This study promotes the notion that it is important for the family to be treated as a unit. It highlights the importance of parents understanding and respecting their children as unique human beings instead of regarding them as „carbon copies‟ of themselves. The study further stresses the importance of parents being included as important variables within the therapeutic process with a child. For parents to understand and recognise their child‟s needs, knowledge of the child‟s temperament is required. Knowledge of the nature of temperament leads to parents having a better understanding of their children‟s behaviour and consequently fewer frustrations within the parent-child interaction arise. The study aimed to utilise a practice-based ecometric model to assess temperament and preference functions that assist in enhancing the parent-child interaction. In order to address the aim of study, the practice-based ecometric model needed to include a temperament sorter as a tool to obtain information regarding temperament and preference functions. However, in practice there is no instrument/tool or temperament sorter to determine temperament and preference functions in children that may be used by professionals, such as social workers, who are not trained as psychologists. The design and development (D&D) model was considered an appropriate design for this study because it lends itself to the use of a multi-phase research approach. During Phase 1 the research problem was analysed and the project was planned accordingly. A literature study was undertaken during Phase 2 to explore and describe the different components required within a practice-based ecometric model that assesses temperament and preference functions, as well as the different dimensions required within the temperament sorter. Phase 2 was concluded after the researcher explored how the ecometric perspective could contribute to the development of an ecometric temperament sorter. Phase 3, Step 1 and Phase 4, Steps 1-3 involved a quantitative process where item analysis of the prototype was explored with the assistance of a panel of experts and designed using the Delphi method. The prototype temperament sorter was pilot tested for reliability using equivalent or parallel form reliability. To assess if the designed temperament sorter, when used within the practice-based ecometric model, assisted in enhancing the parent-child interaction, the one-group pre-test post-test design was followed during Phase 5, Steps 1-2. Qualitative data were obtained from parents through pre-test semi-structured interviews. Through the completion of the designed temperament sorter, quantitative data were obtained regarding the temperament and preference functions of participating children. During a feedback session, each child‟s temperament and preference functions were qualitatively explained to parents. In order to give the parents ample time to rethink and familiarise themselves practically with the given information, post-test semi-structured interviews with the parents were held four weeks later. The aim was to assess the extent to which the designed temperament sorter contributed to strengthen the parent-child interaction. The designed product successfully assisted in addressing the aim of the study. All the research questions were successfully answered. Dissemination and marketing of a practice-based ecometric model and designed temperament sorter will take place after completion of the research project. / PhD (Social Work), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The relationship between maternal sensitivity (MS) and child outcomes has been examined by earlier research. There is some evidence that MS plays a role in shaping temperament development in early childhood. Child temperament outcomes are a significant predictor for functioning in later life. The study is based on 952 mother-infant pairs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). MS was observed at 12-months and temperament at 24-months. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between MS and temperament, adjusting for a range of confounders (temperament at 6 months, gender, SES, maternal mental health, maternal preconceptions of her child, parental conflict, gestation and maternal age). Multiple imputation was used to account for attrition. Mother-child interactions rated as “cool/moderate” were associated with more difficult temperament on the dimensions of “approach” (Coef 0.35, CI 0.09, 0.60),“rhythmicity”(Coef 0.43, CI 0.19, 0.68) and “adaptability” (Coef 0.24, CI 0.00, 0.49). The associations remained after adjusting for confounders in the imputed data set. There is evidence that maternal warmth may be influential in the development of child temperament, particularly positive affect, sociability and affect regulation. Further research is needed to replicate these findings.

A sensitive parent-child relationship is essential in ensuring the healthy mental and physical development of an individual. Parental sensitivity can be affected by parent characteristics, such parental competence and resources as well as child characteristics, such as negative reactivity. The combination of how these parent and infant factors predict parental sensitivity has not been examined with both mothers and fathers. The current study involved 30, 4-month old infants and their mothers and fathers. Parents completed questionnaires measuring infant temperament and parental competence. They also participated in a demographic interview to measure family resources, as well as a dyadic parent-infant face-to-face play task to measure parental sensitivity. Results involving mothers indicated a moderating effect of infant temperament (e.g., negative reactivity) on the associations between parental competence (e.g., self-efficacy) and parental sensitivity. Whereas for fathers, results indicated significant main effects of infant temperament (e.g., orienting) and parental competence (e.g., self-efficacy) on parental sensitivity. The current study gives evidence and support that it is a combination of both parent characteristics and infant characteristics that affects parental sensitivity. However, this combination of characteristics is different for mothers and fathers, indicating that different factors play a part in parenting behaviors for mothers and fathers.

M.A. / The literature indicates that journalists who experience work related traumatic situations, are at risk for the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Teegen & Grotwinkel, 2001). Moreover, some journalists who develop this disorder do so after covering a relatively minor traumatic story (Castle, 2001). Certain temperament traits have been implicated as vulnerabilities to the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in police officers (Henning, 1999). Few research studies have investigated temperament and sense of coherence as mediating factors for occupational stress in journalists exposed to trauma. The aim of the present study was to address this dearth by investigating whether there are statistically significant differences in the experience of trauma, temperament traits and sense of coherence of journalists with varied responses to occupational stress and trauma. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised was used to divide journalists into three groups, namely those with minor reactions to trauma (n=10), moderate reactions (n=24) and severe reactions of clinical importance (n=16). The first group of hypotheses posed in the study pertains to group differences and postulates that the three groups will have statistically significant differences regarding trauma exposure. The second group of hypotheses deals with group differences and postulates that the three groups of journalists will differ regarding certain temperament dimensions. The third group of hypotheses formulated for the study proposes group differences regarding sense of coherence. Analysis of Variance followed by the Scheffé post hoc multiple comparisons technique indicated statistically significant differences between the three groups regarding experience of trauma as measured by the Trauma Questionnaire; certain temperament-personality traits as measured by the Personality Assessment Inventory and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire; and sense of coherence as measured by The Sense of Coherence Questionnaire. The study revealed that the group with severe reactions to stress and trauma had been exposed to intense trauma involving people and that they report significant emotional reactions to the trauma. The Personality Assessment Inventory indicated that the severe reactions group has temperament profiles characterised by somatic complaints, anxiety, depression, paranoia, borderline features, aggression, suicidal ideation, stress and treatment rejection. This group also showed greater neuroticism-anxiety and aggression-hostility prone temperament types than the other two groups as well as lower comprehensibility and manageability as indicated by the Sense of Coherence Scale. The results of the present study exhibit support that there are various factors that could have an impact on how journalists deal with the traumatic stories they cover and what their personal outcomes are after covering these stories. Journalists who develop severe PTSD have different perceptions of the trauma, temperament profiles and sense of coherence that impact on their ways of coping with the traumatic situations they face daily. Criticism of the study deals mainly with gender, age, race and the subjects' pre-testing history, which were not controlled for. Another possible shortcoming of the research is that the journalists were sourced from main stream publications as well as community papers. This might have had an impact on the amount and type of trauma the journalists were exposed to. It would have been preferable to include a greater number of participants in the study to more efficiently address the many variables. Lastly, pre-trauma temperament traits were not controlled for, due to the complexity and ethical complications involved in the subject matter. It is recommended that age, gender, race, pre-testing history and pre-trauma traits is controlled. This will however require a large sample of journalists, which was not available for the present study. It would also be beneficial to compare frequency and type of trauma exposure, PTSD and temperament in a comparative study where community journalists are compared with main stream journalists. Lastly, the development of South African measures for temperament, PTSD and trauma would be highly advantageous to this field of research.

Many studies have examined the relationship between a child’s temperament and its effect on his or her early language development. However, few studies have investigated the detrimental effects a child’s negative affectivity may have on their language development and potential ways these effects may be limited through parental behaviors. The current study aimed to investigate if physical or verbal maternal scaffolding behaviors moderated the effect negative affect has on language development. Although it was expected that maternal encouragement of physical activity would play a moderating role in the relationship between temperament and language development, no such relationship was found. One explanation for these findings is the operationalization of maternal scaffolding behaviors in the present study; previous studies have also included instances of emotional and motivational scaffolding. Future efforts should aim to incorporate a broader range of potential scaffolding behaviors in their coding protocols.

A presente Tese teve por objetivo verificar a relação entre dor, temperamento e problemas de comportamento em crianças com queixa de dor de cabeça. Para a realização deste objetivo, foram desenvolvidos três objetivos específicos: 1) identificar a prevalência de dor em uma amostra de crianças cadastradas em Núcleos de Atenção Primária do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF); 2) comparar dois grupos de crianças diferenciados em relação à presença de queixa de dor de cabeça, quanto a temperamento e problemas de comportamento e 3) identificar o melhor modelo de predição de queixa de dor de cabeça em crianças na fase pré-escolar. A amostra foi composta de 75 crianças e suas mães, as quais pertenciam a famílias cadastradas em Núcleos de Atenção Primária do PSF. De forma a atender ao segundo objetivo, a amostra foi distribuída em dois grupos, de acordo com a presença de queixas de dor de cabeça das crianças, que foi referida pela mãe, por meio do Questionário sobre histórico de saúde, queixa de dor e desenvolvimento da criança, sendo 22 crianças com queixa de dor de cabeça (Grupo CD) e 53 crianças sem esta queixa (Grupo SD). A coleta de dados foi realizada em visitas domiciliares com entrevistas com as mães. Na primeira entrevista foram aplicados a SCID Não- Paciente- Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para DSM III-R, o Questionário da Associação Brasileira de Estudos Populacionais, a Escala de Eventos Vitais, o Teste de Cefaléia e o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para adultos de Lipp. Na segunda entrevista foram aplicados o Inventário de Comportamentos para as idades 1 ½- 5 anos (CBCL for ages 1 ½- 5), o Questionário de Comportamento da Criança (CBQ) e o Questionário sobre histórico de saúde, queixa de dor e desenvolvimento da criança. Foi realizada a análise de comparação entre grupos de crianças distribuídas de acordo com a presença de queixa de dor de cabeça referida pela mãe. A fim de identificar o melhor modelo de predição de queixa de dor de cabeça das crianças na fase pré-escolar, referida pela mãe, utilizou-se da análise de regressão logística. De acordo com os resultados, na análise de comparação entre grupos independentes, em relação ao temperamento, as crianças com queixa de dor de cabeça apresentaram significativamente mais desconforto quando comparadas as crianças sem esta queixa. Em relação aos problemas de comportamento, as crianças com queixa de dor de cabeça apresentaram significativamente mais problemas totais de comportamento, de internalização e externalização, sendo que os problemas totais e internalizantes apresentaram níveis de classificação clínica, quando comparadas às crianças sem esta queixa. As crianças do grupo com queixa de dor de cabeça apresentaram mais comportamento agressivo no eixo externalizante e, reação emocional, queixas somáticas e retraimento no eixo internalizantes, em relação às crianças do grupo sem esta queixa. A fim de verificar as variáveis preditoras da presença de queixa de dor de cabeça das crianças pré-escolares, foi testado um modelo de predição, utilizando-se a análise de regressão logística, o qual identificou a presença de sintomas de enxaqueca materna foi a melhor preditora da presença de queixa de dor de cabeça em crianças pré-escolares. Os achados apontam que crianças pré-escolares com queixa de dor de cabeça são vulneráveis a apresentarem mais queixas de dor e problemas de comportamento com classificação clinica quando comparadas às crianças sem esta queixa. / The aim of the present study was to verify the relation between pain, temperament and behavior problems in children with headache complaints at preschool age. Three specifics objectives were carried out: 1) to identify the pain prevalence in the children registered in the Family Health Program of School Health Center; 2) to assess temperament and behavior problems in children with headache in comparison to children with no headache; 3) to identify the predictors for headache in preschool children. The sample was composed of 75 children from three to five years old and their mothers, registered in the Family Health Program of School Health Center. To attend the second objective, the sample was allocated into two groups, according of the presence of headache complaints in children, based in the mothers report. The Health History, the pain complaints and the developmental of children Questionnaire was used to investigate health history and headache complaints in children. The Group H including 22 children with headache complaints and Group NH, including 53 children without these complaints. The data collection was carried out by an expert researcher in two sessions with the mothers. In the first interview, the following instruments were used for data collection: the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM - III - R / SCID Non Patient, the Brazilian Association of Market Research Institutes Questionnaire, the Life Events Scale, the Brazilian Headache Society Test, the Stress Symptom for Adults Lipps Inventory. And in the second interview, the following instruments were used: Childrens Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL) and Health history, pain complaints and development of children Questionnaire. Comparison between groups for independent samples was done. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify the variables that predicted the presence of headache complaints in preschool children. Spearman correlations coefficient were calculated. According to the results, in relation to temperament, there was statistical difference between groups in the Discomfort dimension of the temperament. Children with headache complaints presented higher discomfort mean score compared to the group with no headache. In relation to behavior problems, the results showed that children with headache complaints presented more total problems, Externalizing and Internalizing problems than children with no complaints. Moreover, most of the children with headache complaints had higher percentage of the clinical index for Total problems and Internalizing problems than group of the children with no headache. Children with headache complaints exhibited higher T-scores on Aggressive Behavior, Emotionally Reactive, Somatic Complaints and Withdrawn than children with no complaints. The prediction model analyzed through logistic regression revealed only the presence of headache symptoms in mothers as a predictor of presence of headache complaints in preschool children. In conclusion, these findings suggest that preschool children with headache complaints and with mothers with headache are vulnerable to exhibit more pain complaints and behavior problems with index clinical compared to the children with no headache.

O estudo teve como objetivo adaptar a avaliação comportamental dos equinos durante manejos de rotina como metodologia da averiguação da reatividade dos animais. Para isso foram realizados dois experimentos, o primeiro identificou as variáveis relacionadas à expressão da reatividade dos equinos durante manejos de rotina; e o segundo avaliou a reatividade dos equinos frente à presença de um estímulo sonoro desconhecido durante o manejo habitual de escovação. O primeiro desenvolvido em um criatório de equinos da raça Lusitano situado na cidade de Itapira, SP, avaliou 364 animais de diferentes idades, constituindo 188 éguas adultas reprodutoras e 176 potros (machos e fêmeas), durante os manejos de casqueamento, aplicação de vermífugo, vacinação, tosa, manejos reprodutivos como, palpação, rufiação, lavagem para cobertura, cobertura, inseminação artificial e infusão uterina. A reatividade foi estimada pela atribuição de escores aos comportamentos de: movimentação; posição das orelhas e dos olhos, respiração, vocalização, velocidade de fuga, e micção. Também foi conferida uma variável resposta denominada de reatividade, com variação de escore de reatividade 1 (atribuída ao animal não reativo ou calmo) até escore de reatividade 4 (atribuída ao animal muito reativo ou agressivo). A verificação das possíveis variáveis (idade, sexo e comportamento), que explicam a variável resposta (reatividade), foi feita pelo modelo ordinal de odds proporcionais. Este comprovou que os maiores escores de reatividade estão associados aos potros (P<0,01). Da mesma forma foi comprovado que os maiores escores dos comportamentos de movimentação, posição das orelhas e olhos e os escores de respiração e vocalização não inferiores a 2 estão associados a maiores escores de reatividade (P<0,01). No segundo experimento desenvolvido em um criatório de Mangalarga Marchador situado na cidade de Amparo, SP, foram observados durante o manejo habitual de escovação 20 animais de diferentes idades, sendo 10 éguas e 10 potros, divididos em dois tratamentos. No primeiro (N=10, tratamento controle) os animais foram avaliados sem estímulo desconhecido, e no segundo (N=10, tratamento com estímulo sonoro desconhecido) os animais foram observados na presença do som de um chocalho e um tamborim. A reatividade foi estimada pela atribuição de escores aos mesmos comportamentos do primeiro experimento, exceto a velocidade de fuga. Ao final da observação foi atribuído um escore de reatividade final (variável resposta) com valores de 1 a 4 (não reativo ou calmo a muito reativo ou agressivo). Foi ajustado um modelo de regressão logística ordinal usando como covariáveis as categorias (categoria A: potros de 6 a 7 meses; categoria B: potros de 8 a 9 meses; categoria C: éguas de 2 a 6 anos; categoria D: éguas de 11 a 19 anos); o sexo (masculino e feminino), o dia (0, 1, 2, 3, 30, 31, 45, 46) e o tratamento (tratamento controle e tratamento com estímulo sonoro desconhecido). Os animais do tratamento com estímulo desconhecido apresentaram maior reatividade (P<0,01). Os dias do período experimental influenciaram a reatividade dos animais da categoria A (P<0,01), com diminuição das possibilidades dos animais dessa idade apresentarem maior reatividade. / The study aimed to adapt the evaluation of the horses\' behavior during routine managements as a method of investigating the reactivity of animals. Two experiments were conducted; the first recognized the variables related to the expression of the reactivity of horses during handling, and the second was done during usual brushing management against the presence of an unknown sonorous stimulus. The first experiment was developed in a farm of Lusitano horses located in Itapira, SP, where 364 animals of different ages were evaluated, representing 188 adult mares and 176 foals (males and females) during the managements hooves trimming, vermifuge application, vaccination, leathering, breeding managements as palpation, ruffian presentation, wash to cover, cover, artificial insemination and uterine infusion. The reactivity was estimated by assigning scores to behaviors: movement, position of ears and eyes, breathing, vocalization, flight speed, and urination. A response variable called reactivity was attributed to the animal, ranging from reactivity score 1 (attributed to the animal not reactive or calm) to reactivity score 4 (attributed to the animal very reactive or aggressive). The verification of the possible variables (age, sex, and behavior), which explain the response variable (reactivity), was taken by ordinal proportional odds model. This proved that higher reactivity scores are associated with foals. Likewise it was proven that the higher scores of the behaviors of movement, position of ears and eyes and breathing and vocalization scores of no less than 2 are associated with higher reactivity scores (P<0.01). In the second experiment developed in a farm of Mangalarga Marchador horses located in Amparo, SP, the 20 animals of different ages (10 mares and 10 foals) were observed during usual brushing management, and they were divided into two treatments. In the first (N = 10, control) animals were evaluated without stimulation unknown, and the second (N = 10, treatment with unknown sonorous stimulus) the animals were observed in the presence of the sound stimulus from a rattle and a tambourine. The reactivity was estimated by assigning scores to the same behaviors of the first experiment, except for flight speed. At the end of the observation it was assigned a final reactivity score (response variable) for each animal, varying from 1 to 4 (non-reactive or calm to very reactive or aggressive). For statistical analysis, the results were adjusted to a logistic regression model using the categories as covariates (category A foals 6 to 7 months, category B: foals 8 to 9 months; Category C: mares 2 to 6 years; category D: mares 11 to 19 years), sex (male and female), day (0, 1, 2, 3, 30, 31, 45, 46) and treatment (control and treatment with unknown stimulus). The animals of the treatment unknown stimuli showed greater reactivity (P<0.01). The days of the experimental period influenced the reactivity of animals in category A (P<0,01), with a decrease in the possibilities of animals in this category to have a higher reactivity.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Orientador: Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa / Coorientador: Aline Cristina Sant'Anna / Banca: Flávio Dutra de Resende / Banca: Evaldo Antonio Lencioni Titto / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de duas diferentes frequências de manejo sobre o temperamento de bovinos de corte mantidos à pasto; além de avaliar a associação entre o temperamento dos animais e seu ganho de peso médio diário (GMD), em cada uma das condições de manejo. Foram avaliados 2.007 bovinos mantidos em manejo frequente (MF), caracterizado pelo uso do método de pastejo de lotação rotativa e manejos mensais no curral para pesagem dos animais; e 1593 animais mantidos em manejo pouco frequente (MPF), caracterizado pelo uso do método de pastejo de lotação alternada, e levados ao curral semestralmente. Foram avaliadas três características indicadoras do temperamento: o escore composto de reatividade (ECR); velocidade de saída (VS em m/s) e a avaliação qualitativa do temperamento (QBA), durante os manejos no curral em três fazendas comerciais. O GMD dos animais foi calculado para uma das propriedades em ambas as condições de manejo. Para análise estatística foi utilizada análise de variância, com aplicação do procedimento GLM do SAS. Para a análise dos dados da QBA foi utilizada o procedimento de Análise de Fatores, gerando um índice qualitativo de temperamento (IQT) para cada animal. Para a avaliação do efeito da frequência de manejo sobre a QBA, foi aplicada ANOVA de uma via, que incluiu o IQT como variável dependente e o efeito da frequência de manejo como variável independente. Para a avaliação da associação entre o temperamento e o GMD em função da frequência de manejo foram utilizadas correlações residuais de GMD com VS, ECR e IQT, obtidas com o procedimento GLM (MANOVA) do SAS, considerando o efeito fixo de lote e a idade do animal no momento da avaliação como co-variável de efeito linear para o MPF. Já para o MF foi utilizada correlação de Pearson, pois todos os animais pertenciam a um mesmo lote, sem efeito significativo de ... / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different handling frequencies on beef cattle temperament kept on pasture; and to evaluate the association between the animals' temperament and their daily weight gain under each management condition. 2,007 animals kept in the 'frequent handling condition' (MF) - characterized by using rotational grazing method with monthly managements in the corral were assessed; and compared to 1593 animals kept in the 'less frequent handling condition' (MPF) - characterized by using the alternate stock grazing method, and taken to the corral every six months. Three different temperament indicators were used for the assessment: 1) reactivity composed score (ECR); 2) flight speed (VS in m/s); and 3) qualitative behaviour assessment (QBA). The tests were held during the management in the corral on three commercial farms. The animals' average daily weight gain (ADG) was calculated for one of the properties in both management conditions. Firstly a variance analysis was made, applying the GLM procedure from SAS. For the QBA, it was held a Factor Analysis, generating a temperament qualitative index (IQT) for each animal. For assessing the effect of the handling frequency on the QBA, it was applied the one-way ANOVA, which included the IQT as a dependent variable and the effect of handling frequency as an independent variable. To test the association between temperament and average daily weight gain (ADG), residual correlations of ADG with VS, ECR and IQT were obtained with the GLM (MANOVA) procedure from SAS for MPF condition. Hence, the handling frequency was used as a function, considering the groups as a fixed effect and the age of the animals at the time of evaluation as a linear effect covariable at this condition. For the MF condition, it was used The Pearson Correlation, since all the animals belonged to the same group, showing no ... / Mestre

Orientador: Luigi Faucitano / Coorientador: Mateus José Paranhos da Costa / Coorientador: Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz / Banca: Evaldo Antõnio Lencioni Titto / Banca: Flávio Dutra de Resende / Banca: Wignez Henrique / Banca: Roberto de Oliveira Roça / Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos do temperamento de bovinos confinados em diferentes disponibilidades de espaço (6, 12, e 24 m2/animal) no desempenho, na qualidade da carcaça e da carne bem como no bem-estar animal. Como objetivos específicos, destacamos: 1) avaliar os efeitos do espaço disponível no temperamento; 2) avaliar os efeitos do temperamento no desempenho e na qualidade da carcaça e da carne de bovinos confinados em diferentes disponibilidades de espaço; 3) avaliar os efeitos do temperamento na morfometria das glândulas adrenais e suas relações com a disponibilidade de espaço; 4) determinar a relação entre a morfometria das glândulas adrenais e a severidade dos hematomas nas carcaças bovinas, em diferentes disponibilidades de espaço. Foram avaliados 1.350 machos inteiros (450 Nelore e 900 cruzados Angus ou Caracu x Nelore) criados no pasto e terminados em um confinamento comercial. Temperamento foi avaliado pelo teste de velocidade de saída (VS) nos dias 0 (VS0), 35 (VS35) e 87 (ou dia final: VSfin) do período de confinamento. Desempenho, características de qualidade da carcaça, pH24h da carne, morfometria da adrenal e severidade dos hematomas nas carcaças foram avaliados. A VS diminuiu ao longo do período de confinamento (p < 0.01). No geral, VS não diferiu entre os animais mantidos em diferentes disponibilidades de espaço (p = 0.79) nem entre raças (p = 0.16). Interação entre espaço disponível e raça ou entre espaço disponível e VS0 ou VSfin não apresentaram nenhum efeito sobre as variáveis de desempenho ou características de qualidade de carcaça e carne (p > 0.05). Entretanto, animais calmos de acordo com a VSfin tiveram maior ganho de peso do dia 0 ao 35 (p < 0.0001) e estavam mais pesados no dia 35º (p < 0.0001) e 87º (p < 0.01) dia do confinamento e, consequentemente, produziram carcaças mais pesadas (p < 0.01) comparados aos intermediários e reativos / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bulls' temperament kept at three different space allowances (6, 12, and 24 m2/animal) on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality traits and animal welfare. The specific objectives were: 1) to evaluate the effects of space allowance on bulls' temperament; 2) to evaluate the effects of temperament on growth performance, carcass and meat quality traits of beef cattle kept in different space allowance; 3) to evaluate the effects of temperament on adrenal gland morphometric and its relationship to space allowance; 4) to determine the relationship between adrenal gland morphometric and bruise severity on the carcass, at different space allowance. The study was conducted using 1,350 bulls (450 Nellore and 900 cross-bred Angus or Caracu x Nellore) raised on pasture and finished in a commercial feedlot. Temperament was assessed by the flight speed (FS) test on day 0 (FS0), 35 (FS35) and 87 (or last day; FSfin) of the feedlot period. Feedlot growth performances, carcass quality traits and meat pH24, adrenal gland morphometry and severity of bruises in carcasses were assessed. Flight speed decreased over time (p < 0.01) during the feedlot period. Overall FS neither differed between bulls kept at different space allowances (p = 0.79) nor between breeds (p = 0.16). The interaction between space allowance and breed or between FS0 and FSfin had no influence on any performance or carcass quality traits (p > 0.05). However, calm bulls according FSfin had greater average daily gain from day 0 to 35 (p < 0.0001), were heavier on the 35th (p < 0.0001) and on the 87th (p < 0.01) day in the feedlot and, consequently, produced heavier carcasses (p < 0.01) than intermediate and reactive ones, which did not differ between them. Regardless of space allowance or breed, reactive bulls according to FS0 had heavier adrenal glands (p < 0.01) and with ... / Doutor