Glass forming ability (GFA) in the Pr-rich Pr-(Cu, Ni)-Al alloys at or near the eutectic points was systematically studied. It was found that the GFA in the pseudo-ternary alloys of Pr-(Cu, Ni)-Al is higher than that of the ternary alloys of Pr-Cu-Al. Two eutectic compositions in Pr-(Cu, Ni)-Al alloys were found by DSC, namely, Pr₆₈(Cu₀.₅Ni₀.₅)₂₅Al₇ and Pr₅₂(Cu₀.₅Ni₀.₅)₂₅Al₂₃ (at %). The later one shows better GFA than the first one. However, the best GFA was obtained at an off-eutectic composition of Pr₅₄(Cu₀.₅Ni₀.₅)₃₀Al₁₆, which can be formed in fully amorphous rod with diameter of 1.5 mm by copper mould casting. The deviation of the best GFA composition from the eutectic point [Pr₆₈(Cu₀.₅Ni₀.₅)₂₅Al₇] was explained in terms of the asymmetric coupled eutectic zone and the higher glass transition temperature Tg on the hypereutectic side. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, November, 2005. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-93)

Ces dernières années, lhistoriographie des premières Guerres dItalie (1494-1525) sest considérablement enrichie notamment grâce aux études de D. Le Fur, N. Hochner, A.-M. Lecoq et R. W. Scheller. Croisant délibérément des sources variées (littéraires, politiques et iconographiques) ainsi que les méthodes (celle de lhistorien des textes et celle de lhistorien dart), leurs travaux se sont attachés à définir les différents aspects du pouvoir royal et la manière dont celui-ci se met en scène tout spécialement sous les règnes de Charles VIII, de Louis XII et de François Ier. Force est donc de constater que la figure du roi de France domine lhistoriographie récente des premières Guerres dItalie. Pourtant, à chaque fois que les souverains des fleurs de lys sont mis en scène, ils noccupent pas seuls le discours politique. Dautres personnages, la France et les Français, apparaissent à côté deux. Le premier est dépeint, selon une tradition établie, comme un espace bénéficiant de qualités exceptionnelles. Lesdites qualités conditionnent la nature du deuxième personnage les Français , lequel sintègre dès lors à un portrait de la nation. Durant les Guerres dItalie, ce discours sur la France et les Français ne sert pas uniquement à décrire le royaume lui-même. Il permet avant tout aux artisans de la propagande royale délaborer une pensée légitimant la conquête de lItalie et permettant dy imposer une nouvelle culture politique et sociale dinspiration française. Cet amalgame dimages à propos de lItalie française ou Franco-Italia traverse lensemble de la période, croisant parfois la figure royale, mais sen éloignant aussi très souvent. Létude dune telle idéologie révèle enfin un intérêt supplémentaire. Au cours des premières décennies du XVIe siècle, la France connaît un véritable bouleversement de son modèle dorganisation sociale traditionnel. Nous voulons parler des trois ordres du féodalisme (oratores, bellatores et laboratores). Certes, dans la réalité quotidienne, le système ternaire ne reflète plus, depuis des siècles, la complexité des relations politiques et sociales. Par contre, la remise en cause de ce modèle au sein de la pensée politique curiale, en somme dans la culture de lélite, est une donnée relativement nouvelle en ce début de XVIe siècle. Ainsi, le discours sur lItalie française sert de champ dexpérimentation aux théoriciens du politique, aux polémistes ainsi quaux chroniqueurs et même aux poètes, leur permettant de redéfinir les contours dun schéma ternaire qui, dans sa forme traditionnelle, leur apparaît désuet. On laura compris : notre thèse soriente donc vers létude, non dun seul mode de pensée, mais plutôt dune pluralité de concepts et dopinions ayant comme dénominateur commun la redéfinition des contours de lItalie et également de la France. Il sagira de comprendre la manière dont les auteurs de la cour de France regardent la Péninsule et ses habitants et comment, de cette expérience de laltérité, ils en arrivent à pratiquer un retour sur eux-mêmes et à relire leur propre mode dorganisation sociale, autrement dit, les cadres théoriques de leur existence. Cette histoire des lys qui sévertuent à fleurir dans les champs dune Italie pourtant bien décidée à les faucher sera loccasion dentrevoir sous un angle neuf cette période de bouleversements et dinquiétudes que sont les premières Guerres dItalie.

In an industrial and consumer electronic marketplace that is increasingly demanding greater real-world interactivity in portable and distributed devices, analog to digital converter efficiency and performance is being carefully examined. The successive approximation (SAR) analog to digital converter (ADC) architecture has become popular for its high efficiency at mid-speed and resolution requirements. This is due to the one core single bit quantizer, lack of residue amplification, and large digital domain processing allowing for easy process scaling. This work examines the traditional binary capacitive SAR ADC time and statistical information and proposes new structures that optimize ADC performance. The Ternary SAR (TSAR) uses the quantizer delay information to enhance accuracy, speed and power consumption of the overall SAR while providing multi-level redundancy. The early reset merged capacitor switching SAR (EMCS) identifies lost information in the SAR subtraction and optimizes a full binary quanitzer structure for a Ternary MCS DAC. Residue Shaping is demonstrated in SAR and pipeline configurations to allow for an extra bit of signal to noise quantization ratio (SQNR) due to multi-level redundancy. The feedback initialized ternary SAR (FITSAR) is proposed which splits a TSAR into separate binary and ternary sub-ADC structures for speed and power benefits with an inter-stage encoding that not only maintains residue shaping across the binary SAR, but allows for nearly optimally minimal energy consumption for capacitive ternary DACs. Finally, the ternary SAR ideas are applied to R2R DACs to reduce power consumption. These ideas are tested both in simulation and with prototype results. / Graduation date: 2013 / Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from Jan. 7, 2013 - Jan. 7, 2014

In this study binary and ternary ion exchange on Zeolite NaA using silver and cadmium ions were investigated. Ion exchange were conducted at constant temperature (25oC) and normality (0.1N) in a batch system for both binary and ternary experiments. Zeolite weights were varied between 0.1 and 1 g for binary experiments. Thermodynamic analysis of binary ion exchange between Cd2+-Na+ and Ag+-Na+ were examined and thermodynamic equilibrium constant and Gibbs free energy were calculated. Thermodynamic equilibrium constants were found as respectively 28.2 and 300.4 for Cd2+-Na+ and Ag+-Na+ binary system. Standart free energy of Cd2+-Na+ and Ag+-Na+ binary exchange were calculated as -4.1 kJ/mol and -14.1 kJ/mol respectively. In literature Ay (2008) calculated the Gibbs free energy for Ag+-Na+ binary system as -14.4 kJ/mol and Biskup and Subotic (2010) and Gal et al. (1970) calculated the Gibbs free energy for Cd2+-Na+ binary system as -3.7 kJ/mol and -4.4 kJ/mol respectively. It is concluded Zeolite 4A has higher affinity to silver than cadmium and selectivity sequence was found as / Ag+&gt / Cd2+&gt / Na+. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were drawn to describe experimental data. As compared the R2 of isotherms, it is clearly seen that Freundlich isotherm provides better fit for Cd2+-Na+ binary ion exchange and Ag+-Na+ binary ion exchange. The ternary ion exchange isotherms were plotted using equivalent fraction of three ions (Ag+,Na+,Cd2+) which participated in ion exchange experiments to determine selectivity of zeolite 4A for cadmium and silver. Selectivity sequence was determined as Ag+ &gt / Cd2+ &gt / Na+ for ternary ion exchange.

Metal membranes play a vital role in hydrogen purification. Defect-free membranes can exhibit effectively infinite selectivity for hydrogen. Membranes must meet multiple objectives, including providing high fluxes, resistance to poisoning, long operational standards, and be cost effective. Alloys offer an alternate route in improving upon membranes based on pure metal such as Pd. Development of new membranes is hampered by the large effort and time required not only to experimentally develop these membranes but also to properly test these materials. We show how first principle calculations combined with coarse-grained modeling can accurately predict H2 fluxes through binary and ternary alloy membranes as a function of alloy composition, temperature and hydrogen pressures. Our methods require no experimental input apart from the knowledge of the bulk crystal structure. Our approach is demonstrated for pure Pd, Pd-rich binary alloys, PdCu binary alloys, and PdCu-based ternary alloys. PdCu alloys have experimentally shown to have potential for resistance to sulfur poisoning. First, we used plane wave Density Functional Theory to study the binding and local motion of hydrogen for the alloys of interest. This data was used in combination with a Cluster Expansion Method along with the Leave-One-Out analysis to generate comprehensive models to predict hydrogen behavior in the interstitial binding sites within the bulk of the alloys of interest. These models not only were required to correctly fit our calculated data, but they were also required to properly predict behaviors for local conditions for which we had not collected information. These models were then used to predict hydrogen solubility and diffusivity at elevated temperatures. Although we are capable of combining first principle theory calculations with coarse grain modeling, we have explored a pre-screening method in order to determine which a particular material are worth performing additional calculations. Our heuristic lattice model is a simplified model involving as few factors as possible. It is by no means intended to predict the exact macroscopic H properties in the bulk of fcc materials, but it is intended as a guide in determining which materials merit additional characterization.

Tandem solar cells fabricated from thin films provide promise of improved efficiency while keeping the processing costs low. CdSe as top cells are investigated in this work. CIGS has been a standardized process with lab efficiencies reaching 18% [53]. This dissertation focuses on the development of conductive window layer for the development of a high performance, high bandgap solar cell. ZnSe, Cu2-xSe, and ZnSexTe1-x are investigated as viable window layers of the top cell. ZnSe in undoped form forms a good junction with CdSe films, but the Voc from these devices could never exceed the 360mV mark, while the current densities approached 17.5mA/cm2 [61].To improve Voc's, the high contact energy at the ZnSe/Cu interface has to be overcome by replacing Cu with a metal having higher work function or doping the window layer to form a tunneling contact with Copper.Deposition of ZnSe from binary sources in presence of nitrogen plasma resulted in films with proper stoichiometry. However, doping could not be accomplished. ZnTe is easily dopable, and was the next alternative. ZnTe doping in presence of Nitrogen plasma resulted in Zn rich films. Hence doping of the ternary compound ZnSexTe1-x was considered. This work focuses on studying the effects of compositional variation on the conductivity of the ZnSexTe1-x films. ZnSexTe1-x films were doped using Nitrogen. Films were deposited by co-evaporation from ZnTe, ZnSe and Se sources. Te/Se ratio was varied by varying the ZnTe thickness and Se Thickness. Films with Zn/Group VI ratio close to 1 were measured for conductivity using IV measurements. Highest conductivity of 2* 10-8 ohm-cm was obtained at ZnSe, ZnTe, and Se thicknesses of 2000Ã?, 1500Ã?, and 500Ã? respectively. The actual carrier concentration could be concealed by the current limiting Cu contacts. All films with Zn/Group VI ratio close to 1 showed slight conductivity in the 10-10 ohm-cm range. Layered ZnSexTe1-x Films doped with Nitrogen had targeted Zn/Group VI ratio of 1, but with a higher Te content. The films were also slightly conductive, in the 10-10 ohm-cm range. The mechanism limiting the doping in all the films seems to be the same.

Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) chromatography is a separation process where the components are separated due to their varying affinity towards the stationary phase. Over the past decade, many modifications have been proposed in SMB chromatography in order to effectively separate a binary mixture. However, the separation of multi-component mixtures using SMB is still one of the major challenges. Although many different strategies have been proposed, previous studies have rarely performed comprehensive investigations for finding the best ternary separation strategy from various possible alternatives. Furthermore, the concept of combining reaction with SMB has been proposed in the past for driving the equilibrium limited reactions to completion by separating the products from the reaction zone. However, the design of such systems is still challenging due to the complex dynamics of simultaneous reaction and adsorption. The first objective of the study is to find the best ternary separation strategy among various alternatives design of SMB. The performance of several ternary SMB operating schemes, that are proposed in the literature, are compared in terms of the optimal productivity obtained and the amount of solvent consumed. A multi- objective optimization problem is formulated which maximizes the SMB productivity and purity of intermediate eluting component at the same time. Furthermore, the concept of optimizing a superstructure formulation is proposed, where numerous SMB operating schemes can be incorporated into a single formulation. This superstructure approach has a potential to find more advantageous operating scheme compared to existing operating schemes in the literature. The second objective of the study is to demonstrate the Generalized Full Cycle (GFC) operation experimentally for the first time, and compare its performance to the JO process. A Semba OctaveTM chromatography system is used as an experimental SMB unit to implement the optimal operating schemes. In addition, a simultaneous optimization and model correction (SOMC) scheme is used to resolve the model mismatch in a systematic way. We also show a systematic comparison of both JO and GFC operations by presenting a Pareto plot of the productivity achieved against the desired purity of the intermediate eluting component experimentally. The third objective of the study is to develop an simulated moving bed reactor (SMBR) process for an industrial-scale application, and demonstrate the potential of the ModiCon operation for improving the performance of the SMBR compared to the conventional operating strategy. A novel industrial application involving the esterification of acetic acid and 1-methoxy-2-propanol is considered to produce propylene glycol methyl ether (PMA) as the product. A multi-objective optimization study is presented to find the best reactive separation strategy for the production of the PMA product. We also present a Pareto plot that compares the ModiCon operation, which allows periodical change of the feed composition and the conventional operating strategy for the optimal production rate of PMA that can be achieved against the desired conversion of acetic acid.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18982号 / 工博第4024号 / 新制||工||1620 / 31933 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 田中 功, 教授 酒井 明, 教授 邑瀬 邦明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

長度為n的三元數列(0, 1, 2)，探討(一)0為偶數個1為偶數個，或(二)0為偶數個1為奇數個，或(三)0為奇數個1為偶數個，或(四)0為奇數個1為奇數個的方法數時，就離散的傳統上來說是用遞迴關係去求解。本文將建構一對一函數，利用一對一函數的特性去求此問題的解，與以前的方法比較起來僅需要了解一對一函數的特性即可求解，易懂且不需要用到比較複雜的遞迴觀念。 / The problem of the number of ternary sequences of length n with : (a) 0 is even, 1 is even, (b) 0 is even, 1 is odd, (c) 0 is odd, 1 is even, (d) 0 is odd, 1 is odd, has been solved by recurrence relations before. We solve the problem by constructingone-to-one functions, and use the characteristics of one-to-one functions to solve this problem. Our method is simpler than those methods which have been done before.