À partir de l’œuvre du cinéaste et artiste hongrois Péter Forgács, la thèse aborde plus généralement la question du remontage de films amateurs dans le documentaire contemporain et examine les enjeux esthétiques, historiques et politiques du remploi des films de famille. Les concepts de déterritorialisation et de reterritorialisation développés par Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari nous permettent d’interroger la manière dont la pratique « archéologique » du remontage ouvre les films de famille à de multiples resignifications. Comment traversent-ils des territoires esthétiques, géographiques, institutionnels et politiques, de mémoire, d’histoire et de pensée ? Comment, à travers le temps, les histoires que contiennent ces rouleaux des pellicules substandard sont-elles traversées par l’Histoire ? Comment ces films peuvent-ils, rétrospectivement, subvertir la construction officielle de l’histoire et de la mémoire et renégocier la perception du temps historique ? Quelle métahistoire construisent-ils ?L’analyse de la déterritorialisation et de la reterritorialisation des films de famille par le remploi, nous permet d’interroger la manière dont la pratique du remontage crée un nouveau territoire cinématographique, où la mémoire et l’histoire du passé comme de l’avenir peuvent être creusées dans et par l’image. Ici apparaissent les enjeux poét(h)iques et politiques du remploi. / Through the work of Hungarian artist and filmmaker Péter Forgács, the thesis addresses the question of the reuse (remontage) of amateur films in contemporary documentary and examines the aesthetic, historical and political implications of the appropriation of home movies. The concepts of deterritorialization and reterritorialization developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari allow us to question how the “archeological” practice of reassembly exposes home movies to multiple significations. How can they traverse aesthetic, geographical, institutional and political territories as well as territories of memory, history and thought? How are the stories contained in these rolls of substandard film traversed by History? How can these films subvert the official construction of history and memory and renegotiate the perception of historical time? What metahistory do they establish?The analysis of deterritorialization and reterritorialization of home movies allows us to question how the practice of reassembly creates a new cinematographic territory, in which memory and history of the past, as of the future, can be mined in and by the image. Thus remontage implicates poet(h)ical and political issues.

Le corpus de films est constitué par les films amateurs tournés par les coloniaux dans les colonies françaises, Madagascar et le Sénégal. Ce corpus source est enrichi des films contemporains les utilisant. Dans le cadre d'une pratique d'action-recherche, deux films ont été réalisés. En 3 mouvements nous avons essayé de déterminer la valeur des films amateurs coloniaux aujourd’hui. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur l’anthropologie pragmatique et la philosophie de l’ordinaire pour comprendre les enjeux de ces films. Nos enquêtes révèlent que cette absence de valeur correspond à un déni de réalité de la situation coloniale, niant à la fois les injustices et les liens affectifs qui avaient pu être créées principalement entre les enfants de colons et les domestiques. D'où le paradoxe : des films dits "domestiques", les domestiques sont absents. Cette absence est essentielle. Sans les nounous et les boys, ces films sont des no man’s land. De plus, le contexte colonial crée un rapport d'illégitimité voir d'illégalité de ces films. En conclusion nous proposons d'une part une méthode de reconstruction cinématographique qui mette au cœur de son dispositif les trois acteurs liés aux films amateurs : les filmeurs, les filmés, les personnes dans le Hors champs. D'autre part nous proposons la création d'un institut des films amateurs coloniaux reposant sur des principes établis par un éthique de l'archivistique audiovisuelle et qui permettrait aux anciens colonisés de se réapproprier les images spoliées de leur propre passé à une époque où il y avait un monopole des moyens de production audiovisuelle. Cela répondrait à une justice mémorielle, audiovisuelle et affective. / The films corpus is made by amateur films shot by colonials in the French colonies, Madagascar and Senegal. This source corpus is enriched by contemporary films using these amateur films and films from the colonial era. As part of a practice of action research, two films were made. In 3 movements we tried to determine the value colonial home movies may have today. We relied on the pragmatic anthropology and ordinary philosophy to understand the issues of these films. The starting assumption was that these films had been abandoned, they had no more value as a result of a colonial state denied by settlers. Our historical and sociological surveys show that this lack of value is a denial of reality of the colonial situation, denying both injustice and emotional ties that had been created mainly between the settler children and servants. Hence the paradox of films called "domestic" is that domestics are absent. This lack is essential. Without nannies and boys, these films are a no man's land. Moreover, the colonial context creates a report view illegitimacy illegality of these films. In conclusion we propose firstly a cinematic reconstruction method that puts the heart of its system linked to the three actors amateur films: the filmmakers, the filmed people and those in the fields Out. Secondly we propose the creation of an institute of colonial amateur films based on principles established by an ethic of audiovisual archiving that allow former colonized to reclaim the images of their own past at a time when there was a monopoly of audiovisual means of production. This would respond to a memorial, audiovisual and emotional justice.

The concept of community is receiving increasing attentionacross organizations and throughout the entire society.Voluntary association, creation of value, and solidarity incommunity contexts get more and more appreciated and nurturedwithin companies and other organizations. At the same time,lack of community is raised lately by Western sociologists as amajor source of alarm while the large participationpossibilities provided by the Internet are seen as a hope forremedy. This thesis aims to contribute in the area of technologydesign for communities by seeking to gain understanding ofvoluntary community work and to design artefacts in support forsuch work. Community work is studied through anethnographically-inspired approach for empirical observation ofcommunity activity and the artefacts that support it. Fieldstudy of‘voluntary working order’was conducted inseveral voluntary communities: amateur radio and three studentorganisations. In studying such working order, one mustrenounce a set of assumptions that are commonly made aboutwork, starting with the very idea of remuneration as a basicmotivation. Instead, challenge as a major motivation isproposed for work in voluntary communities. To draw inspirationfor future design, an examination is made of the way thismotivation is reflected in the features of technology createdby the communities for their own use, in the working contextsof the field settings. Lessons learned about amateur work are then used and refinedwhile reflecting on amateur-work-oriented design of ITartefacts conducted within a student organisation, with aparticular interest in self-sustainability of participatorydesign practices in such settings. Practices of participatorydesign are re-considered in the context of voluntary work, theabsence of the employer-employee conflict, the challenges andlearning trajectories of the members. As development is done bymembers of the student community, design interventions forself-sustainability of amateur software development aredescribed and reflected upon. A generic approach is proposedfor action aimed at self-sustainability in amateur settings.The socio-technical features that resemble across thecommunities studied and practices experienced are then groupedunder the generic name of the perspective developed in thisthesis:“Amateur Community”. The perspective isproposed as a point of departure for further study and designintervention in similar communities. Comparisons are madebetween Amateur Community and other approaches such asCommunity of Practice. Keywords:amateur, volunteer, community, work, amateurwork, participatory design, software development, challenge,contingency, pioneering, public, personal development,learning, hands-on learning, selfsustainability / QC 20100420

This dissertation is the first study devoted solely to the history of an orchestral tradition in Christchurch. Within a timeframe stretching from the beginning of the local settlement to the establishment of the first “national” orchestra in 1939, it provides detailed portrayals of all facets of amateur and professional orchestral activity. This includes the histories of all orchestral bodies, their membership, a chronology of concerts, repertoire, programme structure and critical reception. This dissertation explains the advance of orchestral tradition that is at times tentative and at times bold, until it is securely entrenched as a mainstream musical activity in Christchurch. A preliminary narration, which begins in 1857, ends in 1906 with the International Exhibition. This is then discussed as a landmark event for orchestral music in Christchurch. A series of case studies for the period of 1908 to 1939, covers each of the five major orchestral groups that flourished in this period. The case studies also include the footprints of development, the “incidental” music performed by the cinema orchestras, and the “studio only” performances of many broadcasting groups. The role played by minor orchestral groups as an “alternative” music culture is included, along with the impact of orchestras associated with visiting opera companies. The final section is a detailed analysis of the repertoire and programme construction, and a discussion of the people who played an influential role in the development of an orchestral tradition. Numerous tables and illustrations are provided. A number of appendices are also attached: a chronology of orchestral concerts in Christchurch; some significant orchestra personnel lists; an extensive set of source readings discussing the formation of a permanent orchestra; a chronology of orchestral activity for a selection of Christchurch musicians; a timeline of visiting opera companies, and a selection of concert programmes.

Ce travail de doctorat est consacré au cinéma amateur produit au Brésil entre les années 1920 et 1965. Notre recherche a été développée à partir d'un corpus constitué par des films produits par cinq familles. Dans une première partie, nous revenons sur l'origine et le développent de cette pratique au Brésil en nous basant: l'étude des disputes commerciales qui ont marqué l'arrivée sur le marché des équipements dédiés exclusivement à l'usage amateur; les publications des années 1920 et 1930 consacrées à ce public et sur la récupération du contexte de production des images qui forment notre corpus. Dans cette première partie nous discutons aussi les expressions « film de famille» et «cinéma amateur» en proposant un dialogue avec le théoricien Roger Odin. Dans une deuxième partie, nous suivons l'itinéraire migratoire de ces images jusqu'à leur entrée dans les archives et leur reprise dans les documentaires contemporains. Pour reconstruire ce chemin migratoire nous nous inspirons des méthodes de recherché proposées par l'historienne Sylvie Lindeperg. Cette recherche a pour objectif principal de discuter des procédures de publicisation du cinéma domestique. En suivant le parcours migratoire des images qui forment notre corpus nous affirmons la thèse que les films réalisés dans un contexte familier ne gagne une dimension public et politique que lorsque qu'ils sont soumis à un processus de «montage», un concept que nous travaillerons à partir de la pensée de l'historien de l'art Georges Didi-Huberman. / The present doctoral thesis' research object is home movies created in Brazil between years1920 to 1965. This research developped itself into two branches of work and is focused onhome movies produced by five families. In a first branch we explore the origins and laterdevelopment of home-moviemaking since 1920 in Brazil. For such study, we evoke analisyson the commercial dispute that followed the commercial debut of domestic use purposed exclusive equipment, on the propaganda prints from the 1920's and 30's which where destined to amateur film-making public, and also by the understanding of this image production context that constitutes our work's core purpose. In this first part, we also debate expressionssuch as "family film" and "amateur cinema" as an introductive dialogue for the theorist RogerOdin. As a second part of our work, we follow the home movies migratiory path, to theirentry in the cinemathèques and their use in contemporary documental film-making. To retrace this migration course, we inspired on a research method proposed by historian SylvieLindeperg. The present work's main purpose is to discuss the publication procedures ofdomestic films. By understanding the migratory course of the images in our interest, weaffirm the thesis that films made in a family context only gain on a public and political dimention after being submitted to an "montage" process; it is a concept that we develop on the trails of art-historian Didi-Huberman's propositions. / O trabalho realizado no âmbito do doutorado tem como objeto de pesquisa filmes domésticosproduzidos no Brasil entre os anos 1920 e 1965. A pesquisa se desenvolveu em duas vertentestendo como foco de estudo um corpus constituído por filmes caseiros produzidos por cincofamílias. Na primeira vertente, nos debruçamos sobre a origem e o desenvolvimento daprática do cinema doméstico a partir dos anos 1920, no Brasil. Para esse estudo nos baseamosna análise das disputas comerciais que marcaram a entrada no mercado dos equipamentosvoltados exclusivamente para uso caseiro; nas publicações dos anos 1920 e 1930 dirigidas aopúblico amador e na recuperação do contexto de produção das imagens que formam nossocorpus. Nessa primeira etapa problematizamos também as expressões “filme de família” e“cinema amador” propondo um diálogo com o teórico Roger Odin, responsável pelainstitucionalização desse campo de estudos na França. Na segunda vertente, acompanhamos opercurso migratório dos filmes domésticos, seu ingresso nas cinematecas e sua retomada emdocumentários contemporâneos. Interrogamos as estratégias empregadas na incorporação deregistros familiares em centros de preservação de documentos audiovisuais e os diferentesgestos de reapropriação e ressignificação por parte de artistas que os retomaram em suasobras. Para rescontruir esse caminho migratório nos inspiramos no método de pesquisapromovidos pela historiadora Sylvie Lindeperg, que nos últimos dez anos vem realizando umestudo em torno a migração das imagens da Segunda Guerra Mundial. O presente trabalhotem como objetivo principal discutir os procedimentos de publicização dos filmes domésticos.Seguindo o caminho migratório das imagens que constituem nosso corpus afirmamos a tesede que os filmes realizados dentro do contexto familiar apenas ganham uma dimensão públicae política quando submetidos a um processo de “montagem”, conceito que trabalhamos apartir das proposições do historiador da arte Georges Didi-Huberman.

Cette thèse porte sur le développement d’un mouvement sériephile visant la reconnaissance culturelle des séries en France, depuis la fin des années 1980 jusqu’au début des années 2010. Elle propose, dans une approche de socio-histoire des médias, de saisir les logiques d’engagement des acteurs telles qu'elles apparaissent en entretien et à travers les principaux supports de valorisation des séries. Le croisement d’une étude compréhensive des carrières de ceux et celles qui initient des actions de promotion avec l’analyse du contenu de leurs discours permet de tracer la trajectoire du mouvement de défense des séries. Celui-ci s’organise autour de trois moments qui identifient trois « générations ». A la fin des années 1980, dans un contexte de mépris de la télévision, des amateurs de séries qui constituent la première génération entament des carrières de défenseurs qu’ils poursuivent dans les années 1990. On assiste alors à une répartition progressive des sériephiles entre un pôle professionnel et un pôle amateur qui se cristallise autour de l’émergence d’un domaine de presse spécialisé. Une deuxième génération émerge au cours de cette décennie, au travers notamment de collaborations avec la précédente et de nouvelles formes d'actions, qui défend les séries télévisées en lien avec l’idée de culture populaire. La montée, dans les années 2000, des commentaires « profanes » sur les séries et le déclin de la presse spécialisée caractérise le contexte dans lequel émerge une troisième génération. Ce moment voit une inversion des logiques d’engagement envers les séries, entre le « vivre pour » et le « vivre de », et le déplacement des hiérarchies culturelles non plus entre séries et cinéma mais au sein des séries elles-mêmes. / The thesis deals with the "sériephile" mobilization, i.e. the movement for the recognition of series in the French media, from the 80s to the early 2010s. It aims at understanding the logics of action of the main protagonists through semi-structured interviews, while also paying careful attention to a variety of publishing mediums they used. Through a detailed analysis of the careers of those who promoted series and of what they say, we identified three "generations" that structured this mobilization.A first generation came out at the end of the 80s, they promoted series at a moment when TV was broadly stigmatized in France. Throughout the 90s, different mediums are tried out, leading to a gradual specialization between amateurs and professionals, in collaboration with new, younger series lovers. This second generation stood up for series in new ways and advocated the need for a defense of popular culture at large. In the 2000s, a third generation appears, that faces a proliferation of analyses on series through the Internet and the death of the specialized press. While previous generations "lived for" series before they "live on" it, it is now the other way around. At the same time, cultural hierarchies reappear, not between TV series and cinema anymore but within series themselves.

The target of this master’s thesis is to design a functional sample of radiofrequency power amplifier for short waves radio amateur bands and measure its basic parameters such as required input power, output power, output spectrum purity and efficiency. The construction is based on results of behavioral simulation of the amplifier’s model obtained from circuit simulator cadence™OrCAD 16. The amplifier ought to be later used as an output stage for a small radio amateur transceiver.

La naissance des collections de gravures constitue un phénomène mystérieux, qui ne peut être ni daté, ni localisé avec une précision absolue. Les premières manifestations remontent au milieu du XVe siècle, à une époque où les estampes sont collectées dans le but d’être collées dans des textes manuscrits ou imprimés. À partir des années 1470-1480, ces pratiques archaïques sont relayées progressivement par une approche proprement moderne des collections de gravures, qui se diffusent alors dans toute l’Europe, jusqu’à être largement répandues dans certaines couches de la société au moment où l’on bascule dans l’âge baroque. Plusieurs types d’ensembles coexistent à cette époque. Les collections d’amateurs tels que Fernand Colomb, Willibald Imhoff ou Abraham Ortelius témoignent d’une affinité particulière pour l’art de l’estampe et mettent en place les premiers outils pour sélectionner, conserver et classer les gravures. De nombreux princes, tels que Ferdinand de Tyrol et Philippe II d’Espagne, s’intéressent également à ces œuvres, auxquelles ils consacrent une section dans leurs collections encyclopédiques ou leurs bibliothèques. D’autres collections, à but utilitaire, émergent également à cette période. On trouve ainsi des fonds d’estampes dans de nombreux ateliers d’artistes et d’artisans, où elles sont employées pour former les apprentis et servir de modèles ou de supports à la création. Les érudits s’emparent également des gravures et constituent des fonds documentaires spécialisés en histoire, géographie et sciences naturelles. Cette grande diversité dans les pratiques est une des caractéristiques essentielles des premières collections d’estampes. / The origins of print collecting are ill documented and cannot be dated nor located with certainty. The early signs can be traced back to ca. 1450, when prints were collected to be pasted in manuscripts and printed books. From the 1470s-1480s onwards, these archaic practices tended to be replaced by modern collecting. It then spread throughout Europe and became a common practice at the dawn of the Baroque era. There are several types of print collectors at that time. Enthusiasts and connoisseurs such as Ferdinand Columbus, Willibald Imhoff and Abraham Ortelius created special methods for selecting, storing and classifying high quality engravings and woodcuts. Ferdinand of Tyrol, Philip II of Spain and others princes gathered prints in their encyclopedic collections and libraries. Other collectors were interested in using them as sources. Artists and craftsmen kept prints to train apprentices and use them as models and tools in the creative process. Scholars purchased them for their subject-matter and used them as historical, geographical, and scientific documents. This wide range of practices is maybe what define the most early print collecting.

Since the late nineteenth century boxing in England has been socially organised into two ideologically distinctive versions - amateur and professional boxing – that to this day are practiced in spatially segregated social universes. Nonetheless, both amateur and professional boxing-practitioners understandings and lived experiences in and through boxing are necessarily grounded in the wider social and cultural contexts through which they interpret meaning and construct worldviews and identity. Thus despite the institutional, ideological and spatial boundaries demarcating either code, on a rather more subtle yet incredibly powerful cultural level, amateur and professional boxing are both symbolically and practically deeply intertwined. Over a five year period, I conducted ‘insider’ ethnographic research among distinct cohorts of amateur and professional boxers based in Luton and London to investigate the lived experiences and socially constructed worldviews, values and identities developed by practitioners immersed in either code. The overriding aim of this research was to critically evaluate the limits and possibilities of boxing-practitioners association with and development through ‘boxing’ henceforth. The findings of this ethnography reveal that it was common for the amateur and professional boxing-practitioners studied to cultivate empowering identities through intersubjective and socially validating instances of purposefulness, expressivity, creativity, fellowship and aspiration. These lived dimensions were grounded in sensuous, symbolic and emotional attachments respective to the social organization defining the social practice of either code of boxing. Equally, the research reveals that under the veneer of collective passion for and consequent fellowship experienced through boxing, an undercurrent yet ever-present sense of dubiety, tension and intra-personal conflict was in evidence among both the amateur and professional boxing-practitioners studied. It is suggested, therefore, that as a consequence of an array of both micro and macro post-industrial societal reconfigurations defining the structural principles of amateurism and professionalism in the practice of ‘boxing’, contemporary boxers are increasingly predisposed to developing athletic identities predisposed towards patterns of meaning production “…dominated by market-mediated consumer choice and the power of individualism” (Jarvie 2006 p. 327). Thus through complex, historically dynamic and seemingly paradoxical social processes of cultural (re)production and transformation - dialectically fusing individualistic aspirations geared towards self-interested gain, acts of group and subcultural fellowship and social resistance to measures of institutionalised control - it is argued that the role of boxing as an agent for humanistic personal and social development in the contemporary late-modern era of structural reconfiguration is progressively rendered impotent.

Eighty-three Texas high school football stadiums have opened since 2008. Both pro stadiums and amateur stadiums have found their way into the ire of economists, who decry such expensive projects as lavish and foolhardy. Sociologists meanwhile point to ambition and pride as contributing to the growth of professional and amateur stadiums. / text