A partir de la conception d’un robot pour une application médicale particulière de télé-échographie, une démarche de conception générique de robots médicaux est proposée. L’étude se décompose en deux phases : la synthèse topologique et la synthèse dimensionnelle. La première est effectuée pour toutes applications médicales à partir de connaissances capitalisées dans un catalogue de robots médicaux réalisé au préalable. La synthèse dimensionnelle est établie pour un robot de télé-échographie. Une nouvelle structure cinématique de poignet sphérique série permettant de rejeter la singularité aux frontières de l’espace de travail est proposée. Après avoir réalisé une analyse cinématique validant le concept, plusieurs optimisations multi-critères sont effectuées selon des critères de performances cinématiques (manipulabilité, dextérité) et d’encombrement (compacité). Une comparaison de l’influence des indices de performance sur l’optimisation est réalisée. Le concept pour l’application de télé-échographie choisi et dimensionné, une démarche de conception préliminaire à l’aide de l’outil CAO est présentée. Une phase de conception collaborative avec des designers est menée afin d’améliorer l’ergonomie, la compacité et l’esthétique du robot. L’association des étapes de synthèses et de conception préliminaire a conduit à la proposition d’une démarche de conception de robots médicaux. / From the design of a tele-echography robot for a specific medical application, a generic methodology for medical robots design is proposed. The study is presented in two parts: a topological synthesis and a dimensional one. The first is made for all medical applications, from a medical robots catalogue built beforehand. The second synthesis is established for a tele-echography robot. A new spherical kinematic structure permitting to reject singularities to the boundaries of the workspace is proposed. After having validated this concept from a kinematic point of view, several multi-criteria optimisations are realised according to kinematic indices (manipulability, dexterity) and bulkiness (compactness). A comparison of indices influence on optimisations is carried out. The concept for teleechography robot chosen and dimensioned, a process of embodiment design with CAD tool is presented. A collaborative design phase with designers is led to improve ergonomics, compactness and aesthetic of the robot. The association of synthesis steps and embodiment design lead to propose a process of medical robots design.

Calf is the most important animal on the farm. Calf rearing should be given due attention as many problems and ailments in the herd as a whole have their origins in calves. The right choice of technology o f rearing can be crucial to the economy of the entire breed. Quality of calf housing is reflected in the overall level of rearing cattle in this category. It has a significant impact on the overall w ellbeing of animals, zoohygienic conditions and health situation.The aim of this thesis was to compare methods of rearing calves in individual outdoor sheds, where the calves were fed twice daily, with group housing in a spacious calving barn with multip le feeding through a feeding machine. We looked at weight gain, hea lth and welfare of the animals.The thesis was dealt with at a private farm of Václav Duba in Boubín near the town of Horažďovice. The experiment was conducted simultaneously in both systems of calf housing in the time period between May 1 2013 and October 14 2013. Both the observed groups of calves were fed the same amount of milk replacer, only with different frequency of intake. Both groups had the same number of 30 calves (15 heifers and 15 bulls) of Czech pied cattle. After completion of the milk feeding period the average weight of the calves in individual sheds was 107.2 kg and 110.8 kg in the calving barn. The calves which were fed by a feeding machine had an average daily weight gain of 0.787 kg; the calves in individual sheds had lower weight gain of 0.743 kg. The average consumption of milk replacer for calves in the individual sheds was 521.7 litres and for calves in the calving barn it was 516.8 litres. This indicator has been pro ven to have high statistical significance (P 0.001). The a verage daily temperature in the individual sheds was 19.7 °C; in t he calving barn it was 17.9 °C. A diarrheal disease was reported in four animals in the individual sheds, and in six animals in the calving barn. In calves reared in the individual shed mutual sucking of muzzle was found immediately after drinking. In calves fed using a feeding machine there was no sign of unsatisfied sucking reflex.

The base for rearing healthy calves is a high level of passive immunity, which protects calves in a challenging period after birth. In examined herd of the Holstein cows was evaluated the influence of selected factors on the level of passive immunization in 57 calves, expressed as total protein content in calf blood serum. The selected factors were: the quality of colostrum, the time of first intake of colostrum after birth, the weight and sex of calves. The proper level of passive immunization was found only in 33 (57, 9%) calves in the studied breed. Insufficient immunization resulted in a high mortality which reached rate of 10% in 2017. The level of the passive immunization was most affected by the quality of colostrum (P < 0, 001) and the time of first drinking after birth (P < 0, 0230). The other observed factors (calf weight and gender) were not statistically significant. Adequate care for the youngest age category is crucial and influences the profitability of the breed.

Orientador: José Horta Nunes / Banca: Mónica Graciela Zoppi-Fontana / Banca: Suzy Lagazzi / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar, com base na teoria e nos métodos adotados pela escola francesa da Análise do Discurso, uma análise de discursos que compõem mesmos trajetos temáticos, formulados em telejornais e telenovelas, programas que têm como proposta apresentar, respectivamente, o factual e a ficção na televisão. Como objetos de análise, foram selecionados a telenovela O Clone, de Glória Perez (transmitida entre os meses de outubro de 2001 e junho de 2002, no horário das 20 horas, pela Rede Globo de Televisão) e o Jornal Nacional, exibido diariamente pela mesma emissora. No corpus selecionado, foram identificados para análise três trajetos temáticos - falsificação e contrabando de mercadorias, uso e tráfico de drogas e clonagem. Com o emprego do método lingüístico e histórico, que busca descrever as sistematicidades lingüísticas e as regularidades discursivas no corpus selecionado, estabelecendo as relações entre a língua, a história, o sujeito e o dizer, a análise identifica como se constituem sentidos para a realidade e a ficção nesses discursos televisivos. A análise do processo discursivo dos três trajetos temáticos permite afirmar que telejornal e telenovela, embora tenham objetivos distintos e estruturas diferenciadas, constituem discursos complementares, por meio da atualização de uma memória comum e da formulação em mesmas formações discursivas. No discurso que reúne realidade e ficção, os programas analisados buscam o sentido único com o predomínio da paráfrase sobre a polissemia, o emprego de mesmas designações e formações imaginárias comuns sobre os sujeitos do discurso. / Abstract: This dissertation aims at carrying out a discourse analysis based on the theory and the methodology of the French School of Discourse Analysis, with the same theme present in news programs and soap operas that are intended to show reality and fiction on television, respectively. O Clone soap opera, written by Glória Perez (broadcasted from October/2001 to June/2002 at 8 o'clock p.m. by Rede Globo de Televisão) and Jornal Nacional news program, broadcasted daily by the same channel, were selected to be analyzed. In the selected corpus, three themes were identified goods falsification and smuggling, drug use and traffic, and cloning. The analysis identifies how reality and fiction are constituted in these programs by making use of linguistics and historical methods, which aims to describe the linguistics systematicities and the discursive regularities in the selected corpus establishing the relationship among language, history, subject and the telling. The analysis of the discursive process of the three themes allows us to state that news programs and soap operas, although having distinct objectives and differentiated structures, constitute complementary discourses through the common memory updating and the formulation in the same discursive formations. In the discourse that is comprised of reality and fiction, the analyzed programs search for the unique sense with the predominance of paraphrases over polysemy. They also employ the same designations and ordinary imaginary formations on the discourses subjects. / Mestre

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-01T21:30:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnnaGiselleCamaraDantasRibeiro_TESE.pdf: 23598503 bytes, checksum: 4aa3b62cec65945d371ff9ad8c137f86 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2016-02-16T20:09:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnnaGiselleCamaraDantasRibeiro_TESE.pdf: 23598503 bytes, checksum: 4aa3b62cec65945d371ff9ad8c137f86 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-16T20:09:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnnaGiselleCamaraDantasRibeiro_TESE.pdf: 23598503 bytes, checksum: 4aa3b62cec65945d371ff9ad8c137f86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O aumento da popula??o mundial, com propor??o maior de idosos, acarreta no aumento do n?mero de indiv?duos com perda visual, sendo a catarata a maior causa de cegueira no mundo. A Catarata ? uma patologia dos olhos que consiste na opacidade parcial ou total do cristalino (lente natural do olho) ou de sua c?psula. Pode ser desencadeada por v?rios fatores, como traumatismo, idade, diabetes mellitus, uso de medicamentos, entre outros. Sabe-se que o atendimento por oftalmologistas no Brasil nas ?reas rurais e mais pobres ? inferior ao necess?rio e muitos pacientes com doen?as trat?veis como a Catarata ficam sem diagn?stico e consequentemente sem tratamento. Neste contexto, esse projeto tem como proposta o desenvolvimento do OPTICA, um sistema de tele-oftalmologia que utiliza smartphones para detec??o de urg?ncias oftalmol?gicas, disponibilizando um aux?lio ao diagn?stico a Catarata utilizando sistemas inteligentes e t?cnicas de processamento de imagens. As imagens ser?o capturadas por um celular com uma lente especial acoplada a c?mera e juntamente com um question?rio com informa??es do paciente ser?o transmitidos de forma segura via a plataforma Sana Mobile (sana.mit.edu) para uma central online de laudos que disp?e de um programa inteligente de auxilio ao diagn?stico a Catarata e de m?dicos oftalmologistas que ir?o analisar as informa??es e emitir o laudo do paciente. Desta forma, o OPTICA permite levar atendendimento oftalmol?gico a popula??o menos favorecida e em ?reas remotas , melhorando a triagem de pacientes graves e aumentando o acesso ao diagn?stico e tratamento. / The increasing in world population, with higher proportion of elderly, leads to an increase in the number of individuals with vision loss and cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Cataract is an eye disease that is the partial or total opacity of the crystalline lens (natural lens of the eye) or its capsule. It can be triggered by several factors such as trauma, age, diabetes mellitus, and medications, among others. It is known that the attendance by ophthalmologists in rural and poor areas in Brazil is less than needed and many patients with treatable diseases such as cataracts are undiagnosed and therefore untreated. In this context, this project presents the development of OPTICA, a system of teleophthalmology using smartphones for ophthalmic emergencies detection, providing a diagnostic aid for cataract using specialists systems and image processing techniques. The images are captured by a cellphone camera and along with a questionnaire filled with patient information are transmitted securely via the platform Mobile SANA to a online server that has an intelligent system available to assist in the diagnosis of cataract and provides ophthalmologists who analyze the information and write back the patient?s report. Thus, the OPTICA provides eye care to the poorest and least favored population, improving the screening of critically ill patients and increasing access to diagnosis and treatment.

Avanços técnicos na integração dos sistemas de comunicação e computação têm revelado interesse científico as potencialidades das redes de dispositivos telemáticos - nas quais integram equipamentos dotados de capacidade de transmissão e processamento de informação - em áreas que cobrem desde o ensino à distância, até telemedicina, automação remota e tele-instrumentação científica. Especialmente em virtude do reconhecimento das destacadas facilidades da Internet, dentre as aplicações mais visadas encontra-se o compartilhamento de recursos (dados e instrumentos) em escala global. Em um terreno ainda predominantemente marcado pelo empirismo característico das frentes de exploração recentes, este estudo investiga os fundamentos da operação à distância em redes telemáticas, através da identificação das atuais tendências no emergente campo do comando remoto via Internet, examinando os aspectos tecnológicos no que se concerne ao seu desenvolvimento e aplicações. A partir de uma extensa revisão do assunto, abarcando tanto o cenário acadêmico quanto a indústria industrial, o trabalho apresenta uma abordagem alternativa em relação às técnicas atualmente empregadas. Mediante a construção de um protótipo, o estudo introduz uma arquitetura experimental distribuída, baseada no conceito de ambiente virtual cooperativo, através da qual dispositivos tele-interativos exportam suas funcionalidades para os demais elementos na rede. Então, através de uma série de ensaios e avaliações, discutem-se as aplicações e limitações do mecanismo, bem como dos recursos tecnológicos atualmente disponíveis para a construção de efetivos sistemas de dispositivos telemáticos através da Internet. / Technical advances in the integration of computer and communication systems have drawn to the attention of scientific interest the potentialities of the telematic-device networks - where pieces of equipment endowed with information processing and transmission capabilities interact - in areas ranging from distance learning to telemedicine, remote automation and scientific tele-instrumentation. Particularly with the perception of the benefits brought about by the Internet, one of the most sought after applications is the global-wide resource (data and instruments) sharing systems. In a field still distinguished by the empirical practices that are typical in recent exploration fronts, this study investigates the foundations of distance operation in telematic networks by identifying the current trends in the emerging area of Internet-based remote command, examining the technological aspects that concerns to its development and application. Starting with an extensive review on the subject, covering both academic and industrial initiatives, this work introduces an alternative approach to the techniques currently employed. By means of a prototype, the study presents an experimental distributed architecture based on the concept of virtual cooperative environment, through which tele-interactive devices export their functionality to the other elements on the network. Then, through a set of tests and evaluations, applications and limitations of the mechanism are discussed, as well as the technological resources currently available for the development of effective telematic-device sharing systems over the Internet.

A emergência de resistências bacterianas, principalmente quando associadas ao ambiente hospitalar, representa, mundialmente, um problema de saúde pública. A diversidade de mecanismos de resistências configura um desafio terapêutico e a escolha de antibióticos deve ser individualizada e baseada em antibiogramas locais. O laboratório de microbiologia representa um apoio estratégico para o rápido diagnóstico das doenças infecciosas e deve funcionar com sistemas de alerta para informar a comunidade médica sobre novos mecanismos de resistência bacteriana. O objetivo deste estudo foi estruturar e aplicar um curso de extensão universitária em microbiologia clínica por meio de teleducação interativa para capacitação de profissionais. O conteúdo científico foi definido em função das competências associadas à prática laboratorial. O curso foi estruturado em onze módulos divididos em três semestres, sendo 70% a distância, 22% presencial e 8% do tempo dedicado a monografia, como modelo misto, com ambientes de aprendizagem a distância e presencial integrados. Em todos os módulos foram propostos estudo a distância, tarefas para o estímulo à pesquisa bibliográfica (revisão de artigos e questionários) e aulas presenciais, teóricas e práticas. O grupo de alunos foi composto por 28 participantes com perfil diversificado, médicos e microbiologistas, originários de vinte cidades brasileiras diferentes. Dois dos motivos para a participação dos alunos foi a flexibilidade do tempo e local de estudo, reduzindo a ausência do seu local de trabalho. O desempenho demonstrado pelo grupo durante o curso foi satisfatório. Após um ano do término do curso foi realizada uma visita ao ambiente de trabalho dos alunos para correlação do seu desempenho no curso com as mudanças realizadas na prática da rotina microbiológica. Houve uma diferença significativa entre os índices de mudanças nas práticas microbiológicas realizadas nos locais de trabalho dos alunos, antes e depois da sua participação no curso, sendo que 76,9% dos procedimentos verificados foram modificados. Na avaliação subjetiva, os participantes informaram que o curso promoveu mudanças comportamentais e que voltariam a se matricular em um modelo educacional semelhante. A qualificação profissional estimulou a autonomia profissional. O uso de tecnologias interativas permitiu a participação de profissionais de diversas regiões do país, representando uma alternativa para inovação do processo de ensino em microbiologia clínica. O resultado deste estudo indica perspectivas para a consolidação do uso da teleducação interativa para criação de programas de educação continuada / The emergence of bacterial resistance, especially when associated with the hospital environment, represents a worldwide public health problem. The diversity of resistance mechanisms forms an important therapeutic challenge, and the selection of antibiotics should be individualized and based on local and institutional antibiograms. Microbiology laboratories represent a strategic support for a fast diagnosis of infectious disease to notify the medical community about new mechanisms of resistance. This study aimed to design and implement an academic extension course in clinical microbiology via interactive tele-education for training of professionals. The scientific content was defined according to competencies associated with laboratory practices. The course was structured in eleven modules divided into three semesters: 70% distance learning, 22% on campus (mixed model with distance learning environments and integrated presence) and 8% monographs. All the modules have been proposed for remote study, to present tasks for the investigation of the literature (review articles and questionnaires), as well as for the on-campus classroom, from both a theoretical and practical perspective. The group of students was composed of 28 physicians and microbiologists with diverse profiles from 20 Brazilian cities. Two reasons students gave for their participation were the need for scheduling flexibility and the need for a place to learn that would not require absence from their place of work. The performance demonstrated by the group during the course was satisfactory. A year after finishing the course, visits were made to the students work environments to correlate performance with the changes made in routine microbiological practice. A significant difference was found between the rates of change in microbiological practices conducted in the workplaces of the students before and after their participation in the course; 76.9% of modified procedures were verified. In subjective evaluation, the participants reported that the course promoted behavioral changes and that they would return to enroll in a similar educational model. The qualification stimulated professional autonomy. The use of interactive technologies allowed the participation of professionals from various regions of the country, representing an alternative to the innovation of teaching in clinical microbiology. The results indicate prospects for the consolidation of the use of interactive tele-education to create programs of continuing education

The mining industry is constantly under pressure to improve productivity, effciency and safety. Although an increased use of automation technology has the potential of con- tributing to improvements in all three factors mines have been relatively slow to make use of automation technology. Automation in the underground mining environment is a challenging prospect for a number of reasons not least of which being the diffculties and associated costs of installing infrastructure in this hazardous environment. The work described in this dissertation focuses on the modelling of a Load-Haul-Dump or LHD vehicle for the purpose of autonomous navigation and control. Considerable progress has been made in automating underground mining vehicles in recent years, and successful test installations have been made. There are still however a number of shortcomings in the existing autonomous underground mine vehicle navigation systems. This dissertation attempts to address some of these problems through the development of a more accurate vehicle model for an LHD vehicle incorporating some vehicle and tyre dynamics thereby potentially reducing the number of sensors and the amount of installed infrastructure necessary to implement the vehicle navigation system. Simulation results are provided for different vehicle modelling techniques and the results are compared and discussed in terms of their suitability for physical implementation in an underground mine. / Dissertation (MEng (Electronic Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / MEng / unrestricted

Due to the worldwide people ageing phenomenon, the health care at home (home care), a more humanized and cost saving method, for elderly people and long term care, is nowadays more and more usual. The problem is to assure prompt help when needed. A surveillance system can be the solution to improve caregiver awareness and patient safeness. This work investigates the possibility of indoor sounds direction of arrival detection, selection and determination, attempting to find out signals of a patient fall or collapse. The sounds after an acoustic event are recorded using a microphone array. If they pass the selection criteria, they are processed by a Direction of Arrival (DOA) detection algorithm. Five DOA algorithms were implemented and evaluated empirically. Three of them are already known, nominally, Generalized Cross Correlation (GCC), Generalized Cross Correlation - Phase Transform (GCC-PHAT), Degenerate Unmixing and Estimation Technique (DUET), and two are proposed at this work, Atack Border Detector and Spectrogram Technique. Performances were evaluated by taking the home care perspective into account. / Devido ao fenômeno global do envelhecimento da populacão, o tratamento domiciliar - home care - torna-se mais comum a cada dia, especialmente para os casos de tratamentos longos, por tratar-se de um método terapêutico mais humano e econômico. O problema decorrente desta prática é como assegurar uma rápida intervenção caso necessário. Um sistema de vigilância médica pode ser a solução para manter os cuidadores informados e aumentar a segurança dos pacientes. Neste trabalho é investigada a possibilidade de se detectar, selecionar e determinar a direção de chegada de sons recebidos por sensores instalados em um ambiente interno, com o objetivo de diagnosticar uma situacão de emergência, tal como uma queda do paciente. Usando um arranjo de microfones, após a detecção de um evento acústico alvo, os sons são gravados para análise. Ao passarem pelo critério de seleção, os sons são processados por um algoritmo de estimação de ângulo de chegada - Direction of Arrival (DOA). Cinco estimadores de DOA foram implementados e comparados empiricamente, sendo tr es existentes, a saber, a Correlacão Cruzada Generalizada - Generalized Cross Correlation - (GCC), a Correlação Cruzada Generalizada com Transformação de Fase - Generalized Cross Correlation - Phase Transform - (GCC-PHAT), a Técnica de Estimação e Separação de Sinais Degenerados - Degenerate Unmixing and Estimation Technique - (DUET); e dois novos algoritmos propostos neste trabalho, tendo sido denominados Detector de Borda de Ataque e Técnica do Espectrograma. Ao final, através da perspectiva da televigilância médica, avaliou-se o desempenho dos mesmos.

La investigación parte de las dificultades y problemas detectados en el aprendizaje del Dibujo Técnico en los alumnos de bachillerato dentro del aula. Desde este punto de partida nos planteamos, intentar mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza, ayudando a los alumnos a desarrollar la capacidad espacial y el razonamiento abstracto con un aprendizaje no memorístico aportando una nueva metodología educativa, basada en el empleo de programas informáticos (procesadores matemáticos) como Cabri 2D-3D, unido a la optimización de los recursos existentes en la mayoría de los centros, se crea un nuevo espacio educativo; el alumno ya no sólo aprende en clase sino que dado su mayor nivel de compromiso en el proceso de aprendizaje: trabaja, dibuja, pregunta fuera del aula, se rompe espacio temporal tradicional, optimiza así su tiempo y obtiene mejores resultados con el esfuerzo realizado. Este mayor compromiso del alumno en su aprendizaje hace que el profesor sea un inductor o conductor de todo el proceso, no sólo dentro del aula, no debemos olvidar que la figura del profesor no se elimina en ningún caso, y que se puede trabajar desde cualquier otro lugar, desde la WEB de clase. Tras un largo proceso de reflexión y búsqueda de trabajos realizados anteriormente, analizando las aportaciones y propuestas de los diferentes autores, realizando prácticas con los alumnos, unido al seguimiento de cursos para profesores y sobre todo la valoración de las ventajas e inconvenientes del método propuesto realizado por los diferentes indicadores utilizados, podemos afirmar que tras la experiencia y los resultados obtenidos queda demostrado que: - Los alumnos con ejercicios adecuados, desarrollan sus capacidades espaciales con un aprendizaje progresivo, interactivo, no memorístico y creativo. Los alumnos con mayores dificultades de aprendizaje, en general mejoran sus resultados. Los alumnos pueden llevar diferentes ritmos de trabajo y/o aprendizaje. Aumenta en general el interés de los alumnos por el Dibujo Técnico. Aumenta el interés en aquellos alumnos que con la enseñanza tradicional estaban desmotivados y/o en riesgo de abandonar la materia. Mejoran en la exactitud del trazado y reducen el tiempo de trabajo aprovechando las ventajas de las nuevas tecnologías. Disponer de estas nuevas herramientas y aplicaciones para el aula es tarea de 'todos' y llegar a la integración real de las TIC dentro de las programaciones didácticas del Dibujo Técnico, es el objeto de esta investigación. / Torres Buitrago, RJ. (2010). Aplicación de la metodología interactiva del dibujo técnico en la enseñanza secundaria con el programa CABRI 2D-3D [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/7028 / Palancia