The problematic aspect of including LGBTQ+ perspectives in history education is that history textbooks might not contain a sufficient quantity or quality of LGBTQ+representation, in addition teachers might not be sufficiently equipped to teach history with LGBTQ+ perspectives. The purpose of this overview is to compile research regarding how LGBTQ+ perspectives are represented in the history subject in addition to which methods history teachers can use in order to include it in their teaching. In order to find the relevant research we have used the databases ERIC via EBSCO, Libsearch from EBSCO, Education Research Complete (ERC) and SwePub as well as using supplementary search methods. The material has been assessed in relation to the question: “How are LGBTQ+ related subjects represented in history textbooks and which methods may teachers use in order to include LGBTQ+ perspectives?”. The result of the compiled research indicates that using modern terms and frameworks in history education can be problematic as they are not historical but that they can also be a useful tool in order to explain history. Secondly, the research shows history textbooks lacking quantity and quality of LGBTQ+ representation. Some textbooks are shown to uphold hetero- and cis norms as well as harmful stereotypes of LGBTQ+people. Thirdly, it presents a lack of LGBTQ+ perspectives in teacher education. Further, research suggests that LGBTQ+ inclusive literature can contribute to a safer environment for students. Lastly, it shows that possible methods to include LGBTQ+ perspectives in history education are using intersectional theory, using terms such as heterosexual, representing LGBTQ+ peoples multiple identities and balancing positive and negative aspects in LGBTQ+ related subjects. In conclusion there is a lack of LGBTQ+ representation in history textbooks but history teachers can still provide LGBTQ+ perspectives in their teaching.

Many U.S. students possess only a weak knowledge of fraction arithmetic. I hypothesize that textbooks are a critical reason for students’ poor performance on fraction arithmetic. This is not because of what textbooks contain but rather because of what they lack. Distributions of fraction arithmetic problems in textbooks are imbalanced, with certain types of problems almost never presented (Braithwaite et al., 2017). As a result, students often err when they attempt to solve those rare types of problems (Siegler & Pyke, 2013). Two experiments, a pilot study (n = 40 students in grades 5 through 7) and a larger study (n = 127 students in grades 6 and 7), were conducted. These experiments utilized a pretest-intervention-posttest design to empirically test the benefits of providing either a complement of the typical textbook distribution of problems (hyperbalanced practice) or an equal distribution of problems (balanced practice) compared to the benefits of providing a practice set that followed the typical distribution found in math textbooks. A MANCOVA and follow-up ANCOVAs revealed significant differences between students in the textbook condition and students in the balanced and hyperbalanced conditions.For items involving adding fractions with unequal denominators, students who received typical textbook practice showed greater improvement and made fewer strategy errors than students who received hyperbalanced practice. For items involving multiplying two fractions with equal denominators, the opposite was true. Students who received hyperbalanced practice showed greater improvement and made fewer strategy errors than students who received typical textbook practice on items involving multiplying two fractions with equal denominators. Finally, students who received fully balanced practice showed greater improvement and made fewer strategy errors than students who received typical textbook practice on problems involving multiplying one whole number and one fraction. This last finding was of particular interest since none of the practice conditions included practice with that item type. The results of this study demonstrate that even a brief intervention in which students received extra practice with rare item types could improve performance. It also showed that gains in one type of item often resulted in decrements in others, which must be considered when making recommendations to textbook publishers and educators. In sum, this dissertation seeks to make a scholarly contribution to the field by discussing the role that textbooks play in student performance and by analyzing the benefits of supplementing typical textbook instruction with differently balanced fraction arithmetic practice.

Idag är ett stort antal av eleverna i den svenska skolan flerspråkiga. Forskning visar att elever är i stort behov av att få använda samtliga av sina språk i syfte att skapa mening och förståelse. Denna studie undersöker erbjudanden till transspråkande i tre läromedel för behovet hos flerspråkiga elever. Att få använda alla sina språk gynnar inte enbart språkinlärningen utan även självkänslan, självtilliten, inlärningen och ämneskunskaperna. Studiens resultat visar att läromedlen använder transspråkande arbetssätt i varierande omfattning. Två av tre läromedel erbjuder fler transspråkande erbjudanden än enspråkiga erbjudanden. I studiens diskussion problematiseras omfattningen och utformandet av de transspråkande arbetssätten i relation till elevers kunskapsutveckling. Alla elever i skolan gynnas av transspråkande arbetssätt.

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English has spread across the globe and it is spoken with varying pronunciations, lexical items, spellings, and grammatical structures across diverse regions and cultures. This has resulted in questioning what should represent the language for a new learner. The aim is to gain insight into how culture is presented in the ELT textbook series Champ and to examine English teachers' opinions on cultural representation in language teaching in Sweden. The Champ textbooks series for grade four underwent an analysis using Byram's criteria for cultural content (Byram, 1989). Data was collected by interviewing teachers and doing a content analysis of the Champ textbook. The findings show that the Champ does fulfil the necessary cultural requirements in the curriculum but does lack local cultural representation. The data demonstrated that teachers lack knowledge and understanding of cultural representation in language teaching. The result also revealed that teachers use the same material differently as some use the textbook more frequently than others, and due to financial situations, there are differences in using the extra material connected to the textbook.

For one year, beginning in April of 1974, the Kanawha County, West Virginia school system was involved in a bitter controversy over the content of the adopted language arts textbook series. The series generating the conflict tncluded over 325 individual book titles published by a cross-section of the major textbook companies in the United States. No one visualized the intensity of emotions, the violence and the disruption that would grip Kanawha County during 1974-75. Before the protest diminished, schools were temporarily closed; the superintendent and the president of the Board of Education resigned; people were shot or beat, cars firebombed and school buildings dynamited. The controversial language arts books were withdrawn from all the schools for a period of time and later returned after review by an appointed citizens' committee and action by the Board of Education. This study is a history of the Kanawha County textbook protest. A major portion of the research for this dissertation involved interviews and a search of documents. There is a description of West Virginia, Appalachian values and Kanawha County. Several factors, occurring prior to 1974 are examined as possible precipitating factors in the controversy. From April 1974 to April 1975 the major actions, reactions and occurrences in Kanawha County are reported using various sources to document positions taken by individuals, groups and organizations during this period. Organized chronologically, the study traces the evolution of the textbook protest and continues through the abatement of most protest activities by April of 1975. Five factors, mostly outside the control of the educational establishment that contributed to and sustained the conflict are analyzed. These include the state law regarding the seating of school board members, the role of organized labor, the lack of adequate law enforcement, the intervention of outside groups and the role of the media. The following conclusions and implications emerge from the Study. Students, teachers and administrators in Kanawha County were most deeply affected by the textbook controversy with general agreement that the effects of the protest will be felt for years to come. In the future, public schools, involving everyone directly or indirectly, will not escape as arenas of conflict and controversy. As a resuit of the social activism movement of the 1960's and 1970's and public concern over the performance and operation of the schools, educational systems across the country can expect increasing assaults on their legitimacy. although controversy may be inevitable, there are positive actions which may be taken by school boards and educational administrators to reduce or avoid the disruptiveness of a protest such as the one in Kanawha County. By establishing a broad base of commun ity support and involvement, educators may be able to avoid conflict rather than having to react to it. / Ed. D.

The objective of this study was to determine whether gender stereotypes are present in elementary reading, textbooks published during the 1980s, and how the extent of stereotyping compares with textbooks published during the last two decades. Both manifest and latent content analyses were performed on a random sample of stories drawn from 4th and 5th grade reading textbooks. Chi-square analyses were performed to determine whether significant changes have occurred with regard to gender stereotypes over the last three decades, controlling for publishing company and sex of author. Five different publishing companies, randomly selected from a list of thirteen publishers approved for use by the Virginia Board of Education in 1988, were represented in the sample. The manifest content, was analyzed by comparing the number of male and female characters, number of female and male main characters, types of occupations held by male and female characters, number of females and males in illustrations, and the race of characters. The latent content was analyzed by comparing the sex of characters most likely to exhibit each of seven different gender,stereotyped traits.. The latent content was further analyzed by looking for gender stereotyped themes and quotes, and non-traditional themes and quotes in stories. / Master of Science

No / What is management and how do the people who become managers take on a managerial identity? How does text inform the manager's identity? From cultural studies we understand that the relationship between text and reader is not passive but that each works upon the other and that text is active in forming the identity of the reader. However, analysis of management textbooks published since the 1950s reveals that textboks construct a world in which chaos is kept at bay only by strong management and in which strong management is based upon the rationality of modernity. This book exposes and analyses such claims-to-truths and theorises their arguments using the work of Butler and Foucault, the sociology of scientific knowledge, crtical legal studies, art history and queer theory. By revealing the post-modern turn in these texts,The Social Construction of Managementis both a critical and empirical study that explores the constitution of managerial identities in the age of masseducation in management. An exciting contribution to the growing body of knowledge within critical management studies, this book challenges the way we think about organizations and their management, and about management education as a whole. This is thought provoking reading for anyone studying management or working int he managerial organization

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of selected textbook publishing personnel concerning the value of state level textbook adoption systems. The perceived value has been examined in relation to intents for state level textbook adoption systems as identified in an investigation by Tulley (1983). In addition, perceptions concerning appropriateness, importance, achievability, and accomplishment of those intents for state level textbook systems and the influence of state systems beyond textbook selection decisions were investigated. The method used for the collection of data was a survey instrument, a written questionnaire, developed especially for this study. The questionnaire was designed specifically for selected textbook publishing industry authors and editors of reading programs, and regional and local sales representatives with state level textbook adoption experience. Data were derived from responses to the questionnaire with frequency count for each alternative tabulated and percentages of respondents selecting each alternative calculated and presented according to total sample, publishing firm and role responsibility of the respondent in the publishing firm. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis and domain analysis conducted with written comments. The results of this study indicate that state systems are perceived as having considerable value. Eleven generalizations related to major strengths for state level adoption systems emerged during this study. In addition, respondents noted eight of these generalizations as appropriate, achievable, and actually being accomplished. The results of this study, however, did reveal some major weaknesses of state level adoption systems. State systems’ decisions were viewed by the respondents as having impact which goes beyond the individual state. / Ed. D.

The study aims to examine the extent to which considerations of syllabus design and materials development are employed in a grade 9 English textbook of Ethiopia- English for Ethiopia: Secondary English Course: Grade 9 Students Book with particular emphasis on Multiple Intelligence Theory (MIT).The study is an evaluation research which makes use of a mixed method approach. Data were collected using interviews, coding form and a teachers’ questionnaire. The study involved English language syllabus writers in the Ministry of Education in Ethiopia. Furthermore, 50% of the contents of the Grade 9 English Textbook (6 of 12) were used for content analysis. In addition, 218 Grade 9 English teachers from fifty high schools that were drawn from 6 Regional States of the country responded to the questionnaire. In line with this, I collected quantitative data using a coding form and a questionnaire, as well as other forms of qualitative data using interview. Data were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The study revealed that the syllabus writers used the competency-based approach in developing the Grade 9 English language syllabus. However, this approach has some drawbacks. On the one hand, competency-based education is a manifestation of the behaviouristic approach that is excessively reductionist, narrow, rigid and atomized; many areas in which people need certain competencies are impossible to operationalise; the approach does not clearly show how the list of competencies could be realised, how they should be formatted and presented so as to address learner differences. Above all, describing an activity in terms of a set of different competencies is not enough in order to deal with the complexity of the learning process as a whole. Regardless of these drawbacks, CBL was used to identify and list down the contents as well as the learning outcomes to be incorporated in the textbook. Thus, the how aspect remain obscured in that a theory driven approach to developing teaching/learning materials that meet learners' differences was not markedly taken note of as a guiding framework in developing the Grade 9 English language syllabus. The study showed that the great majority of the language tasks are meant to nurture verbal/linguistic intelligence followed by interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences respectively. As a language textbook, it is good that it gives more coverage to these two intelligence profiles. When it comes to intentional application of principles of task design and materials development, many of the listening, reading and speaking lessons are appropriate in terms of providing comprehensible input, engaging students cognitively and affectively, promoting emotional/affective involvement and facilitating better language use. Similarly, visual imaging is also well taken care of with exception of few of the vocabulary and the grammar lessons. The study also revealed that the syllabus writers were well aware of the need of integrating various language skills, and it was found that the issue of using the integrated approach to ELT materials development was also well addressed and most of the language tasks are designed in an integrated manner with the exception of few of the vocabulary and the grammar lessons. Some drawbacks were also identified with few of the vocabulary and the grammar lessons in terms of providing comprehensible input and enhancing language use. On the other hand, as implementers of the textbook, the target schools’ Grade 9 English language teachers have a good understanding of language learning theories and task design principles. This understanding could help them design supplementary language tasks for their English classes. At last, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given. / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (English)