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"Det som är i rörelse, fortsätter vara i rörelse" : Varför förlorande projekt inte terminerasAndrén, Axel, Mild, Linus, Oscar January 2020 (has links)
ABSTRACT Date: 2020-06-09 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Axel Andrén Linus Mild (93/09/24) (93/10/19) Title: “What's in motion, remains in motion” - Why losing projects aren’t terminated Tutor: Johan Grinbergs Keywords: Behavioral biases, losing projects, terminate, permissive climate, rationalization Research questions: How does behavioral biases contribute to the continuation of losing projects? What is the general consciousness about the biases within larger organizations and is there any signs of post rationalization of irrational actions? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and examine in what ways behavioral biases cause irrational decision making in larger companies. The study also intends to examine project managers consciousness about these biases and weather any deficiency indicates post-rationalization. Method: This study is based on a qualitative method with a deductive approach where the primary data was collected via semi-structured interviews. The theoretical framework with relevance to the purpose of the study formed an interview guide as well as formed the analysis chapter together with the collected empirical data. The analysis made the basis for the study's conclusion. Conclusion: The behavioral biases are mainly consistent of prestige and sunk costs. The reason for this is can be related to the size of the organization. Other biases are not as evident within larger organizations as these are more apparent in individuals. The consciousness about what impact the behavioral biases have on decisions is found to be low among the respondents. They would like to think of their decisions as rational while we can distinguish behavioral biases causing post rationalization of irrational actions.
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Parallelized QC-LDPC Decoder ona GPU : An evaluation targeting LDPC codes adhering to the 5G standard / Paralleliserad QC-LDPC-avkodare på en GPU : En utvärdering av LDPC-koder som följer 5G-standardenHedlund, Olivia January 2024 (has links)
Over the last ten years, there has been an incremental growth of mobile network data traffic. The evolution leading to the development of 5G stands as a testament to the increased demands for high speed networks. Channel coding plays a pivotal role in 5G networks, making it possible to recover messages from errors introduced when sent through the network. Channel decoding is however a time consuming task for a receiver, and making optimization to this process could therefore have a significant impact on receiver processing time. Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are one of the channel coding schemes used in the 5G standard. These codes could benefit from parallel processing, making Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) with their parallel computation abilities a possible platform for effective LDPC decoding. In this thesis, our goal is to evaluate a GPU as a platform for 5G LDPC decoding. The LDPC codes adhering to the 5G standard belong to the Quasi-Cyclic LDPC (QC-LDPC) subclass. Optimizations targeting this subclass, as well as other optimization techniques, are implemented in our thesis project to promote fast execution times. A GPU-based decoder is evaluated against a Central Processing Unit (CPU)-based decoder, written with Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) and C++ respectively. The functionally equivalent decoders implement the layered offset Min-Sum Algorithm (MSA) with early termination to decode messages. Execution time for the decoders were measured while varying message size, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and maximum iterations. Additionaly, we evaluated the decoders with and without including early termination, and also evaluated the GPU-decoder when it was integrated into a MATLAB 5G channel simulator used by Tietoevry. The results from the experiments showed that the GPU-based decoder experienced up to 4.3 times faster execution than the CPU-based decoder for message sizes ranging from 3000-12000 bits. The GPU-based decoder however experienced a higher baseline execution time, making the CPU-based decoder faster for smaller message sizes. It was also concluded that the benefit of including early termination in the decoder generally outweighs the cost of additional processing time. / Under de senaste tio åren har det skett en gradvis ökning av datatrafik i mobilnät. Utvecklingen som lett till framtagandet av 5G står som ett bevis på de ökade kraven på höghastighetsnätverk. Kanalkodning spelar en avgörande roll i 5G- nätverk, vilket gör det möjligt att återställa meddelanden från fel som uppstår när de skickas genom nätverket. Kanalavkodning är dock en tidskrävande uppgift för en mottagare, och optimering av denna process kan därför ha en betydande inverkan på mottagarens exekveringstider. LDPC-koder är en av de kanalkoder som används i 5G-standarden. Dessa koder kan dra nytta av parallell bearbetning, vilket gör GPUs med deras parallella beräkningsförmåga till en möjlig plattform för effektiv LDPC- avkodning. I denna masteruppsats är vårt mål att utvärdera en GPU som en plattform för 5G LDPC- avkodning. LDPC-koder som följer 5G-standarden tillhör underklassen QC-LDPC. Optimeringar som riktar sig mot denna underklass, samt andra optimeringstekniker, implementeras i vårt avhandlingsprojekt för att främja snabba exekveringstider. En GPU-baserad avkodare utvärderas mot en CPU-baserad avkodare, skrivna med programspråken CUDA respektive C++. De funktionellt likvärdiga avkodarna implementerar den lagrade offset MSA med tidig terminering för att avkoda meddelanden. Exekveringstiden för avkodarna mättes medan meddelandestorlek, SNR och maximalt antal iterationer varierades. Vi utvärderade också avkodarna med och utan att inkludera tidig terminering, samt utvärderade GPU-avkodaren när den integrerats i en MATLAB 5G-kanalsimulator som används av Tietoevry. Resultaten från experimenten visade att den GPU-baserade avkodaren hade upp till 4.3 gånger snabbare exekvering än den CPU-baserade avkodaren för meddelandestorlekar mellan 3000 och 12000 bitar. Den GPU-baserade avkodaren hade dock en högre baslinje för exekveringstiden, vilket gjorde den CPU-baserade avkodaren snabbare för mindre meddelandestorlekar. Det konstaterades också att fördelen med att inkludera tidig terminering i avkodaren i allmänhet överväger kostnaden för ytterligare bearbetningstid.
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Die verkenning van faktore wat lei tot voortydige terminering van terapeutiese dienslewering aan seksueel-mishandelde kinders by Tygerbeer eenheidVisagie, Elizabeth Ann 02 1900 (has links)
Exploration of factors that lead to early termination of therapeutic services to sexually
abused children at TygerBear Unit.
Some children referred to TygerBear Unit because of sexual abuse did not complete their
therapeutic intervention programmes and possibly did not receive sufficient time to work
through the trauma of sexual abuse. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore
and describe the factors that result in the early termination of sexually abused children’s
therapeutic services at TygerBear Unit. Applied research that is exploratory and
descriptive in nature, with the case study method as strategy, was followed. Data were
collected through telephonic and/or one-on-one semi-structured interviews, in addition to
the use of notes in personal records. Respondents included parents and/or caregivers of
children whose therapy was terminated early, as well as social workers involved with play
therapeutic service delivery to these children. Information was analysed with reference to
the Field Theory, Ecological Theory and the relevant literature. Several factors that
influenced parents and/or caregivers to terminate therapeutic services early were
identified. / Die verkenning van faktore wat lei tot voortydige terminering van terapeutiese
dienslewering aan seksueel-mishandelde kinders by TygerBeer Eenheid.
Sommige kinders wat na TygerBeer Eenheid verwys word weens seksuele mishandeling,
voltooi nie hul terapeutiese intervensieprogramme nie. Die kinders is moontlik nie genoeg
tyd gegun om deur die trauma van seksuele mishandeling te werk nie. Die doel van hierdie
kwalitatiewe studie was om faktore te verken en te beskryf wat lei tot die voortydige
terminering van terapeutiese dienslewering aan seksueel-mishandelde kinders by die
TygerBeer Eenheid. Toegepaste navorsing van 'n verkennende en beskrywende aard is
gebruik, met die gevallestudiemetode as strategie. Data is versamel deur middel van
telefoniese en/of een-tot-een semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude en persoonlike rekords.
Respondente het bestaan uit ouers en/of versorgers wat hul kinders of voogde se terapie
voortydig termineer het, asook maatskaplike werkers betrokke by spelterapeutiese
dienslewering aan kinders. lnligting is ontleed met verwysing na die Veldteorie en
Ekologiese Teorie, asook die relevante literatuur. Verskeie faktore is geidentifiseer wat
ouers en/of versorgers noodsaak om terapeutiese dienste voortydig te termineer. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)
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Verkenning van faktore wat lei tot voortydige terminering van terapeutiese dienslewering aan seksueel-mishandelde kinders by Tygerbeer eenheidVisagie, Elizabeth Ann 02 1900 (has links)
Exploration of factors that lead to early termination of therapeutic services to sexually
abused children at TygerBear Unit.
Some children referred to TygerBear Unit because of sexual abuse did not complete their
therapeutic intervention programmes and possibly did not receive sufficient time to work
through the trauma of sexual abuse. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore
and describe the factors that result in the early termination of sexually abused children’s
therapeutic services at TygerBear Unit. Applied research that is exploratory and
descriptive in nature, with the case study method as strategy, was followed. Data were
collected through telephonic and/or one-on-one semi-structured interviews, in addition to
the use of notes in personal records. Respondents included parents and/or caregivers of
children whose therapy was terminated early, as well as social workers involved with play
therapeutic service delivery to these children. Information was analysed with reference to
the Field Theory, Ecological Theory and the relevant literature. Several factors that
influenced parents and/or caregivers to terminate therapeutic services early were
identified. / Die verkenning van faktore wat lei tot voortydige terminering van terapeutiese
dienslewering aan seksueel-mishandelde kinders by TygerBeer Eenheid.
Sommige kinders wat na TygerBeer Eenheid verwys word weens seksuele mishandeling,
voltooi nie hul terapeutiese intervensieprogramme nie. Die kinders is moontlik nie genoeg
tyd gegun om deur die trauma van seksuele mishandeling te werk nie. Die doel van hierdie
kwalitatiewe studie was om faktore te verken en te beskryf wat lei tot die voortydige
terminering van terapeutiese dienslewering aan seksueel-mishandelde kinders by die
TygerBeer Eenheid. Toegepaste navorsing van 'n verkennende en beskrywende aard is
gebruik, met die gevallestudiemetode as strategie. Data is versamel deur middel van
telefoniese en/of een-tot-een semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude en persoonlike rekords.
Respondente het bestaan uit ouers en/of versorgers wat hul kinders of voogde se terapie
voortydig termineer het, asook maatskaplike werkers betrokke by spelterapeutiese
dienslewering aan kinders. lnligting is ontleed met verwysing na die Veldteorie en
Ekologiese Teorie, asook die relevante literatuur. Verskeie faktore is geidentifiseer wat
ouers en/of versorgers noodsaak om terapeutiese dienste voortydig te termineer. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)
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