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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Zjištění nejčastějších funkčních poruch pohybového systému dětí mladšího školního věku, konkrétně v 3. a 4. třídě na základních školách ve Strakonicích / Determining the most common functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system of primary school children, particularly in 3th 1st and 4th grade at elementary schools in Strakonice

KŘÍŽOVÁ, Lenka January 2017 (has links)
This thesis addresses problems of occurance of most frequent function disorders in children of younger school age. The research was carried out in total of twenty four classrooms at elementary schools in Strakonice, and total of 402 children took part in it.The goal was to conduct quality literature search based on the study of expert Czech as well as foreign literature. It was followed by getting a consent of school principals, class teachers and parents to carry out research which would use standardized tests for examintaion of posture. A part of parents' consent was also a questionnare in which the parents provided height, weight and sport activity of their children. Collected data were entered into tables and evaluated in charts. Overall results showed different values of posture classification. According to Jaroš and Lomíček's method 20% of children had perfect posture, 73% good posture and 7% poor posture. Matthias' test showed 63% good posture and 37% poor posture. Evaluation of lower limbs came up with surprising discovery. Flat feet, varus or valgus were detected in 50 % of the research group. The research has confirmed importance of everyday physical activity and therapeutic exercise in fight against function disorders.
32

Estudo do comportamento da aderência em elementos de concreto armado submetidos à corrosão e elevadas temperaturas / Study of the bonding behavior of reinforced concrete elements subjected to extreme conditions

Caetano, Luciane Fonseca January 2008 (has links)
O estudo do comportamento de aderência tem recebido grande atenção desde o final da década de 40, entretanto muitas incertezas persistem no que tange à definição do melhor método de ensaio e do desempenho esperado ao longo da vida útil de uma estrutura, especialmente quando a mesma está exposta a condições ambientais desfavoráveis. A corrosão da armadura e a degradação térmica devida à exposição a altas temperaturas são exemplos de situações onde ocorrem importantes modificações nas propriedades dos materiais envolvidos, tendo forte impacto no desempenho da aderência. Tendo em vista que esta é uma propriedade de fundamental importância para a adequada transferência de esforços e compatibilização de deformações entre o concreto e o aço, colaborando para um bom desempenho global da estrutura, o estudo destes efeitos é vital. Este trabalho propõe a elaboração de um modelo matemático que represente o comportamento de aderência de peças submetidas à corrosão de armadura e à exposição a elevadas temperaturas. Além disto, busca realizar uma comparação entre os resultados obtidos por três métodos distintos de ensaios. Para a elaboração do modelo matemático foram produzidos cps de concreto com diferentes resistências à compressão, nos quais foram inseridas barras de aço de distintos diâmetros, para capturar a influência destas variáveis independentes. A modelagem estatística utilizou o modelo cubo-estrela, com definição de 5 níveis de referência para as variáveis temperaturas de exposição (ambiente, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C e 800°C), taxa de corrosão (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% de perda de massa) e diâmetro da barra (8, 12.5, 16, 20 e 25 mm); e de 3 níveis para a resistência do concreto (25, 45 e 65 MPa). A determinação do comportamento de aderência foi executada através de duas técnicas de ensaio, selecionadas dentre as várias descritas na literatura: o ensaio de arrancamento simples (pull-out test), recomendado pela RILEM (1973), e o ensaio de arrancamento excêntrico (cantilever bond test), proposto por KEMP ET AL (1968). Ambas se caracterizam por serem ensaios de arrancamento, entretanto a primeira apresenta somente tensões de tração e de compressão e a segunda apresenta, além das tensões de tração e compressão, as de cisalhamento e de flexão, gerando uma situação mais próxima do que ocorre em estruturas reais. Para permitir a comparação entre métodos de ensaio com filosofias diferentes, mais uma técnica foi selecionada, o ensaio de viga (beam test), também recomendado pela RILEM (1973). De acordo com a análise dos resultados, o ensaio de arrancamento simples e de viga fornecem, respectivamente, valores de tensão de aderência, cerca de, 70% e 150% superiores aos obtidos em ensaios de arrancamento excêntrico. Os dados indicam, ainda, que os efeitos de deterioração são extremamente importantes para avaliação do desempenho final da aderência. Percebe-se que, para temperaturas mais baixas, até aproximadamente 300°C, a temperatura não provoca alteração no desempenho da aderência, mas, a partir de 550°C, a redução é superior a 50%, para concretos de resistências elevadas (acima de 50 MPa). Já a corrosão apresenta comportamento diferenciado, resultando em um acréscimo de cerca de 17%, da tensão de aderência para baixas taxas de perda de massa e posterior perda de desempenho com o aumento desta. / The study of the bonding mechanism in reinforced concrete elements has received attention from researchers since the forties. Nonetheless, there are still doubts regarding test methods and long term performance, especially when the structure is subjected to aggressive environmental conditions. Rebar corrosion and thermal degradation due to exposure to high temperatures are important examples of instances when significant changes in material properties take place, resulting in alterations of bonding performance. The study of these effects are vital, given that bonding is a fundamental property to ensure the adequate transfer of tensile stresses and strains between concrete and the steel rebar, which ensures good structural behavior. The proposed research aims to generate a mathematical model to explain the bonding behavior of structural RC elements subject to chloride corrosion and exposure to fire conditions. Besides, it seeks to compare results obtained using 3 distinct test methods for bonding evaluation. To this end, concrete specimens with different compressive strengths (25, 45 e 65 MPa) were produced, and bars of various diameters (8, 12.5, 16, 20 e 25 mm) were inserted in them. A statistical approach was adopted to reduce the experimental matrix, using the cube-star model, with 5 reference levels for the variables temperature of exposure (laboratory, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C e 800°C), corrosion rates (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% weight loss) and bar diameter; and 3 levels for the variable concrete compressive strength, as discussed above. The bonding resistance was determined using two test methods selected from the various methodologies discussed in the literature: the RILEM pull-out test (1973) and the cantilever bond test, proposed by KEMP ET AL in 1968. Both evaluate bonding stresses, but the second one introduces shear and bending forces that create a stress distribution more close to the one found in real concrete beams. In order to improve the comparison between test methods, another technique was used in the second part of the work. The chosen technique was the beam test recommended by RILEM in 1973. According of the test results the pull-out test and the beam test result, respectively, in bonding values 70% e 150% higher than the ones registered in the cantilever bond test. The data obtained indicates, also, that the deterioration effects are extremely important to evaluate the bonding performance. For lower exposure temperature, up to around 300°C, the bonding behavior is not affected by the heat. But when the temperature exceeds 550°C, the bonding loss is higher than 50%, for the concretes with higher compressive strength (> 50 MPa). The deterioration by corrosion improves slightly the bonding resistance (up to 20%) when corrosion rates are lower than 1.5%. However, when corrosion increases, the bonding capacity decreases quite rapidly.
33

Estudo do comportamento da aderência em elementos de concreto armado submetidos à corrosão e elevadas temperaturas / Study of the bonding behavior of reinforced concrete elements subjected to extreme conditions

Caetano, Luciane Fonseca January 2008 (has links)
O estudo do comportamento de aderência tem recebido grande atenção desde o final da década de 40, entretanto muitas incertezas persistem no que tange à definição do melhor método de ensaio e do desempenho esperado ao longo da vida útil de uma estrutura, especialmente quando a mesma está exposta a condições ambientais desfavoráveis. A corrosão da armadura e a degradação térmica devida à exposição a altas temperaturas são exemplos de situações onde ocorrem importantes modificações nas propriedades dos materiais envolvidos, tendo forte impacto no desempenho da aderência. Tendo em vista que esta é uma propriedade de fundamental importância para a adequada transferência de esforços e compatibilização de deformações entre o concreto e o aço, colaborando para um bom desempenho global da estrutura, o estudo destes efeitos é vital. Este trabalho propõe a elaboração de um modelo matemático que represente o comportamento de aderência de peças submetidas à corrosão de armadura e à exposição a elevadas temperaturas. Além disto, busca realizar uma comparação entre os resultados obtidos por três métodos distintos de ensaios. Para a elaboração do modelo matemático foram produzidos cps de concreto com diferentes resistências à compressão, nos quais foram inseridas barras de aço de distintos diâmetros, para capturar a influência destas variáveis independentes. A modelagem estatística utilizou o modelo cubo-estrela, com definição de 5 níveis de referência para as variáveis temperaturas de exposição (ambiente, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C e 800°C), taxa de corrosão (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% de perda de massa) e diâmetro da barra (8, 12.5, 16, 20 e 25 mm); e de 3 níveis para a resistência do concreto (25, 45 e 65 MPa). A determinação do comportamento de aderência foi executada através de duas técnicas de ensaio, selecionadas dentre as várias descritas na literatura: o ensaio de arrancamento simples (pull-out test), recomendado pela RILEM (1973), e o ensaio de arrancamento excêntrico (cantilever bond test), proposto por KEMP ET AL (1968). Ambas se caracterizam por serem ensaios de arrancamento, entretanto a primeira apresenta somente tensões de tração e de compressão e a segunda apresenta, além das tensões de tração e compressão, as de cisalhamento e de flexão, gerando uma situação mais próxima do que ocorre em estruturas reais. Para permitir a comparação entre métodos de ensaio com filosofias diferentes, mais uma técnica foi selecionada, o ensaio de viga (beam test), também recomendado pela RILEM (1973). De acordo com a análise dos resultados, o ensaio de arrancamento simples e de viga fornecem, respectivamente, valores de tensão de aderência, cerca de, 70% e 150% superiores aos obtidos em ensaios de arrancamento excêntrico. Os dados indicam, ainda, que os efeitos de deterioração são extremamente importantes para avaliação do desempenho final da aderência. Percebe-se que, para temperaturas mais baixas, até aproximadamente 300°C, a temperatura não provoca alteração no desempenho da aderência, mas, a partir de 550°C, a redução é superior a 50%, para concretos de resistências elevadas (acima de 50 MPa). Já a corrosão apresenta comportamento diferenciado, resultando em um acréscimo de cerca de 17%, da tensão de aderência para baixas taxas de perda de massa e posterior perda de desempenho com o aumento desta. / The study of the bonding mechanism in reinforced concrete elements has received attention from researchers since the forties. Nonetheless, there are still doubts regarding test methods and long term performance, especially when the structure is subjected to aggressive environmental conditions. Rebar corrosion and thermal degradation due to exposure to high temperatures are important examples of instances when significant changes in material properties take place, resulting in alterations of bonding performance. The study of these effects are vital, given that bonding is a fundamental property to ensure the adequate transfer of tensile stresses and strains between concrete and the steel rebar, which ensures good structural behavior. The proposed research aims to generate a mathematical model to explain the bonding behavior of structural RC elements subject to chloride corrosion and exposure to fire conditions. Besides, it seeks to compare results obtained using 3 distinct test methods for bonding evaluation. To this end, concrete specimens with different compressive strengths (25, 45 e 65 MPa) were produced, and bars of various diameters (8, 12.5, 16, 20 e 25 mm) were inserted in them. A statistical approach was adopted to reduce the experimental matrix, using the cube-star model, with 5 reference levels for the variables temperature of exposure (laboratory, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C e 800°C), corrosion rates (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% weight loss) and bar diameter; and 3 levels for the variable concrete compressive strength, as discussed above. The bonding resistance was determined using two test methods selected from the various methodologies discussed in the literature: the RILEM pull-out test (1973) and the cantilever bond test, proposed by KEMP ET AL in 1968. Both evaluate bonding stresses, but the second one introduces shear and bending forces that create a stress distribution more close to the one found in real concrete beams. In order to improve the comparison between test methods, another technique was used in the second part of the work. The chosen technique was the beam test recommended by RILEM in 1973. According of the test results the pull-out test and the beam test result, respectively, in bonding values 70% e 150% higher than the ones registered in the cantilever bond test. The data obtained indicates, also, that the deterioration effects are extremely important to evaluate the bonding performance. For lower exposure temperature, up to around 300°C, the bonding behavior is not affected by the heat. But when the temperature exceeds 550°C, the bonding loss is higher than 50%, for the concretes with higher compressive strength (> 50 MPa). The deterioration by corrosion improves slightly the bonding resistance (up to 20%) when corrosion rates are lower than 1.5%. However, when corrosion increases, the bonding capacity decreases quite rapidly.
34

Estudo do comportamento da aderência em elementos de concreto armado submetidos à corrosão e elevadas temperaturas / Study of the bonding behavior of reinforced concrete elements subjected to extreme conditions

Caetano, Luciane Fonseca January 2008 (has links)
O estudo do comportamento de aderência tem recebido grande atenção desde o final da década de 40, entretanto muitas incertezas persistem no que tange à definição do melhor método de ensaio e do desempenho esperado ao longo da vida útil de uma estrutura, especialmente quando a mesma está exposta a condições ambientais desfavoráveis. A corrosão da armadura e a degradação térmica devida à exposição a altas temperaturas são exemplos de situações onde ocorrem importantes modificações nas propriedades dos materiais envolvidos, tendo forte impacto no desempenho da aderência. Tendo em vista que esta é uma propriedade de fundamental importância para a adequada transferência de esforços e compatibilização de deformações entre o concreto e o aço, colaborando para um bom desempenho global da estrutura, o estudo destes efeitos é vital. Este trabalho propõe a elaboração de um modelo matemático que represente o comportamento de aderência de peças submetidas à corrosão de armadura e à exposição a elevadas temperaturas. Além disto, busca realizar uma comparação entre os resultados obtidos por três métodos distintos de ensaios. Para a elaboração do modelo matemático foram produzidos cps de concreto com diferentes resistências à compressão, nos quais foram inseridas barras de aço de distintos diâmetros, para capturar a influência destas variáveis independentes. A modelagem estatística utilizou o modelo cubo-estrela, com definição de 5 níveis de referência para as variáveis temperaturas de exposição (ambiente, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C e 800°C), taxa de corrosão (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% de perda de massa) e diâmetro da barra (8, 12.5, 16, 20 e 25 mm); e de 3 níveis para a resistência do concreto (25, 45 e 65 MPa). A determinação do comportamento de aderência foi executada através de duas técnicas de ensaio, selecionadas dentre as várias descritas na literatura: o ensaio de arrancamento simples (pull-out test), recomendado pela RILEM (1973), e o ensaio de arrancamento excêntrico (cantilever bond test), proposto por KEMP ET AL (1968). Ambas se caracterizam por serem ensaios de arrancamento, entretanto a primeira apresenta somente tensões de tração e de compressão e a segunda apresenta, além das tensões de tração e compressão, as de cisalhamento e de flexão, gerando uma situação mais próxima do que ocorre em estruturas reais. Para permitir a comparação entre métodos de ensaio com filosofias diferentes, mais uma técnica foi selecionada, o ensaio de viga (beam test), também recomendado pela RILEM (1973). De acordo com a análise dos resultados, o ensaio de arrancamento simples e de viga fornecem, respectivamente, valores de tensão de aderência, cerca de, 70% e 150% superiores aos obtidos em ensaios de arrancamento excêntrico. Os dados indicam, ainda, que os efeitos de deterioração são extremamente importantes para avaliação do desempenho final da aderência. Percebe-se que, para temperaturas mais baixas, até aproximadamente 300°C, a temperatura não provoca alteração no desempenho da aderência, mas, a partir de 550°C, a redução é superior a 50%, para concretos de resistências elevadas (acima de 50 MPa). Já a corrosão apresenta comportamento diferenciado, resultando em um acréscimo de cerca de 17%, da tensão de aderência para baixas taxas de perda de massa e posterior perda de desempenho com o aumento desta. / The study of the bonding mechanism in reinforced concrete elements has received attention from researchers since the forties. Nonetheless, there are still doubts regarding test methods and long term performance, especially when the structure is subjected to aggressive environmental conditions. Rebar corrosion and thermal degradation due to exposure to high temperatures are important examples of instances when significant changes in material properties take place, resulting in alterations of bonding performance. The study of these effects are vital, given that bonding is a fundamental property to ensure the adequate transfer of tensile stresses and strains between concrete and the steel rebar, which ensures good structural behavior. The proposed research aims to generate a mathematical model to explain the bonding behavior of structural RC elements subject to chloride corrosion and exposure to fire conditions. Besides, it seeks to compare results obtained using 3 distinct test methods for bonding evaluation. To this end, concrete specimens with different compressive strengths (25, 45 e 65 MPa) were produced, and bars of various diameters (8, 12.5, 16, 20 e 25 mm) were inserted in them. A statistical approach was adopted to reduce the experimental matrix, using the cube-star model, with 5 reference levels for the variables temperature of exposure (laboratory, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C e 800°C), corrosion rates (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% weight loss) and bar diameter; and 3 levels for the variable concrete compressive strength, as discussed above. The bonding resistance was determined using two test methods selected from the various methodologies discussed in the literature: the RILEM pull-out test (1973) and the cantilever bond test, proposed by KEMP ET AL in 1968. Both evaluate bonding stresses, but the second one introduces shear and bending forces that create a stress distribution more close to the one found in real concrete beams. In order to improve the comparison between test methods, another technique was used in the second part of the work. The chosen technique was the beam test recommended by RILEM in 1973. According of the test results the pull-out test and the beam test result, respectively, in bonding values 70% e 150% higher than the ones registered in the cantilever bond test. The data obtained indicates, also, that the deterioration effects are extremely important to evaluate the bonding performance. For lower exposure temperature, up to around 300°C, the bonding behavior is not affected by the heat. But when the temperature exceeds 550°C, the bonding loss is higher than 50%, for the concretes with higher compressive strength (> 50 MPa). The deterioration by corrosion improves slightly the bonding resistance (up to 20%) when corrosion rates are lower than 1.5%. However, when corrosion increases, the bonding capacity decreases quite rapidly.
35

Método de ensaio de ligações de estruturas de madeira por chapas com dentes estampados / Test method for joints of timber structures made with metal plate connector

Lívio Túlio Baraldi 11 October 1996 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de método de ensaio para determinação da resistência de ligações em peças estruturais de madeira por chapas com dentes estampados e também verifica os modos de ruptura destas ligações. Para esta finalidade foram realizados ensaios com 5 (cinco) espécies de madeira classificadas de acordo com as classes de resistência apresentadas no projeto da nova norma brasileira para estruturas de madeira, a PNBR 7190/1996 - Projeto de Estruturas de Madeira. No trabalho são verificados 3 (três) modos básicos de ruptura das ligações, a saber: tração da chapa, cisalhamento da chapa e arrancamento dos dentes da chapa da peça de madeira. Dentro de cada modo de ruptura verifica-se os efeitos da variação da posição da chapa em relação à direção de aplicação da força. Determina-se também a resistência da ligação de acordo com o proposto pelo projeto da nova norma brasileira para estruturas de madeira (PNBR 7190, 1996). / The aim of this work is to propose a test method to determine the strength and to verify failure modes of timber joints made with metal connectors plate. To this purpose, several tests were made with 5 species of wood, which were classified according to the strength class introduced in the new Brazilian Standard for Timber Structures, NBR 7190/1996 - Timber Structure Project. In this work are verified 3 failure modes: metal connector plates under shear force and pure tension force, and lateral resistance strength of metal connector plate teeth. For each failure mode is verified the effect of the position of the plate under the direction of force. The resistance of joints are determine in agreement to the new Brazilian Standard for Timber Structures.
36

Model Driven Architecture : Test Metoder och Verktyg / Model Driven Architecture : Test Methods and Tools

Reda, Renas, Tözmal, Yusuf January 2006 (has links)
This thesis describes methods and tools available to test products developed with Model Driven Architecture (MDA) frameworks. The purpose of the research presented in this thesis is to find appropriate methods and tools available to test products developed in an MDA compatible way in an industrial setting. To find appropriate methods and tools a literature study as well as a case study were conducted at Ericsson. The results of the case study show that there exist important criteria both from an MDA perspective and Ericsson’s own perspective. Based on the criteria a set of tools were evaluated and the results were that Pathfinder PathMATE in conjunction with Rational Software Architect were the most appropriate tools for Ericsson to use when testing their MDA application.
37

Experimental test setups and simulations in skiing mechanics

Swarén, Mikael January 2014 (has links)
Product testing and development are essential parts in sports and for the athletes in their quest to reach the podium. Manufacturers of sports equipment often use basic test methods which do not test the equipment in a sports specific way. Much of the equipment used by world-class athletes is chosen based only on subjective tests and the athletes’ feelings. One short term aim was therefore to develop test methods for objective tests of sports equipment that also tested the equipment in a sports  specific  way.  Another  aim  was  to  integrate  mechanics  and  simulations  to  enhance  the understanding of the test results. The more long term aims are to contribute to increased theoretical knowledge regarding test methods for sports equipment and to contribute to the development of test  methods  to  create  new  and  better  sports  equipment.  Experimental  tests  combined  with simulations  can  give  valuable  information  to  improve  the  performance  and  safety  of  sports equipment. Three studies dealt with the issue of objective yet sport specific test methods for sports equipment. The main methodological advancement is the modification of established test methods together  with  conventional  mechanics  calculations.  New  test  devices  and  methodologies  are proposed for alpine ski helmets and cross-country ski poles. Suggestions are given for improved test setups as well as theoretical simulation are introduced for glide tests of skis. The results show how sport   specific   test   methodologies   together   with   theoretical   calculations   can   improve   the objectiveness and relevance when testing sports equipment. However, the collected and used data require high precision to obtain high accuracy in the simulations. High data accuracy can be an issue in field measurements but also due to manufacturers not disclosing key material data. Still, the used methods  and  calculations  in  this  thesis  produce  relevant  and  reliable  results  which  can  be implemented to accurate evaluations of different sports equipment. Even though it has not been a first priority aim in this work, the results from the alpine helmet study have been used by helmet manufacturers to design new helmets with increased safety properties. This further show how an objective and sport specific test approach together with theoretical simulation can improve sports equipment and in the longer perspective, also the athletes’ performances. / <p>QC 20140423</p>
38

Analys av byxors kvalitet genom simulerad användning : En undersökning av vilka kvalitetsparametrar som förkortar en vävd byxas användningstid / Quality analysis of trousers through simulated use

Gustafsson, Jonnah, Nilsson, Marcus January 2022 (has links)
En textilprodukts produktionsprocess beräknas stå för 80% av dess totala klimatutsläpp. Produktionen förorenar både vatten och land. Ännu är inte återvinning svaret på den negativa klimat- och miljöpåverkan som den textila värdekedjan medför. All textilproduktion och återvinning kräver resurser i form av vatten, kemikalier och energi. Enligt studier konsumerar den genomsnittliga svensken 14 kg textilier varje år men den tid som textilierna används blir kortare och kortare på grund av bristfällig kvalitet. Inom cirkulär textil är en viktig del återanvändning, för att det skall kunna ske i högre utsträckning är det av vikt att de textilier som produceras är av god kvalitet. Idag kvalitetstestas nyproducerade, oanvända och konditionerade plagg direkt efter produktion enligt gällande standarder genom mekaniska påfrestningar, ofta testas slitaget tills det inte längre kan anses vara acceptabelt ur ett kundperspektiv. Dessa tester mäter dock inte den verkliga användningen. Vilket innebär att det inte finns något verkligt underlag för att avgöra om det material som använts har en tillräckligt god kvalitet för att hålla för verklig användning och slitage i ett längre perspektiv eller bara uppfyller kravspecifikationen som upprättats. Arbetet i denna rapport har haft som syfte att identifiera vilka kvalitetsbrister som uppstår vid användning av plagg och genom simulerad användning med hjälp av standardiserade testmetoder försökt utvärdera plaggens fysiska livslängd. För att om möjligt kunna användas av företag i samma syfte. Som fallstudie har ett företag studerats och sex olika byxor har testats. Kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier resulterade i ett antal tester till att simulera användning för att försöka utvärdera plaggens fysiska livslängd. De valda testerna för att simulera slitage var upprepad tvätt, nötningshärdighet och rivstyrka, färgförändring, och dimensionsstabilitet vilka har representerat de visuella kvalitetsbrister som kan uppstå. Resultaten från testerna visar att de vanligaste kvalitetsbrister som konsumenter upplever är att det uppstår hål i materialet, att plagget tappar form och att det sker färgförändringar. En av sex byxor uppfyllde kraven i de tester som utförs för validering av testutrustningen. Efter att samtliga byxor testats enligt de utvalda metoderna var det ingen byxa som uppfyllde alla de ställda kraven. Slutsatsen av arbetet är att simulerad användning inte är omöjligt som metod men det går inte fullt ut att återskapa det mekaniska dagliga slitage som ett plagg genomgår hos konsumenten. För att bli en fullgod metod behöver ett mer omfattande arbete göras. Det går inte att med de resultat som återfinns i arbetet att ge konkreta förslag på förbättringar för en ökad livslängd. Det krävs utförliga kravspecifikationer för plaggen som gäller för en hel livslängd. Vilka inte är generella utan uppförda för de olika produktkategorierna i större detalj för att ha kontroll över hela produktionskedjan. / The production process for textiles is estimated to be responsible for 80 % of the total climate emissions made by the industry. The production pollutes both water and land. Recycling, though on the rise, does not offer the necessary solution at the time to deal with the negative climate- and environmental impact of the textile industry. All textile production including recycling requires resources in the form of water, chemicals and energy. The average Swede consumes 14 kg of textiles annually, but the user time is decreasing because of defective quality according to studies. In circular textiles the term re-use is of importance, and to possibly implement it to a greater extent it is of importance that the textiles produced are of good quality making it more probable that the end use will be prolonged. Today, a garment is tested unused and conditioned directly after production, according to standardized test methods through the means of mechanical wear, which is measured to the point where the wear is considered nonacceptable from a consumer perspective. However, these tests do not measure the real wear and tear. Meaning there is no proper basis to decide whether the material used, reaches the level of quality needed for real use in a larger perspective or if it just fulfills the set requirements. The purpose of this project has been to identify what quality deficiencies consumers experience during the use-phase of garments. Through simulated use according to standardized test methods, evaluate the physical lifespan of the garments. With the prospect that fast-fashion companies can implement it to ensure the quality of their materials. As a case study, a company has been studied and six different trousers have been tested. Qualitative and quantitative studies resulted in several tests to simulate use to try to evaluate the physical life of the garments. The tests chosen to simulate wear were repeated washing, abrasion resistance, tear strength, color change, and dimensional stability which represented the visual quality defects that may occur. The test results showed that the most common quality deficiencies that consumers experience are breakage in the material, shape and color changes. One out of six trousers met the requirements of the tests performed for the validation of the test equipment. After all trousers were tested according to the selected methods, no trousers met the set requirements. In conclusion simulated use is not undoable as a method but it cannot fully recreate the mechanical daily wear and tear that a garment undergoes during the user-phase. For it to become an effective method, more extensive work needs to be carried out. It is not possible with the results drawn from this study to give concrete suggestions for improvements for increased longevity. Detailed garment, yarn and requirements specifications are essential. They need to be in greater detail for the various product categories and not be general for all.
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Customer focused development of a variable bent-axis pump/motor for open circuit hydrostatic transmissions, e.g. in hydraulic hybrid drives

Hugosson, Conny, Kayani, Omer, Krieg, Mark 02 May 2016 (has links) (PDF)
The paper presents the development methodology of a hydrostatic pump/motor for use in Parker Hannifin’s advanced series hydraulic hybrid transmissions for medium and heavy duty commercial vehicles. With Parker’s established bent-axis pump/motor technology for heavy duty mobile applications as a basis, it describes the main stages of further development and qualification for demanding automotive main drive transmissions. Parker’s APQP based, customer focused product development model was employed for this development which resulted in the variable bent-axis pump/motor C24 for open circuit hydrostatic transmissions. Positive customer results from a large fleet of in-service refuse collection trucks and parcel delivery vans with Parker advanced hydraulic hybrid drive systems using C24 pumps/motors serve as evidence of Parker’s product development model effectiveness. High reliability, good fuel economy, increased productivity and long brake life of the vehicles can directly be traced back to the streamlined, front-loaded and iterative development model.
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Možnosti diagnostiky motorických dovedností u dětí předškolního věku využitelné v pedagogické a zdravotnické praxi / Possibilities of Motor Skills Assessment at Preschool Children

Bačíková, Miroslava January 2019 (has links)
This diploma thesis introduces the options for motor skills assessment of preschool children in the pedagogical and health care setting. This thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, the author describes the psychomotor development of a child with a focus on the preschool period. The following chapter provides an overview of pedagogical and healthcare professions that mostly focus on the psychomotor development matters. The following chapters analyse the options for motor skills diagnostics in preschool children, including an overview of the most commonly used tests. In the practical part, a set of diagnostic tasks was created for the purpose of rough estimation of motor skills levels of preschool children. The suggested task set was then put to a clinical trial in five kindergartens in two cities in the Czech Republic. The practical part consists of a description of individual tasks in the task set, their evaluation, description of the used sample of children, administration of the task set and collection of data in accordance with stated ethical principles of research. There data is then presented, analysed and the resolving power of the task set is evaluated. The addendum of the practical part contains suggested modifications of the diagnostic...

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