O objetivo desta dissertação é apontar e descrever problemas de Terminologia referentes à variação diacrônica de uma terminologia, a partir da análise conceitual de duas estruturas referentes a dois modelos de processo (engenho e usina) de uma mesma área técnica - produção de açúcar -, separadas por um espaço determinado de tempo e submetidas a constantes revoluções lingüísticas e culturais. Para tanto, descrevemos quais fatores interferem nessas transformações; em que medida o grau de consolidação de um domínio representa sua sistematicidade; e procuramos comprovar, a partir de pesquisa diacrônica, que a dinâmica dos subsistemas de especialidades renova-se sob as mesmas regras de criação da língua geral. / The aim of this work is to point out and describe Terminology problems related to the diachronic variation of a terminology based on the conceptual analysis of two structures, concerning two process models (sugar plantation and factory) of a same technical area - sugar production, separated by a certain period of time and submitted to constant technological, linguistic and cultural revolutions. For this reason, we described the factors which interfere in those transformations; the manner that the consolidation level of a social sphere represents its systemic regularity; and we tried to prove, based on a diachronic research, that the dynamics of the speciality subsystems has the same functioning of the one that rules the general language.

A study was conducted to examine the effects of neutral and sex-specific terminology on sex stereotyping in regard to two primary questions: 1) whether or not the use of sex-neutral terminology alters subjects ' associations to particular words, and 2) whether, in the absence of gender identification, subjects make traditional sex-role assumptions about neutral terms. A third questions examined potential differences in male and female subjects' responses to neutral and sex-specific terminology. Using a semantic differential technique, 40 male and 40 female volunteer subjects described a number of occupations and roles identified by sex-specific or sex-unspecified labels. Descriptions of those identified by sex-specific labels were compared with descriptions of equivalent occupations or roles labelled in a sex-neutral way. Selected descriptions of equivalent occupations not identified by sex were compared to descriptions of equivalent occupations labelled with the sex-specific terms traditionally associated with them. In analyzing the data obtained, analyses of variance, along with one and two-tailed t-tests were used. Results indicated that subjects did respond differentially to sex-specific and sex-unspecified or neutral terminology. However, no significant differences were found in the responses of male and female subjects, indicating that sex is not a factor in reaction to sex-neutral language of this type. When scores on neutral terms were compared with scores on traditionally sex-specific terms, no significant differences were found. Thus, for roles traditionally associated more with one sex than the other, the use of so-called neutral terms did not appear to decrease sex stereotyping.

This study is an analysis of a translation of the text ”A Lotta Night Music: The Sound of Film Noir” written by Richard R. Ness. The study focuses on the adaption of film and music terminology as well as complex sentence structures for a new and broader target audience. The analysis was accomplished with the help of Marianne Lederer’s theory of deverbalization and re-expression. Furthermore, Vinay and Darbelnet’s methodology for translation was utilized along with Andrew Chesterman’s syntactic strategies in order to help clarify the restructuring.                       First of all, concerning film and music terminology, the main issue of interest was how to best adapt the terms for the target readers. From the analysis of various examples of difficult terminology it was concluded that the strategy best used for the different terms depends on the presupposed knowledge of the target reader. Whether you borrow, translate literally or adapt is a matter of how much the target reader knows beforehand.                       Secondly, as for the complex sentence structures of this highly academic text, the extensive, highly hypotactic sentences were extracted and broken down into shorter sentences while keeping the author’s message intact. In this way, the readability was increased and hence the text was adapted for a wider target audience. Moreover, the fact that readability increased was proven with the aid of LIX, a means of measuring the degree of difficulty of a specific text.                       Finally, it has been determined in this study that, although this particular text is still highly academic, breaking down overly long sentences generally helps to increase readability without compromising the author’s intended message.

Doctor's use of medical terms is generally considered to be one of the reasons for patients' poor comprehension of medical information. However, little research has been done on the effects of Chinese medical terms, which are constructed rather differently compared to English medical terms. This study manipulated the use of Chinese medical terms in a simulated clinical consultation, to investigate its effects on patients’ comprehension of medical information and their confidence for seeking further information. One hundred and eighty one eligible Hong Kong laypersons were randomly assigned to watch one of three video clips, which differed in the use of words explaining the underlying pathological changes and the treatment of prolapsed intervertebral disc: one with lay terms only (group 1), another with medical terms alone (group 2), and another one with medical terms supplemented with lay terms (group 3). After that, a computer-based questionnaire was used to assess the participants' comprehension of the information and confidence for seeking further information, followed by a semi-structured face-to-face interview on their perceptions of the utility of Chinese medical terms. Results suggested that although Chinese medical terms were perceived to be useful in assisting patients to look for further information on their diseases, the use of Chinese medical terms, either used with or without the supplements of lay terms, did not add to patients' comprehension of medical information and confidence for seeking further information. Regression models showed a significant trend of decreasing comprehension of the cause of the disease (β = -0.241, P = 0.002) and knowledge test scores (β = -0.214, P = 0.006) with increasing age of the participant. However, older persons had better comprehension of the word used (β = 0.238, P = 0.001). Participants' educational level was the most important determinant of knowledge test scores (β = 0.364, P < 0.001). In addition, persons with higher education (β = 0.207, P = 0.024), professional occupation (β = 0.173, P = 0.015) had better comprehension of the cause of disease. The findings of the study have implications for doctor-patient communication as well as medical education. To improve the effectiveness of doctor-patient communication, it may be more rewarding to enhance doctors' overall communication skills, rather than simply advocating their use or not use of medical language. / published_or_final_version / Anatomy / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-21T22:59:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 66c.pdf: 5089880 bytes, checksum: 46a67f49defdee13632d6f766c727ece (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-21T22:59:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 66c.pdf: 5089880 bytes, checksum: 46a67f49defdee13632d6f766c727ece (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Nenhuma / O propósito desta pesquisa é identificar como se institui a terminologia empresarial, bem como, reconhecer as principais características formais dos itens lexicais especializados usados nesse contexto profissional. Para tanto, realizamos um estudo de caso em duas empresas (Refap e Nokia), considerando dois focos de análise: (i) a constituição formal dos itens lexicais especializados; (ii) o tratamento dado às terminologias em documentos das empresas. O corpus da pesquisa é constituído de documentos internos da Refap e das terminologias de produtos tecnológicos da Nokia. Os termos selecionados foram armazenados em uma base de dados da Microsoft Access. A investigação orienta-se, sobretudo, pela linha teórica de estudos da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia. Os resultados obtidos nesta investigação mostram dois tipos de constituição de termos: por um lado, uma terminologia lexical constituída de termos compostos predominantemente de base nominal, que cobre processos de produção que, em geral, envolvem conhecimento científico; por outro lado, encontram-se termos constituídos por combinatórias alfanuméricas. O primeiro tipo corresponde a um termo de feição denominativa e o segundo, referente à identificação de produtos tecnológicos, compreende uma feição designativa. Esses dois tipos são entendidos como uma tendência e justifica-se porque o estudo analisou dois casos específicos de uso de terminologias, os quais devem traduzir o comportamento de termos em empresas. Do ponto de vista do comportamento das unidades terminológicas, constatamos que a Refap possui seus termos repertoriados em glossários, mas de forma que não são evidentes os critérios da elaboração do material, o que se reflete na ausência de um padrão organizacional geral e de definição dos termos repertoriados. Por sua vez, os produtos da Nokia são apresentados no site da empresa a partir de um texto que privilegia as funcionalidades dos produtos, e não o conceito técnico, sobretudo porque o propósito da empresa é vender, assim o texto precisa ser convidativo para o consumidor. Concluímos, a partir da pesquisa realizada, que trabalhar com terminologia empresarial pressupõe saber reconhecer os tipos de termos criados e utilizados pela(s) empresa(s). Por isso, consideramos importante a presença de um profissional com conhecimentos linguísticos para lidar com as unidades lexicais especializadas presentes nesse contexto comunicativo. Além disso, estudos desta natureza são importantes para o desenvolvimento teórico e aplicado da Terminologia que, em geral, volta-se para a descrição dos termos de áreas científicas tradicionais. / The purpose of this research is to identify as establishing the business terms, as well as recognize the main characteristics of the lexical items used in specialized professional context. Therefore, we performed a case study of two companies (Nokia and Refap), whereas two foci of analysis: (i) the formal establishment of specialized lexical items, (ii) the treatment of terminologies in company documents. The corpus consists of internal documents Refap and terminology of technology products from Nokia. The terms selected were stored in a database in Microsoft Access. The research is guided mainly by the theoretical line of studies of the Communicative Theory of Terminology. The present results show a tendency to formation of two types of terms: first, a lexical terminology consists of terms composed predominantly of nominal base covering production processes generally involve scientific knowledge, and for second one, terms consisting of alphanumeric combinations. The first type corresponds to a term of denominational garb, and the second for the identification of technological products, includes a designative feature. The idea of the trend is justified because the study looked at two specific cases of use of terminology, which should translate behavior in terms of business. From the standpoint of the conduct of terminological units, we found that Refap has its terms listed in glossaries, but there aren’t established criteria in the preparation of the material, thus there isn’t an organizational pattern or definer in the works. In turn, the products of Nokia are presented on the company website from a text which makes an approach to product features, not the technical concept, especially since the company's purpose is to sell, so the text needs to be attractive to the consumer. We conclude from the survey, which involves working with business terminology coping with the terms created and used by the companies , therefore,it is important to consider the presence of a professional and language skills to deal with the lexical units present in this specialized communicative context. Furthermore, studies in this area are important and representative to the theoretical development and applied of the terminology field.

Terminologies are becoming more important to modern day society as technology and science continue to grow at an accelerating rate in a globalized environment. Agreeing upon which terms should be used to represent which concepts and how those terms should be translated into different languages is important if we wish to be able to communicate with as little confusion and misunderstandings as possible. Since the 1990s, an increasing amount of terminology research has been devoted to facilitating and augmenting terminology-related tasks by using computers and computational methods. One focus for this research is Automatic Term Extraction (ATE). In this compilation thesis, studies on both bilingual and monolingual ATE are presented. First, two publications reporting on how bilingual ATE using the align-extract approach can be used to extract patent terms. The result in this case was 181,000 manually validated English-Swedish patent terms which were to be used in a machine translation system for patent documents. A critical component of the method used is the Q-value metric, presented in the third paper, which can be used to rank extracted term candidates (TC) in an order that correlates with TC precision. The use of Machine Learning (ML) in monolingual ATE is the topic of the two final contributions. The first ML-related publication shows that rule induction based ML can be used to generate linguistic term selection patterns, and in the second ML-related publication, contrastive n-gram language models are used in conjunction with SVM ML to improve the precision of term candidates selected using linguistic patterns.

No description available.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1963 W68 / Master of Science

Notre motivation est de combler le fossé terminologique qui grandit avec la production massive de nouveaux concepts (50 quotidiens) dans divers domaines, pour lesquels les termes sont souvent inventés d'abord dans une certaine langue bien dotée, telle que l'anglais ou le français. Trouver des termes équivalents dans différentes langues est nécessaire pour de nombreuses applications, telles que la RI translingue et la TA. Cette tâche est très difficile, particulièrement pour certaines langues très utilisées telles que l'arabe, parce que (1) seule une petite proportion de nouveaux termes est correctement enregistrée par des terminologues, et pour peu de langues ; (2) des communautés spécifiques créent continuellement des termes équivalents sans les normaliser ni même les enregistrer (terminologie latente) ; (3) dans de nombreux cas, aucuns termes équivalents ne sont créés, formellement ou informellement (absence de terminologie). Cette thèse propose de remplacer le but impossible de construire d'une manière continue une terminologie à jour, complète et de haute qualité pour un grand nombre de langues par celui de construire une preterminologie, en utilisant des méthodes non conventionnelles et des contributions passives ou actives par des communautés d'internautes : extraction de termes parallèles potentiels non seulement à partir de textes parallèles ou comparables, mais également à partir des logs (traces) des visites à des sites Web tels que DSR (Route de la Soie Digitale), et à partir de données produites par des jeux sérieux. Une préterminologie est un nouveau genre de ressource lexicale qui peut être facilement construit et a une bonne couverture. Suivant en ceci une tendance croissante en lexicographie computationnelle et en TALN en général, nous représentons une préterminologie multilingue par une structure de graphe (Preterminological Multilingual Graph, MPG), où les nœuds portent des prétermes et les arcs des relations préterminologiques simples (synonymie monolingue, traduction, généralisation, spécialisation, etc.) qui sont des approximations des relations (terminologiques ou ontologiques) usuelles. Un Système complet pour Éliciter une Préterminologie (SEPT) a été développé pour construire et maintenir des MPG. Des approches passives ont été expérimentées en développant un MPG pour le site Web culturel de DSR, et un autre pour le domaine de l'onirologie arabe : les ressources produites ont atteint une bonne couverture informationnelle et linguistique. L'approche indirecte par contribution active est testée depuis 8-9 mois sur l'instance arabe du jeu sérieux JeuxDeMots.