The aim of the master paper `Interaction of pedagogical and social functions of the instructor of an art amateur association is to reveal the pedagogical and social factions of the instructor of an art amateurs association. The object of investigation in qualitative evaluation of the interrelation between an art amateur association and it’s instructor. The author of the paper analyses qualitative evaluation of the interrelation between the participants of an art amateur association and their instructor reveals the interaction of pedagogical and social functions of the instructor of an art amateur association. She also analyses the motivation of the existence of an art amateurs association – the activities of an art amateur association – means of education and artistic development. Besides, the author investigates the functions (training, teaching, education) of the instructor of an association, educating the participants. Social functions – developing skills of full value modern social communication – are also analyzed. Investigating pedagogical and social functions of the instructor of an art amateur association and their interrelation, the author interrogated 200 participants of art amateur associations and presented the results in tables and diagrams. The conclusion is that the aim of the pedagogical (training, teaching, education) and social (training) functions of the instructor of an art amateur association is one – to help a persona s a personality to realize his... [to full text]

Eighty-three Texas high school football stadiums have opened since 2008. Both pro stadiums and amateur stadiums have found their way into the ire of economists, who decry such expensive projects as lavish and foolhardy. Sociologists meanwhile point to ambition and pride as contributing to the growth of professional and amateur stadiums.

The dissertation examines how image-making, a common pastime, was made common. It investigates the ways in which the production and consumption of images in the context of the North American family contributed to the development of a distinctly domestic and privatized visual culture, and the transformation of the home into a site for privatized spectatorship. / Four cultural forms (No. 1 Kodak, Box Brownie, Cine Kodak and Cine Kodak 8) are specified in this development, all pioneered by the Eastman Kodak Company. The dissertation traces Eastman Kodak's direct involvement in the popularization of image practices. It analyzes strategies used by them to make this possible, namely an appeal to the becoming lifestyles of the bourgeois and middle-classes. / The analysis links the popularization of image-making and consuming practices to other popular amusements (i.e. cycling, cinema-going) to work against an artifact-centred analysis. Issues of gender and generation are critically evaluated as concepts used to instill image-making as a popular, family practice. Shifts in modern temporal and spatial experience, as well as mobility are also explored in relation to popular image-making.

The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the public music-making by locals in Holmsund 1850—1980, and to explain the great variety of musical forms in hope to thereby illuminate the importance of local music-making for the workers' musical taste, but also how workers' musical aesthetics were affected by a more general working-class culture. The variety of musical forms is explained according to John Blacking's distinction between change of musical system, and variation and innovation within a musical system. There are two major changes of the musical system. The first generations of workers in Holmsund were recruited from the surrounding countryside, and the main structure of their music-making seems to have remained unchanged. During the 1880s and 1890s there is an introduction of new elements which dominate the whole industrial epoch: brass instruments become the most highly valued instruments, and the thoroughly organized group playing. The new ideals of instrument sound are related to the new soundscape of the industrial society. Organized group playing is seen as homological with the social organization of industrial production, where the work of individuals in different departments is coordinated by a conductor/executive in power. During the decade of the 1960s the musical system is once more changed. Electronic technology changes the concepts of sounds and distribution forms, the influence of local music-making on public musical taste became marginal. Local music-making cannot therefore be said to reflect a workers' aesthetic, but should rather be interpreted as tendencies counteracting the professionalism and mediafication of modern society. These epochal models outline the basic structural frame of the musical system of each period and the role assigned to local music-making. At the same time there is a great variety of musical forms within each period. These variations are systematized as temporarily-used ways fo managing certain pairs of concepts, which are seen as oppositional or complementary. These pairs are: individual/collective, ideals of equality/professionalization, education/entertainment, continuity/innovation, culture/subculture, and male/female. Finally, the ways in which values and attitudes of the general working-class culture influence the local music scene are analyzed. Instead of the abstract ideals of composition, the usefulness of the music is stressed in popular aesthetics. The genius cult of art musics does not fit into popular music situations, where the will to work hard for the audience is valued instead. Ways of relating to the body form another distinction between bourgeois and worker culture. Popular music is much centred around dance music, which is also used in concert situations. What these values and attitudes have in common is that they are part of a popular aesthetic which the educated aesthetic uses as a negative reference point. / digitalisering@umu

This project grew out of an interest in notions of ‘home’, what ‘home’ is and its relationship to the ‘house’ as a physical place of dwelling. Specifically, this project explores how the home is represented in vernacular image-making, such as the photographs in the family album and craft methods such as cross-stitch. This lead to an investigation into vernacular photography, collections and archives, and contemporary craft methods. An archive of photographs collected follows the text, as well as drawings and embroideries made during the project. The final work consists of a large-scale projection of a cross-stitch and the photograph it originated from.

O presente trabalho propõe uma descrição, análise e interpretação do lugar do futebol no cotidiano da Vila Campos do Cristal, em Porto Alegre, uma comunidade que se estabeleceu em torno de quatro campos de futebol e foi - após quase 30 anos - realocada para um conjunto habitacional. Apesar da melhoria nas condições de vida no novo espaço, a comunidade demonstrava descontentamento pela ausência de um aspecto básico de seu modo de vida: o futebol e seus arredores. Isso nos conduziu à questão central da dissertação: qual o lugar do futebol no modo de vida dessa população? Tomando os debates sobre cultura, espaço, lazer e futebol como referência, a pesquisa foi realizada através de trabalho de campo (entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação participante). Consideramos que o futebol, já presente no processo de constituição da Vila Campos do Cristal, era parte da vida cotidiana da comunidade e, como prática de lazer relacionada ao universo das festas, era um elemento central na caracterização daquele espaço, contribuindo para a construção dos significados e do fortalecimento dos laços de sociabilidade e pertencimento na comunidade. / The work proposes the description, analysis and interpretation of the place of the soccer in the every-day life of the Vila Campos do Cristal, in Porto Alegre, a village that was formed around four soccer fields and was - after almost 30 years - replaced in allotments. Even though the new space had better living conditions, the population showed discontent with the absence of something that seemed basic for their lives: soccer and its surroundings. lt led to the question: what is the place of soccer in the way of life of that population? Having the discussions on culture, space, leisure and soccer as reference, the answer this question was sought After the field work (semi-structured interviews and observations) one can consider that the soccer, already present in the process of constitution of Vila Campos do Cristal, was part of the every-day life of that community and, as leisure practice linked to the universe of party, was a central element in the characterization of that space, giving it meanings and strengthening the web of sociability and belonging.

This research entails a close analysis of the contemporary home environment. The study of the home environment and the relationship between domestic spaces and residents is a noteworthy trend in design studies. This opens up the possibility of investigating gender influence on interior design. This study focuses on the role of women in designing living spaces’ interiors, to unveil the women's role and participation in their home environment. The main focus of this study is the design role of women in family living rooms, particularly in the context of Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. The study articulates how women leave identity footprints on the space they have designed and used. My research indicates that the interior design of any space is more complex than simply shaping the use of space; it also reinforces the woman’s influence. The methodological framework has been structured into two main approaches: a case study approach, which involved in-depth case studies of living spaces, and an ethnographical approach, which involved in-depth interviews with middle-class housewives in their living rooms. The latter approach aimed to seek information about experiences, performances, interactions and values in the home environment, and enables identity presentation in the family living room. In addition, associated methods, such as photographic and video records, coding the living space features and visual observation of the living room were used to document every detail of the living space, to enrich data collection and unpack the environmental meanings. These mixed methods helped to understand the reality of women’s home experiences and provide a compelling portrait of women’s roles and identities within their living spaces. The main theoretical paradigms are Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity and Erving Goffman’s work on the presentation of self in social interaction, to investigate the gender roles and types of performance in the domestic living rooms. The practice of structuring the living room, furnishing and decorating the space interiors and the spatial arrangement illustrate the different circumstances in which women play their roles and have influence in distinct ways in the living rooms’ contexts. How Saudi women use the living space for their private activities and social relationships is examined, to investigate the presentation of Saudi women’s identity and position in the home and beyond. This research has explored Saudi women’s performativity through their design experience and everyday engagement with the interior space and objects within their domestic living rooms; these performances represent their priorities in various roles through which social visibility is assumed. This research has established a new understanding of what goes on behind the closed doors of Jeddah homes. It has been found that Saudi housewives (with no formal interior design education or qualifications) dominate the design of domestic interiors. A new group of designers has been identified, who need to be recognised and acknowledged. In this research context, these Saudi housewives in Jeddah are amateur homemakers and interior designers, designing their home spaces and doing the job like any other professional designers. In this case, they must be acknowledged socially.

O futebol é um dos esportes mais praticados no Brasil, mas apesar da importância que se dá a esse esporte no alto rendimento, há outros significados que o futebol pode representar para os seus praticantes, sobretudo nos momentos de lazer. O futebol de várzea representa uma configuração do futebol, sendo notado a existência de diversos praticantes e de campeonatos organizados em várias cidades do país. Em Porto Alegre há uma competição chamada Campeonato Municipal de Futebol de Várzea de Porto Alegre, no qual em um estudo já foram observadas divergências e mudanças durante um período a respeito de sua organização e da lógica esportiva. Levando em consideração esses aspectos referentes às controvérsias na administração do “Municipal da várzea”, o objetivo desse estudo é compreender de que forma o Campeonato Municipal de Várzea de Porto Alegre, em um processo histórico, vem se desenvolvendo através da cadeia de interdependências entre os seus participantes, assim como analisar as mudanças ocasionadas por essa cadeia. Também tenho como objetivo entender como os participantes do Campeonato vêm lidando com as divergências nas lógicas esportivas adotadas desde o seu surgimento, em 1993, até os dias atuais. Para desenvolver a investigação, efetuei um ‘olhar configuracional’ à competição e utilizei a pesquisa histórica como metodologia: realizei entrevistas semiestruturadas e consulta em documentos. Através de capítulos divididos em ordem cronológica, apresento os resultados encontrados, iniciando com o relato do surgimento do Campeonato. Desde o princípio, nas relações de interdependências da configuração houve interesses e disputas entre os envolvidos com a competição, principalmente entre a Prefeitura e as Ligas Amadoras de Futebol. Nos anos iniciais não houve grandes oscilações no equilíbrio de poder entre estas duas instituições. A cadeia de interdependências foi aumentando ao passar dos anos, sendo ampliada através de mais ‘atores’. Esse aumento na cadeia de interdependências além de ocasionar mudanças na estrutura do Campeonato, também provocou ambição entre os participantes. Dessa forma, os presidentes das Ligas solicitaram participar da organização da segunda fase da competição, iniciando uma oscilação no equilíbrio de poder entre elas e a SME. Na mudança de Governo Municipal e, assim, do Gerente de Futebol, há a inserção das Ligas na coordenação da segunda fase, na qual aquelas ‘mais organizadas’ aumentam o seu nível de poder. Somente quando o primeiro Gerente de Futebol retorna à administração da competição é que há novamente a oscilação no equilíbrio de poder entre ambas as instituições. A lógica esportiva também é alterada quando há essa troca na Prefeitura, se antes havia flexibilidade no cumprimento das regras, para abranger os mais diversos participantes, nesse período o Campeonato é conduzido com uma rigidez nas normas e uma similaridade ao futebol profissional, causando a exclusão de vários participantes. Esses resultados me possibilitaram concluir que, mesmo com uma limitação no ‘olhar’ sob a cadeia de interdependências, foi possível demonstrar a sua influência nas mudanças na organização do Municipal e na lógica do esporte. Através deste trabalho, também foi possível observar que a heterogeneidade no futebol de várzea pode existir inclusive no interior de uma única competição, o que acaba por trazer reflexos no que se refere às políticas públicas de esporte e de lazer. / Football is one of the most popular sport in Brazil but despite the importance given to this sport in high performance, football can also have a different meaning for its practitioners, especially in times of leisure. The amateur football represents a football configuration; and the existence of many practitioners and organized championships in cities across the country can be noted. In Porto Alegre there is a competition called “Campeonato Municipal de Futebol de Várzea de Porto Alegre” or simply “Municipal da Várzea”, where in a study shows that divergences and changes have been observed over a period during their organization and the sports logic. Taking into consideration aspects related to the controversies in the administration of the "Municipal da várzea", the aim of this study is to understand how the Campeonato Municipal de Várzea de Porto Alegre, in a historical process, has been developed through the interdependencies chain between its participants, as well as analysing the changes caused by this chain. It is also my aim to explain how the participants of this competition have been dealing with the divergencies at the sports logic adopted since its inception, in 1993, until today. To develop this research, I used a "configurational look” to the competition and I used historical research as a methodology: I conducted semi-structured interviews and I consulted documents. By means of chapters divided into chronological order, I present the results found, starting with a report of the competition appearance. From the beginning, at the interdependencies relationships of this configuration, there were interests and disputes among those involved in the competition, especially between the City Hall and the Amateur Football Leagues. In the early years there were no major fluctuations in the balance of power between these two institutions. The interdependencies chain has been increasing over the years, being expanded with more ‘actors'. This increase in interdependencies chain in addition to causing changes in the championship structure also caused ambition among participants. Thereby, the presidents of the Leagues have requested to participate in the organization of the second stage of the competition, initiating a swing in the balance of power between them and the SME (Municipal Secretary of Sports). With the change of Municipal Government and therefore the Football Manager, there is an insertion of the Leagues into the coordination of the second phase, in which those 'more organized' increase their levels of power. Only when the first Football Manager returns to the administration of the competition once more there is an oscillation of the balance of power between the two institutions. Sport logic is also modified when there is this exchange at the City Hall, if before there was flexibility in compliance with the rules to embrace the most diverse participants, in this period the Championship is conducted with a rigidity in the rules and similarity to professional football, causing exclusion of several participants. These results allowed me to conclude that even with a limitation on the 'look' of the interdependencies chain, it was possible to demonstrate its influence to the changes in the organization of the Municipal and of the sport logic. Through this work, it was also possible to observe that the heterogeneity in the amateur football can exist even within a single competition, which ultimately bring reflections with regard to public policies of sport and leisure.

O presente trabalho propõe uma descrição, análise e interpretação do lugar do futebol no cotidiano da Vila Campos do Cristal, em Porto Alegre, uma comunidade que se estabeleceu em torno de quatro campos de futebol e foi - após quase 30 anos - realocada para um conjunto habitacional. Apesar da melhoria nas condições de vida no novo espaço, a comunidade demonstrava descontentamento pela ausência de um aspecto básico de seu modo de vida: o futebol e seus arredores. Isso nos conduziu à questão central da dissertação: qual o lugar do futebol no modo de vida dessa população? Tomando os debates sobre cultura, espaço, lazer e futebol como referência, a pesquisa foi realizada através de trabalho de campo (entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação participante). Consideramos que o futebol, já presente no processo de constituição da Vila Campos do Cristal, era parte da vida cotidiana da comunidade e, como prática de lazer relacionada ao universo das festas, era um elemento central na caracterização daquele espaço, contribuindo para a construção dos significados e do fortalecimento dos laços de sociabilidade e pertencimento na comunidade. / The work proposes the description, analysis and interpretation of the place of the soccer in the every-day life of the Vila Campos do Cristal, in Porto Alegre, a village that was formed around four soccer fields and was - after almost 30 years - replaced in allotments. Even though the new space had better living conditions, the population showed discontent with the absence of something that seemed basic for their lives: soccer and its surroundings. lt led to the question: what is the place of soccer in the way of life of that population? Having the discussions on culture, space, leisure and soccer as reference, the answer this question was sought After the field work (semi-structured interviews and observations) one can consider that the soccer, already present in the process of constitution of Vila Campos do Cristal, was part of the every-day life of that community and, as leisure practice linked to the universe of party, was a central element in the characterization of that space, giving it meanings and strengthening the web of sociability and belonging.

O futebol é um dos esportes mais praticados no Brasil, mas apesar da importância que se dá a esse esporte no alto rendimento, há outros significados que o futebol pode representar para os seus praticantes, sobretudo nos momentos de lazer. O futebol de várzea representa uma configuração do futebol, sendo notado a existência de diversos praticantes e de campeonatos organizados em várias cidades do país. Em Porto Alegre há uma competição chamada Campeonato Municipal de Futebol de Várzea de Porto Alegre, no qual em um estudo já foram observadas divergências e mudanças durante um período a respeito de sua organização e da lógica esportiva. Levando em consideração esses aspectos referentes às controvérsias na administração do “Municipal da várzea”, o objetivo desse estudo é compreender de que forma o Campeonato Municipal de Várzea de Porto Alegre, em um processo histórico, vem se desenvolvendo através da cadeia de interdependências entre os seus participantes, assim como analisar as mudanças ocasionadas por essa cadeia. Também tenho como objetivo entender como os participantes do Campeonato vêm lidando com as divergências nas lógicas esportivas adotadas desde o seu surgimento, em 1993, até os dias atuais. Para desenvolver a investigação, efetuei um ‘olhar configuracional’ à competição e utilizei a pesquisa histórica como metodologia: realizei entrevistas semiestruturadas e consulta em documentos. Através de capítulos divididos em ordem cronológica, apresento os resultados encontrados, iniciando com o relato do surgimento do Campeonato. Desde o princípio, nas relações de interdependências da configuração houve interesses e disputas entre os envolvidos com a competição, principalmente entre a Prefeitura e as Ligas Amadoras de Futebol. Nos anos iniciais não houve grandes oscilações no equilíbrio de poder entre estas duas instituições. A cadeia de interdependências foi aumentando ao passar dos anos, sendo ampliada através de mais ‘atores’. Esse aumento na cadeia de interdependências além de ocasionar mudanças na estrutura do Campeonato, também provocou ambição entre os participantes. Dessa forma, os presidentes das Ligas solicitaram participar da organização da segunda fase da competição, iniciando uma oscilação no equilíbrio de poder entre elas e a SME. Na mudança de Governo Municipal e, assim, do Gerente de Futebol, há a inserção das Ligas na coordenação da segunda fase, na qual aquelas ‘mais organizadas’ aumentam o seu nível de poder. Somente quando o primeiro Gerente de Futebol retorna à administração da competição é que há novamente a oscilação no equilíbrio de poder entre ambas as instituições. A lógica esportiva também é alterada quando há essa troca na Prefeitura, se antes havia flexibilidade no cumprimento das regras, para abranger os mais diversos participantes, nesse período o Campeonato é conduzido com uma rigidez nas normas e uma similaridade ao futebol profissional, causando a exclusão de vários participantes. Esses resultados me possibilitaram concluir que, mesmo com uma limitação no ‘olhar’ sob a cadeia de interdependências, foi possível demonstrar a sua influência nas mudanças na organização do Municipal e na lógica do esporte. Através deste trabalho, também foi possível observar que a heterogeneidade no futebol de várzea pode existir inclusive no interior de uma única competição, o que acaba por trazer reflexos no que se refere às políticas públicas de esporte e de lazer. / Football is one of the most popular sport in Brazil but despite the importance given to this sport in high performance, football can also have a different meaning for its practitioners, especially in times of leisure. The amateur football represents a football configuration; and the existence of many practitioners and organized championships in cities across the country can be noted. In Porto Alegre there is a competition called “Campeonato Municipal de Futebol de Várzea de Porto Alegre” or simply “Municipal da Várzea”, where in a study shows that divergences and changes have been observed over a period during their organization and the sports logic. Taking into consideration aspects related to the controversies in the administration of the "Municipal da várzea", the aim of this study is to understand how the Campeonato Municipal de Várzea de Porto Alegre, in a historical process, has been developed through the interdependencies chain between its participants, as well as analysing the changes caused by this chain. It is also my aim to explain how the participants of this competition have been dealing with the divergencies at the sports logic adopted since its inception, in 1993, until today. To develop this research, I used a "configurational look” to the competition and I used historical research as a methodology: I conducted semi-structured interviews and I consulted documents. By means of chapters divided into chronological order, I present the results found, starting with a report of the competition appearance. From the beginning, at the interdependencies relationships of this configuration, there were interests and disputes among those involved in the competition, especially between the City Hall and the Amateur Football Leagues. In the early years there were no major fluctuations in the balance of power between these two institutions. The interdependencies chain has been increasing over the years, being expanded with more ‘actors'. This increase in interdependencies chain in addition to causing changes in the championship structure also caused ambition among participants. Thereby, the presidents of the Leagues have requested to participate in the organization of the second stage of the competition, initiating a swing in the balance of power between them and the SME (Municipal Secretary of Sports). With the change of Municipal Government and therefore the Football Manager, there is an insertion of the Leagues into the coordination of the second phase, in which those 'more organized' increase their levels of power. Only when the first Football Manager returns to the administration of the competition once more there is an oscillation of the balance of power between the two institutions. Sport logic is also modified when there is this exchange at the City Hall, if before there was flexibility in compliance with the rules to embrace the most diverse participants, in this period the Championship is conducted with a rigidity in the rules and similarity to professional football, causing exclusion of several participants. These results allowed me to conclude that even with a limitation on the 'look' of the interdependencies chain, it was possible to demonstrate its influence to the changes in the organization of the Municipal and of the sport logic. Through this work, it was also possible to observe that the heterogeneity in the amateur football can exist even within a single competition, which ultimately bring reflections with regard to public policies of sport and leisure.