completely pumped-out and dewatered using mechanic separation. The samples taken before emptying showed the particle content after using the septic tanks for a year since the previous emptying. Based on those samples there were no significant difference between mobile dewatering using polymer and complete pump-out or between mobile dewatering using polymer and mobile dewatering using mechanic separation. Two weeks after emptying the lowest particle contents were found in septic tanks that had been completely pumped-out followed by the two dewatering methods.

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-13T15:14:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Lediane Leslie Campos Ramos.pdf: 3409711 bytes, checksum: 0b979d9b033509b0f053399204bcbcc1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-11-07T10:27:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Lediane Leslie Campos Ramos.pdf: 3409711 bytes, checksum: 0b979d9b033509b0f053399204bcbcc1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-07T10:27:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Lediane Leslie Campos Ramos.pdf: 3409711 bytes, checksum: 0b979d9b033509b0f053399204bcbcc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Devido a precariedade e a falta de rede pública coletora de esgoto na cidade de Cuiabá é grande a procura por serviços das empresas de limpa fossa, o que torna-se um problema, dado que o lodo gerado pelos sistemas de fossas sépticas comporta concentrações expressivas de nutrientes, matéria orgânica, poluentes inorgânicos e organismos patogênicos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo o diagnostico e avaliação da destinação final do lodo de fossa e de tanque séptico em Cuiabá/MT, e propor medidas de adequação de tratamento. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas junto às empresas prestadoras deste serviço, e levantamentos junto à Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto Tijucal (ETE Tijucal). A estação é composta por tratamento preliminar (caixa de areia, gradeamento e calha Parshall), dois reatores UASB, uma lagoa anaeróbia, seguida por duas lagoas facultativas em paralelo, e uma lagoa de maturação. Sua capacidade atual de tratamento é de 50 L/s, mas recebe uma vazão diária de 56,23 L/s. Levantamentos realizados neste trabalho indica que a vazão recebida diariamente pode ser maior que a apresentada pela Empresa responsável pela administração da ETE. Além da quantificação do volume de lodo lançado diariamente foi realizado a caracterização com determinação dos seguintes parâmetros: pH, Temperatura, Alcalinidade, Sólidos totais, Sólidos voláteis totais, Sólidos fixos, Sólidos sedimentáveis, Óleos e graxas, DBO, DQO, Fósforo total, Nitrogênio Kjeldahl. De acordo com o resultado da caracterização e comparação com estudos realizados nesta linha de pesquisa identificou-se um possível sistema de tratamento para o lodo de fossas e tanques sépticos. / Due to insecurity and lack of public collector sewer in the city of Cuiabá is great demand for the services of clean fossa companies, which becomes a problem, since the sludge generated by septic tank systems entails significant concentrations of nutrients, organic matter, inorganic pollutants and pathogenic organisms. The present study aims at the diagnosis and evaluation of the final destination of the sludge pit and septic tank in Cuiabá / MT, and proposes measures of adequacy of treatment. For this survey interviews were held with the companies providing this service, and with the Tijucal Sewage Treatment Station (ETE Tijucal). The station consists of preliminary treatment (sandbox, railing and Parshall), two UASB, anaerobic pond, facultative pond followed by two in parallel, and a maturation pond. Your current treatment capacity is 50 L / s, but receives a daily flow of 56.23 L / s. Surveys conducted in this paper indicates that the daily flow received may be higher than that presented by the company responsible for the management of ETE. Besides quantifying the volume of sludge released daily characterization was carried out by determining the following parameters: pH, temperature, alkalinity, total Total solids, volatile solids, fixed solids, settleable solids, oils and grease, BOD, COD, Total Phosphorus, Nitrogen Kjeldahl. According to the results of the characterization and comparison with studies conducted in this research identified a possible treatment system for the sludge pits and septic tanks.

Orientador: Antonio Nader Filho / Banca: Luciano Menezes Ferreira / Banca: Luiz Francisco Zafalon / Banca: Oswaldo Durival Rossi Junior / Banca: Angela Cleusa de Fátima Banzatto de Carvalho / Resumo: A mastite bovina é a principal doença do gado leiteiro em todo o mundo, devido a sua elevada ocorrência, aos prejuízos econômicos que acarreta aos produtores e à perda da qualidade do leite. Dentre os agentes da mastite, o Staphylococcus aureus é o mais frequentemente isolado. Sabe-se que o conhecimento do perfil molecular deste microrganismo é de fundamental importância para uma melhor compreensão dos estudos epidemiológicos de dispersão deste patógeno nas propriedades rurais. Sendo assim, durante o período de janeiro a abril de 2009, 222 vacas lactantes pertencentes a 12 propriedades rurais situadas no Município de Sacramento-MG foram submetidas ao California Mastitis Test (CMT). Foram colhidas amostras de leite dos quartos reagentes ao CMT, assim como do leite produzido em cada propriedade rural e do leite de conjunto das 12 propriedades contido em dois tanques de expansão comunitários. Paralelamente, foram colhidas, também, amostras dos óstios papilares, dos latões, dos baldes, dos coadores, dos insufladores das ordenhadeiras, das mãos dos ordenhadores, da superfície dos tanques de expansão, da tubulação auxiliar no transvase do leite, da água utilizada no processo de produção e da água utilizada para higienização dos tanques comunitários. A partir das 446 amostras colhidas nos diversos pontos, 244 estirpes foram isoladas e caracterizadas bioquimicamente como estafilococos coagulase-positivos. O fragmento de DNA cromossômico específico da espécie de S. aureus foi amplificado em 106 estirpes, das quais 103 foram submetidas à eletroforese em gel de campo pulsado (PFGE). Os pontos de colheita de amostras que apresentaram maior frequência de isolamento de estirpes de Staphylococcus aureus foram os óstios papilares (31,1%), o leite das vacas reagentes ao CMT (21,7%), os insufladores das ordenhadeiras mecânicas (21,7%), o leite dos latões (6,6%)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Bovine mastitis is a main disease in milk cattle worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated among mastitis agents. The microorganism's molecular profile is of paramount importance for a better understanding of epidemiologic studies of these pathogens on farms and ranches. Two hundred twenty-two cows on 12 farms in the municipality of Sacramento-MG, Brazil were tested by the California Mastitis Test (CMT) between January and April 2009. Milk samples were collected from four CMT reagents, from the milk produced on each farm and from milk collectively collected from the 12 farms and maintained in two community bulk tanks. At the same time samples of papillary ostia were collected from milk pails, cans, sieves, milking machine insufflators, milkers' hands, from the water used on the 12 farms and from the two community bulk tanks. Two hundred and forty-four strains among the 446 samples collected from several sites were isolated and biochemically characterized as positive coagulase Staphylococcus. Chromosome DNA fragment, specific to S. aureus, was amplified in 106 strains. Further, when 103 S. aureus strains underwent pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the samples' collection sites with the highest isolation frequency of S. aureus strains were papillary ostia (31.1%), milk of cows which reacted to CMT (21.7%), the insufflators of milking machines (21.7%), milk in pails (6.6%) and milk in the community bulk tanks (5.6%). Since 32 different pulsotypes were identified, genetic heterogeneity existed among the 106 S. aureus isolated strains. Pulsotype 1 had the highest similarity among the S. aureus isolated strains at the different sites of the milk production flowchart. Since highest isolation frequency of pulsotype 1 of S. aureus strains were papillary ostia (10.6%), milk of cows which reacted to CMT (5.8%), the insufflators of milking machines (3.8%)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The studies on bromeliad fauna are spread more and more, not just due importance in the knowledge about animal diversity, but mainly thanks to the active ecological dynamics in these systems, since their basic rules could be applied in more complex systems. The leaves of most of the bromeliad species are arranged in way spiraled in a rosette, forming a cistern, or hit, which accumulates water of the rain, sediments of the dossel and other countless detritus. The decomposition of this debris contains many nutritious, which they are used not just by the bromeliad, through the located tricomas in their leaves, but also for other several organisms that participate in these intricate relationships. During this research 24 bromeliads of Vriesea friburgensis were collected, in elapsing of one year, and examined in search of macroscopic organisms, which were fastened in alcohol 70th and identified. These organisms were divided in seven classes, 20 orders and 50 families. The highlighted classes were Insecta and Arachnida. The most abundant orders were Coleoptera (45.3%), Hymenoptera (23.5%), Aranea (11.0%) and Diptera (9.7%); in keeping with result other similar works. Several ecological groups, or guilds, were established with base in the literature and field observations, looking for to increase the knowledge about the polytrophic relationships presented in this personal micro-universe. About 90% of total collected organisms belong to 15 families, and the three most found were Hydrophilidae (37.7%), Formicidae (23.5%) e Hahnidae (5.4%), witch ones were responsible for 67% of relative abundance on the community. The families with higher indices of relative frequency were Hydrophilidae (62.5%), Hahnidae (58.3%) e Formicidae (54.2%). The epiphytes bromeliads are different of the ground ones, some animals prefer one or another, the epiphytes have less biodiversity (H : 1,818) than the ground ones (H : 2,923). In the autumn were found the higher number of individuals (412), followed by winter (226), spring (226) and summer (190). The family richness were high on autumn (37), followed by winter (29), summer (27) and spring (18). This ecosystem can or could be a model and an example of polytrophic relationships, the systematic should use this diversity and help to identify the species witch depend of bromeliads to life. / Os estudos sobre fauna bromeliolícola são cada vez mais difundidos, não apenas devido a sua importância no conhecimento sobre a diversidade animal, mas principalmente graças à dinâmica ecológica atuante nestes sistemas, já que suas regras básicas poderiam ser aplicadas em sistemas mais complexos. As folhas da maioria das espécies de bromélias são arranjadas de maneira espiralada em uma roseta, formando uma cisterna, ou tanque, a qual acumula água da chuva, sedimentos do dossel e inúmeros outros detritos. A decomposição destes detritos contém muitos nutrientes, os quais são utilizados não apenas pela bromélia, através dos tricomas, localizados em suas folhas, mas também por diversos outros organismos que participam destas intricadas relações. Durante esta pesquisa foram coletadas 24 bromélias, 12 epífitas, 12 de solo, da espécie Vriesea friburgensis, no decorrer de um ano, e examinadas em busca de organismos macroscópicos, os quais foram fixados em álcool 70% e identificados. Estes organismos estão distribuídos em sete classes, 20 ordens e 50 famílias. As classes que se destacaram foram Insecta e Arachnida. As ordens mais abundantes foram Coleoptera (45,3%), Hymenoptera (23,5%), Aranea (11,0%) e Diptera (9,7%). Do total de organismos coletados, 90% estão compreendidos em 15 famílias e, destas, as três mais observadas foram Hydrophilidae (37,7%), Formicidae (23,5%) e Hahnidae (5,4%), as quais compreendem 67% da abundância relativa na comunidade. As famílias que apresentaram o maior índice de freqüência relativa foram Hydrophilidae (62,5%), Hahnidae (58,3%) e Formicidae (54,2%). Foi constatado que bromélias epífitas diferem das de solo, e que certos organismos possuem preferências por uma ou por outra, além de que as bromélias epífitas apresentaram menor biodiversidade (H : 1,818) em relação aquelas caídas ao solo (H : 2,923). Durante o outono foi encontrado o maior número de organismos (412), seguido pelo inverno (226), primavera (226) e verão (190). A riqueza de famílias foi maior durante o outono (37), seguida do inverno (29), verão (27) e primavera (18). A utilização deste ecossistema como modelo e exemplo de relações politróficas é fato concreto e, cabe à sistemática aproveitar esta diversidade para elucidar com clareza quais espécies dependem, exclusivamente, das bromélias para realizar seus ciclos vitais.

Submitted by Gabriela Capriogli Oliveira null (gabriela.capriogli@gmail.com) on 2017-09-30T18:07:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela_Dissertação.docx: 1944431 bytes, checksum: 800e12f9e8f1c061f9cb1d5d649d748a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-10-04T18:54:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela_Dissertação.docx: 1944431 bytes, checksum: 800e12f9e8f1c061f9cb1d5d649d748a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T18:54:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela_Dissertação.docx: 1944431 bytes, checksum: 800e12f9e8f1c061f9cb1d5d649d748a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-10 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A refrigeração é um importante método de conservação do leite, porém quando ocorre por longo período, a qualidade desse produto pode ser alterada devido, principalmente, a multiplicação de bactérias psicrotróficas. Dentro desse grupo de micro-organismos, entre os gêneros patogênicos, destaca-se Listeria monocytogenes. A identificação deste patógeno em alimentos é de interesse não somente pelos efeitos nocivos aos animais, mas também pelos efeitos na saúde humana. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a presença de L. monocytogenes em 95 amostras de leite bovino de conjunto de pequenas propriedades leiteiras de agricultura familiar. As amostras de leite foram cultivadas nos meios seletivos de PALCAM e ALOA e as colônias características foram avaliadas por métodos fenotípicos e moleculares, pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), para detecção de L. monocytogenes. Apesar dos resultados negativos no cultivo e na PCR, a patogenicidade de L. monocytogenes para os animais e os riscos em saúde pública, justificam estudos continuados para vigilância epidemiológica do agente em produtos de origem animal como o leite. / Refrigeration is an important milk preservation method. However, milk quality may deteriorate if the product is refrigerated for long periods, mainly due to the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria. This group of microorganisms includes pathogenic genera, most notably Listeria monocytogenes. The detection of this bacterium in food is important, given its pathogenic effects on human and animal health and also its economic relevance. This study focused on detecting the presence of L. monocytogenes in milk samples collected at small family-owned dairy farms. Samples were cultivated on PALCAM and ALOA agars for microbiological analysis and a molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection of L. monocytogenes. Despite the negative results obtained in both these analyses, further studies are recommended to confirm or refute the negligible effect of L. monocytogenes on small dairy farms. / FAPESP: 2015/11571-4

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:38:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 previato_v_me_ilha.pdf: 2933498 bytes, checksum: 6ef1083cc0bb6e975a24653723c5c7ac (MD5) / A quantidade de água potável no mundo esta diminuindo em virtude de sua utilização para fins residenciais, agrícolas, industriais e comerciais, enquanto que a opulação mundial esta aumentando. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo proceder à avaliação da qualidade da água sofrendo influência de uma piscicultura em tanques rede no Rio São José dos Dourados no Município de Ilha Solteira. O rio São José dos Dourados nasce no município de Mirassol-SP a 587 metros de altitude, localizado a uma latitude de 20°49'09 sul e uma lontifude 49°21'16 oeste, desaguando no rio Paraná. Corta o município de Ilha Solteira e hoje esta ligado ao Tiete pelo canal de Pereira Barreto que incorporou os 400 Km do tramo norte à Hidrovia Tietê-Parana. Sua bacia é constituída de aproximadamente 35 afluentes e 25 municípios em toda a sua extensão. No seu curso normal, deságua no Rio Paraná, a uma longitude de 51°06`35” e latitude 20°38`44”. A partir dos resultados do Índice de Qualidade de Águas será possível verificar os efeitos dessa atividade sobre a qualidade da agua, principalmente, em função da elevação dos fertilizantes (fósforo e nitrogênio). No presente trabalho propoe-se verificar a influência da piscicultura em tanques rede na qualidade da água do Rio São José dos Dourados, onde amostras de água foram colhidas em sete pontos, sendo dois pontos no meio do rio, sem a inflencia da psicultura, coletados durante os meses de janeiro a agosto de 2008, sendo confeccionado com este o Índice de Qualidade da Água da National Station Fundation dos Estados Unidos, adaptados pela CETESB / Potable water availablein the world is being gradually reduced due to is use in households, commerce, agriculture and industry while global population is increasing. The main purpose of this work is to e valuate the water quality in an enviromental of the net-tank fishing culture in São José dos Dourados River in the city of Ilha Solteira. São José dos Dourados River borns in Mirassol – SP at 587m altitude , 20 9’09” sout h latitude and west longitude 49º31’16”, flowing towards the Paraná river. It crosses the city of Ilha Solteira and actually is connected to Tietê River through the chanel of Pereira Barreto which added 400 km of the North opening to Tietê-Paraná waterway. Its basin is formed by approximately 35 tributaries and 25 cities in all its extension. In the normal running it recedes in Paraná River at 51º06’35” longitude and 20º38’44” latitude. As of the results of Water Quality Index it will be possible to check the effects of this activity over the water quality, mainly due to the increasing use of fertilizers (phosphorus and nitrogen). In this research , it is proposed to check the effects of the net-tank fishing culture over the water quality in São José dos Dourados River, where water samples were collected in seven different points, 2 of them in the middle river without the influence of fishing activity from January to August 2008. These samples were used to prepare the Water Quality Index of National Sanitation foundation of United Stares, adapted by CETESB

Thesis (DTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / Majority of the industrial systems encountered are significantly non-linear in nature, so if they are synthesised and designed by linear methods, then some of salient features characterising of their performance may not be captured. Therefore designing a control system that captures the nonlinearities is important. This research focuses on the control design strategies for the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) process. To control such a process a careful design strategy is required because of the nonlinearities, loop interaction and the potentially unstable dynamics characterizing the system. In these systems, linear control methods alone may not perform satisfactorily. Three different control design strategies (Dynamic decoupling, Decentralized and Input-output feedback linearization controller) are proposed and implemented .in the Matlab/Simulink platform and the developed strategies are then deployed to the design of distributed automation control system configuration using the IEC 61499 standard based functional block programming language. Twin CAT 3.1 system real-time and Matlab/Simulink (www.mathworks.com) environment are used to test the effectiveness of the models The simulation results from the investigation done between Simulink and TwinCAT 3 software (Beckhoff Automation) platforms in the case of the model transformation and closed loop simulation of the process for the considered cases have shown the suitability and the potentials of merging the Matlab/Simulink control function blocks into the TwinCAT 3.1 function blocks in real-time. The merits derived from such integration imply that the existing software and software components can be re-used. This is in line with one of the IEC 6144 standard requirements such as portability and interoperability. Similarly, the simplification of programming applications is greatly achieved. The investigation has also shown that the integration the of Matlab/Simulink models running in the TwinCAT 3.1 PLC do not need any modification, hence confirming that the TwinCAT 3.1 development platform can be used for the design and implementation of controllers from different platforms. Also, based on the steps required for model transformation the between the Matlab/Simulink to the TwinCAT 3 functional blocks, the algorithms of the control design methodologies developed, simulation results are used to verify the suitability of the controls to find whether the effective set-point tracking control and disturbance effect minimisation for the output variables can be achieved in real-time using the transformed Simulink blocks to the TwinCAT 3 functional blocks, then downloaded to the Beckhoff CX5020 PLC for real-time execution. Good set-point tracking control is achieved for the MIMO closed loop nonlinear CSTR process for the considered cases of the developed control methodologies. Similarly, the effects of disturbances are investigated. TwinCAT functional modules achieved good set-point tracking with these disturbances minimization under all the cases considered.

This diploma thesis dealing with a simulated accident of a rail tanker in the railway station in Jihlava with subsequent leakage of ammonia has been prepared in the form of public and available information that provides a brief overview about the topic. In the introduction, possible types of extraordinary events are described with individual examples. In another part of the thesis, extraordinary events in traffic are mentioned as well as accidents connected with leakage of dangerous substances. The follow-up chapter deals with the issue of emergency planning, aimed particularly at leakage of ammonia. The remaining part is devoted to the integrated rescue system. Another chapter deals with ammonia toxicology with examples. The following part concerns railway haulage, including rail transport of ammonia. The following chapter describes the chronology of an extraordinary event with the follow-up solution. In the diploma thesis, research of awareness of the general public about ammonia is presented. The conclusion contains specification of problems that occurred during preparation of this paper. Also comparison with specialized literature is provided as well as the author{\crq}s own ideas.