In this thesis I study the problem of logical constants with respect to logical truth and logical consequence. In order to do that, I focused on the following two questions. First, what is a logical constant and what kind of relation there is between a logical truth, logical consequence and logical constant? Second, what are the solutions to the problem and to what extent these criteria can solve it? The main argument of my thesis is to determine that all of the examined systems are satisfactory to considerable level still none of these is completely acceptable.

Το θέμα στην ουσία αφορά την Αξιωματική θεμελίωση του Ευκλείδη (καθ'ύλη αξιωματική) που έχει ως αντικείμενο την μελέτη της γεωμετρίας του φυσικού χώρου, και επομένως διατηρεί τον εμπειρικό της χαρακτήρα. Επομένως ο φυσικός αυτός χώρος εφοδιάζει τον μελετητή και με μια ισχυρή γεωμετρική διαίσθηση. Από την άλλη μεριά η αφηρημένη αξιωματική του Hilbert, και η σχετική θεμελίωση της Γεωμετρίας, καταφέρνει να εξοβελίσει την γεωμετρική διαίσθηση. Από κει και πέρα η αλγεβροποίηση των μαθηματικών, εξοβελίζει και αυτή την γεωμετρική άποψη. / We present the axiomatic method of Euclid's elements in geometry (~300 B.C.) and the axiomatization of Euclid's geometry later (first quarter of the twentieth century) by Hilbert and Tarski (formalization).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:12:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5621.pdf: 971098 bytes, checksum: c5d30431f6d74b2c37a4e7b0a76b6491 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The purpose of this thesis is analyze the changes in the thinking of Rudolf Carnap in relation to the analysis of language before the innovations of the work of Alfred Tarski. To this end, we will seek to explain the syntactic analysis of language presented by Carnap in his work "Logical Syntax of Language". Secondly, the semantic analysis of the language proposed by Alfred Tarski. To then discuss the influence of Tarski in the later work of Rudolf Carnap. / Esta tese tem por finalidade examinar as mudanças do pensamento de Rudolf Carnap em relação à análise da linguagem frente às inovações dos trabalhos de Alfred Tarski. Para tanto, buscaremos esclarecer a análise sintática da linguagem apresentada por Carnap em sua obra a Sintaxe Lógica da Linguagem , e a análise semântica da linguagem proposta por Alfred Tarski, para, então, discutir a influência de Tarski nos trabalhos posteriores de Rudolf Carnap.

Orientador: Itala Maria Loffredo D'Ottaviano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T08:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suguitani_LeandroOliva_M.pdf: 498724 bytes, checksum: 92a1cd68fc996cc91200b7596bd9188e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Em 1975, Alfred Tarski, um dos maiores lógicos contemporâneos, visitou o Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Ciência da Computação (IMECC) da Unicamp. Nessa oportunidade, foi organizado um evento, o Simpósio de Lógica Matemática, para recebê-lo. Tarski apresentou então sua axiomatização para o cálculo de relações, conhecida como álgebra de relações (RA). A RA, como teoria formal desenvolvida por Tarski, foi apresentada em duas conferências, que foram pioneiramente gravadas em fita de vídeo e atualmente fazem parte do acervo dos Arquivos Históricos do Centro de Lógica, Epistemologia e História da Ciência (CLE) da Unicamp. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma transcrição das conferências de Tarski e examinamos o seu conteúdo, inserindo-o no contexto histórico do desenvolvimento da teoria do cálculo de relações, cujo início remonta à alguns trabalhos de De Morgan, Peirce e Schröder. Tendo em vista que a origem dessa teoria já foi devidamente abordada, concentrar-nos-emos mais no conteúdo das conferências de Tarski proferidas no Brasil, sobre RA, dando especial atenção aos problemas deixados em aberto nessa ocasião, e no recente desenvolvimento de sua teoria. / Abstract: In 1975, Alfred Tarski visited the Instituto de Matemática, Estatástica e Ciência da Computação (IMECC) at Unicamp, Brazil. In that ocasion, an event was organized to welcome him, the Simpósio de Lógica Matemática. Tarski's talking was about his axiomatization on the calculus of relations, which in that time was already known as Relation Algebra (RA). In Brazil, the formal theory of RA developed by Tarski was introduced to his audience in two lectures, which were taped and nowadays belongs to the historical files of Arquivos Hist'oricos do Centro de Lógica, Epistemologia e História da Ciência (CLE) at Unicamp. Our work aims to bring Tarski's conferences for public access through our transcription of them, and besides that, it is also our aim to analize Tarski's lectures and put it into the historical context of the development of RA, which origin goes back to some works of De Morgan, Peirce and Schröder. Our focus is on the content of the conferences, specially on the open problems left by Tarski and on the recent development of his theory. / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

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I here develop a specific version of the deflationary theory of truth. I adopt a terminology on which deflationism holds that an exhaustive account of truth is given by the equivalence between truth-ascriptions and de-nominalised (or disquoted) sentences. An adequate truth-theory, it is argued, must be finite, non-circular, and give a unified account of all occurrences of “true”. I also argue that it must descriptively capture the ordinary meaning of “true”, which is plausibly taken to be unambiguous. Ch. 2 is a critical historical survey of deflationary theories, where notably disquotationalism is found untenable as a descriptive theory of “true”. In Ch. 3, I aim to show that deflationism cannot be finitely and non-circularly formulated by using “true”, and so must only mention it. Hence, it must be a theory specifically about the word “true” (and its foreign counterparts). To capture the ordinary notion, the theory must thus be an empirical, use-theoretic, semantic account of “true”. The task of explaining facts about truth now becomes that of showing that various sentences containing “true” are (unconditionally) assertible. In Ch. 4, I defend the claim (D) that every sentence of the form “That p is true” and the corresponding “p” are intersubstitutable (in a use-theoretic sense), and show how this claim provides a unified and simple account of a wide variety of occurrences of “true”. Disquotationalism then only has the advantage of avoiding propositions. But in Ch. 5, I note that (D) is not committed to propositions. Use-theoretic semantics is then argued to serve nominalism better than truth-theoretic ditto. In particular, it can avoid propositions while sustaining a natural syntactic treatment of “that”-clauses as singular terms and of “Everything he says is true”, as any other quantification. Finally, Horwich’s problem of deriving universal truth-claims is given a solution by recourse to an assertibilist semantics of the universal quantifier.

Inhalt der Dissertation ist der Einfluß, den die von Alfred Tarski formulierte mathematische Logik auf die Entstehung der drei Computerkonzepte des Konrad Zuse hatte.

In dieser Arbeit möchte ich dem Wesen des Auswahlaxioms auf den Grund gehen und verstehen, inwieweit es problematisch sein könnte, es zu benutzen, aber auch wie nützlich es ist, dieses mächtige Instrument als Mathematiker zu besitzen.

This paper investigates the relationship between the theory of belief revision and Lindenbaum-Tarski algebras for propositional logic. The intent is to represent the revision function described by the AGM-postulates algebraically. The AGM theory is based on deductively closed sets, which are characterizable as generated filters in the algebra as well as depictable in the corresponding Hasse diagram. This fact is shown by proving that a partial order is definable for the algebra, that this order is the consequence relation of propositional calculus and that the generated filters are deductively closed. Furthermore, an alternative, but equivalent approach to the AGM theory is introduced, the revision proposed by Katsuno and Mendelzon, which characterizes the deductively closed sets as propositional formulae. This correspondence follows naturally from the behaviour of filters and can be applied without problems to define the functions of the AGM framework in the Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra. The visualization of partially ordered sets as a Hasse diiagram is used to depict an example of a belief revision. Lastly, some combinatorical calculations are introduced to determine the number of possible solution candidates for a belief revision.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Roberto Teixeira Alves.pdf: 1967806 bytes, checksum: 142da51209f03ccc29b4ce39129cce9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In 1929 Alfred Tarski wrote the paper The Concept of Truth for Formalized Languages which presents the question to respect use concept of truth . His hypothesis is that truth or false are not predicates of things, but attribute for expressions more pre-cisely of sentences. So Tarski constructed a way to preach these attributes without reaching a self-reference contradictory in that the truth or the false are not predicated the same time: the use of a formal language and metalanguage for this formal language. This paper aims to explain the Tarskian Theory of Truth. A previus exposure in the general introduction of this paper shows the limitation of the definition for natural lan-guages. The body of this paper is devoted careful analysis, thorough and comprehensive part of the artcle The Conceopt of Truth in Formalized Languages, §2 and §3 (Theorem 7), clarificity the main points to be locasted precisely at what for Tarski the semantic meaning of the word truth / Em 1929 Alfred Tarski escreveu o artigo O Conceito de Verdade nas Linguagens For-mais o qual apresenta a questão sobre a atribuição de verdade . Sua hipótese é que verdade ou falso não são predicados de coisas, mas atributos de expressões mais precisamente de sentenças. Por isso Tarski constrói um modo de predicar esses atributos sem chegar a uma auto-referência contraditória em que a verdade , ou o falso , é e não é predicado ao mesmo tempo: o uso de uma linguagem formal e da metalinguagem para essa linguagem formal. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de explicitar a Teoria Tarski-ana de Verdade. Uma geral exposição prévia na introdução desta dissertação mostra a limitação da definição para as linguagens naturais. O corpo central deste trabalho é de-dicado uma análise cuidadosa, minuciosa e exaustiva do corpo principal do artigo O Conceito de Verdade nas Linguagens Formalizadas, §2 e §3 (até o Teorema 7), esclare-cendo os pontos principais, para situar-se com rigor diante do que era para Tarski o sig-nificado semântico da palavra verdade