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The HIPC debt relief initiative is a controversial IMF/World Bank program. This thesis examines whether the HIPC initiative in Ghana is "pro-poor". The concept of the "poor" and what this means for pubic policy is discussed in the framework of the biblical concept of shalom, that is the promotion of human wellbeing, within the context of Northern Ghana. To enable a fair assessment of the HIPC program in Northern Ghana, a review of Ghana's debt crisis is provided alongside a brief economic history. The origin of the debt crisis is traced to the first republic. A review of HIPC is undertaken from the perspectives of both theory and its practical implication. In the implementation process, particularly in Northern Ghana, the research identifies a number of infrastructural projects being accomplished by the HIPC funds and evaluates their usefulness and relevance. The thesis argues that there are three strengths to HIPC in Northern Ghana, namely, political accountability, social participation and infrastructure development; and that there are six weakness, namely, dependency syndrome, cultural relevance, ethnic conflict, adult capability development, personnel provision and economic distribution. It concludes that problem of human development that has been lacking in Ghana's economic policies, and the crisis of skilled personnel could undermine the provisions of HIPC in Northern Ghana to contribute meaningfully to shalom, or some measure of real development in people's life. / Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.

Univ., Diss.--Zürich, 2001.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Clark Atlanta University, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 341-355).

This study had two major purposes: (a) to investigate and compare the perceptions of District Education Officers, principals and teachers about the management of secondary school effectiveness in Zimbabwe and (b) to probe contextualised secondary school management initiatives that could trigger school effectiveness in Zimbabwe. The study is divided into six interlinked chapters. In the first chapter, the problem of intractability in the management of school effectiveness in Zimbabwe's secondary schools is focused upon. The second chapter attempts to highlight the resource, social, economic, political and cultural realities of secondary school life in developing countries (including Zimbabwe) from which any theories of school management and school effectiveness must derive. The third chapter, explores different ways to understand and interpret the realities described in chapter two. To do this, the chapter focuses on ways in which "modern" and traditional" practices intersect in secondary school in Zimbabwe to produce bureaucratic facades. The fourth chapter, which is largely imbedded In the context theory, emerges from chapters one, two and three and focuses on the methodology and methods used in this study. Chapter five, which subsequently matures into a suggested framework for managing secondary school effectiveness in Zimbabwe, contains perceptual data which were obtained from 16 District Education Officers, 262 secondary school principals and 5 secondary school teachers drawn from 8 provinces, 4 provinces and 1 province respectively. Factor analysis of the existing situation In Zimbabwe's secondary schools produced 7 major variables that were perceived to be associated with secondary school management intractability In Zimbabwe: • lack of clear vision about what should constitute secondary school effectiveness; • management strategies that lack both vertical and horizontal congruence; • inappropriate organisational structures; • rhetorical policies and procedures; • inadequate material and non-material resources; • lack of attention to both internal and external environments of secondary schools; and • inadequate principal capacity-building. These perceptual data, subsequently crystallized into the following suggested management initiatives: • establishment of goals and outcomes achievable by the majority of learners; • establishment of clear and contextualised indicators for secondary schooling goals and outcomes; • establishment of democratic and flexible organisational and secondary school management processes; and • replacement of ''ivory tower", rhetoria~l policies and procedures with contextualised ones / Teacher Education / D. Ed. (Education Management)

O objetivo geral deste trabalho é compreender as razões da autonomia burocrática das organizações financeiras internacionais. O objetivo específico é entender porque o Banco Mundial alcançou um grau maior de autonomia do que o Fundo Monetário Internacional a despeito de possuírem estruturas de governança parecidas e terem sido criados no mesmo contexto histórico. Acreditamos que as razões desta diferença residem na burocracia com expertise mais diversificada do Banco Mundial em contraste a burocracia com expertise mais rígida do FMI. Uma burocracia mais diversificada aumenta as possibilidades de formação de coalizões com ONGs em torno de policies de interesse da burocracia. Estas coalizões aumentam os custos de intervenção dos Estados para alterar ou barrar as policies defendidas pelo corpo burocrático. Assim, nossa hipótese é a seguinte: quanto maior a diversidade de expertise da burocracia internacional maior será a possibilidade de formação de coalizões com ONGs em torno de policies de seu interesse e, conseqüentemente, maior será sua autonomia burocrática. Do ponto de vista teórico utilizamos a teoria agente-principal para discutir burocracias internacionais. Do ponto de vista metodológico utilizamos o método comparativo com base em instrumentos qualitativos de análise e estatística descritiva. / The main goal of this dissertation is to understand the building of bureaucratic autonomy among international financial organizations. The specific goal is to understand why the World Bank has reached more bureaucratic autonomy than the International Monetary Fund regardless the fact that both have similar institutional structures. We believe that the reason for such difference is a more diverse expertise of the World Bank compared to the IMF. We claim that a more diverse bureaucracy increases the likelihood of coalition formation with NGOs. Such coalitions aim to support policies that are important for both the bureaucracy and the NGOs. Consequently, they increase the costs for both State intervention and State control over the organization. The higher costs of intervention and control allow bureaucrats to act more freely according to their interests. Hence, our hypothesis is the following: the more diverse the bureaucratic expertise, the more likely is the formation of coalitions between bureaucracy and NGOs, and the greater the costs for State control and intervention. Higher intervention and control costs, in turn, increase bureaucratic autonomy. We use mainly qualitative research methods with some descriptive statistics.

Orientador: Pedro Paulo Zahluth Bastos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T15:52:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Young_VictorAugustoFerraz_M.pdf: 3218835 bytes, checksum: f61a05becd61f76d94e84d26a8821a71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Com fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, estabeleceu-se no mundo uma nova conformação política e econômica derivada dos resultados do conflito. De um lado, constitui-se o bloco socialista sob a liderança soviética, ao qual, em 1949, se juntaria a China, de outro lado, formou-se o bloco dos países capitalistas liderados pelos Estados Unidos que saíra da guerra como a maior potência econômica e militar do globo. O mundo capitalista, a partir daí, reestruturou-se, restaurando as forças produtivas industriais das anteriores economias mais desenvolvidas. Receberam estas, para que se mantivessem como nações capitalistas, o auxílio dos Estados Unidos, através do Plano Marshall para Europa e de volumosa ajuda econômica para o Japão. Reconfigurou-se, então, um novo sistema de acumulação baseado, a princípio, na esfera industrial sob moldes mais concentrados e expandidos internacionalmente por meio da constituição das empresas multinacionais. Estava conformada, portanto, uma nova estrutura de competição por mercados tanto nos países do centro mais desenvolvido, quanto na periferia. Países subdesenvolvidos como o Brasil, buscavam, ao mesmo tempo, inserir-se de maneira menos subalterna ao renovado sistema capitalista, concatenando esforços para constituir forças produtivas industriais que permitissem melhor posição na divisão internacional do trabalho. O Plano de Metas do governo de Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-1961) era a tentativa que se faria para a complementação desse projeto. A dependência em relação aos produtos primários de exportação, principalmente o café, seria o limitante que obrigaria o país a melhor barganhar opções para essa inserção, pois havia necessidade de capital e tecnologia não disponíveis localmente. Muitos dos investimentos necessários foram conseguidos junto à Europa e ao Japão, mas a ajuda econômica dos Estados Unidos era ainda imprescindível. O propósito deste trabalho é exatamente o de analisar os pleitos brasileiros e as exigências que enfrentaria caso quisesse obtê-los. A resposta e os interesses norte-americanos nas suas relações com o Brasil não eram exatamente aqueles que estavam dentro das expectativas brasileiras de desenvolvimento econômico / Abstract: With the end of World War II, a new political and economic conformation was set forth in the world, derived from the results of the conflict. On one hand, the socialist bloc was established under Soviet leadership, which, in 1949, would join China and, on the other hand, a bloc of capitalist countries was formed led by the United States that had emerged from the war as the world's greatest economic and military power. From there on, the capitalist world was restructured, restoring the productive industrial power of the previous more developed economies. These nations were given, in order to remain as capitalist nations, the U.S. aid through the Marshall Plan for Europe and massive economic aid for Japan. Then, a new system of accumulation was reconfigured, based in principle, on the industrial sphere, under more internationally concentrated and expanded patterns, through the establishment of multinational companies. Therefore, a new competition framework was created, both by markets in more developed countries of the center, as well as in the suburbs. Developing countries like Brazil, were seeking, at the same time, an insertion in a less subordinate way into the new capitalist system, joining efforts to establish industrial productive forces allowing a better position in the international division of labor. The Target Plan of Juscelino Kubitschek's government (1956-1961) was the attempt that would be done for the complementation of this project. The dependence on primary commodity exports, mainly coffee, would be the limiting force obliging the country to bargain better options for that insertion, because there was a need for capital and technology, not available locally. Many of the required investments were obtained from with Europe and Japan, but the U.S. economic aid was still essential. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, exactly, the causes of Brazil and the demands that would face to win them. The response and the American interests in its relations with Brazil were not exactly those that were within the Brazilian expectations of economic development / Mestrado / Historia Economica / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

The disclosure of information about the policy making process and the release of new databases may add relevant information about the exchange rate to guide the public's expectation, but may also mislead it. Asymmetric information also reinforces the importance of the learning process for policy makers and financial markets. This dissertation focuses on the role of information in the political economics of exchange rates. The two first chapters provide empirical studies of how access to information shapes and constraints the choice of exchange rate policy (official statement and implemented policy). The last chapter considers the question of whether international banks learn from their previous crisis experiences and reduce their lending to developing countries as a result of a financial crisis. It focuses on the experience accumulated with past financial crises. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Magister Legum - LLM

Magister Legum - LLM / This research acknowledges that although literature abounds on development assistance in general, not much has been published yet on Cameroon specifically. Therefore, this mini-thesis seeks to contribute to fill this gap. Moreover, it aims to examine both development assistance legislative frameworks in Cameroon and above all to compare them in order to find out which development assistance approach is the most aligned in terms of international obligations relative to human rights and economic development. The IMF-World Bank’s Comprehensive Approach to debt Reduction, (the HIPC Initiative), and China’s White Paper on Foreign Aid have been specifically chosen for this research for two main reasons: first, these two international instruments are significantly impacting upon and reshaping Cameroon’s political, social and economic development architecture since Cameroon economic crisis exists till today; and secondly, to enlighten the public, academicians, policy makers, on development assistance in Cameroon given that legal sources on the topic exist but mostly unpublished and inaccessible Therefore this research will be restricted to the period from Cameroon’s economic crisis in 1980 up to 2014. Given the limited availability of primary legal sources at both the international and domestic levels, this research will primarily look at HIPC Initiative Agreement and the Chinese White Paper on Foreign Aid. Moreover, this study will be conducted in form of the available HIPC documents and reports on Cameroon regularly published by the staff of IMF and the World Bank and specifically the HIPC Decision Point Document and the HIPC Completion Point Document of Cameroon. In addition, this study will rely on primary legal sources relative to states international obligations regarding human rights and economic cooperation such as, the UDHR (10 December 1948), the ICCPR (16 December 1966), the ICESCR (16 December 1966) and the Declaration on the Right to Development (4 December 1986). In the case of China’s development assistance approach, given that neither China nor Cameroon release specific bilateral treaties or agreements related to their development co-operation and the fact that documents and publications relative to Cameroon’s development assistance are mostly unpublished and inaccessible, this study will principally focus on the Chinese White Paper on Foreign Aid. It will also look, amongst others, at the Beijing Declaration of the FOCAC (2004), the White Paper on China-Africa Economic and Trade Co-operation (August 2013). Moreover this research will be complemented through secondary sources such as books, journals articles, report, working papers, press reviews, drafts, deliberation of international conferences and international summits, and internet sources