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Attachment is a psychological connection between two or more individuals. Paternal -infant attachment is significant to the social and physical health of the infant and father. There is a gap in the literature regarding the importance of attachment between father and infant. The purpose of this thesis was to review the available literature about paternal-infant attachment and to determine promising nursing interventions to promote successful paternal-infant attachment. An integrative review of research was performed using the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PsychArticles and Academic Search Premier. The key terms that were used to search the databases were: paternal, father, infant, newborn, bonding, attachment, feelings and relationship. Ten studies were examined in detail. Nursing interventions found to improve paternal-infant attachment are based on education, improving the psychological well-being of both the father and infant and decreasing anxiety or stress the father may feel before and after the birth process. Multiple methods to improve overall paternal-infant attachment are recommended.

Master of Science / Department of Family Studies and Human Services / Walter R. Schumm / Fathers, once deemed as “forgotten contributors to child development” (Lamb, 1975, p. 246), may provide more than just a bread winning role for their children. More studies have examined the effects of a father’s absence and involvement on his children, specifically among adolescents’ early sexual activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of father absence on young adults’ choices of cohabitation, marriage and divorce. The data for this analysis came from The February-March 2007 Social Trends Survey by the Pew Research Center, a nationally representative sample in the United States. This analysis selected 802 young adult respondents (ages 18-40 year old). Results support previous research that the two key factors leading to father absence are children whose parent never married or whose parents divorced. Father absence was associated with children's future cohabitation rates for the whole sample, but not when examined individually by gender, race or ethnicity. Higher marriage rates were associated with father-present homes among men and in the overall sample, but not for women or according to race or ethnicity. No associations were found between father absence and children's future divorce rates. Tracking young adults’ rates of marriage and divorce according to father absence and cohabitation (tables 4.4 through 4.9) found that young adults who had the combination of a father-present and did not cohabit had the lowest divorce rates. Future research should investigate the disparity in father-present homes between those who did and did not cohabit, father and child religiosity, and father involvement. Implications for family life education were also presented.

This Master's thesis deals with Czechoslovak house in London, which is known as Velehrad. It is a charity, which was founded in 1949. The organization has worked with Czechoslovak refugees since the beginning of 50's until the year 1989 when it lost its original importance. In the first part I deal with the charity history, formation of Cyrilometodějské ligy and other things such as funding of the charity. In the second part I compare refugees from two different periods, 1948 and 1968. I also deal with the relationship of Czechoslovakia and refugees. The last part is about charity work. I paid attention especially to contacts with homeland, what kind of help charity provided to refugees and how the organization reflected some events which happened in Czechoslovakia. I also mentioned history of czech school which was created by the organization. Key words: Velehrad, St.Wenceslaus House - Velehrad, Father Jan Lang, Father Josef Pazderka, emigration

Notre travail de recherche présente une étude des rapports père/enfant, ayant comme cible le développement psychosocial du sujet. Nous retenons l’approche qui attribue à la famille un rôle prépondérant dans le processus de développement personnel de tous les sujets psychologiques. Ce sont analysées les caractéristiques et les conséquences de la relation entre un père et son enfant (en termes quantitatifs et qualitatifs), ainsi comme s’identifie un ensemble des caractéristiques que les enfants associent au rôle du père. Nous avons utilisé une méthodologie mixte qui consiste en une analyse cognitive (à partir de la réalisation d’un « Pré-étude » et d’un « Questionnaire des rapports père/enfant ») et en une analyse clinique (de par la réalisation d’études de cas) vis-à-vis de la population Portugaise en tant que base de référence. L’analyse des donnés cognitives et cliniques révèlent que la qualité, la quantité des rapports et le fait que père et enfant habitent ensemble constituent des facteurs essentiels au niveau de la dynamique relationnel père/enfant, et confirment que le père biologique assume une importance décisive pendant la vie de son enfant. / Our research introduces a study on father/child relationship, having as objective the psychosocial development of the subject. We adopt the approach which allots to the family a paramount role in the personal development process of all the psychological subjects. It is analyzed the characteristics and the consequences of the relation between a father and his child (in quantitative and qualitative terms), thus as is identified a whole of the characteristics which the children associate with the role of the father. We used a mixed methodology which consists of a cognitive analysis (through the accomplishment of a “Pilot-study” and a “Questionnaire of father/child relationship”) and of a clinical analysis (through the accomplishment of case studies) having the Portuguese population as a reference index. The analysis of given cognitive and clinical data reveals that the quality, the quantity of father/child relationship and the fact that father and child live together constitute crucial factors on the father/child relational dynamic, and confirms that the biological father assumes a decisive importance during the life of his child.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects that a man's attitudes towards fathering have on the level of involvement with his children. Of particular interest was whether fathering attitudes moderated some of the more consistent predictors of involvement, such as relationship quality, maternal gatekeeping, mother's and father's employment hours, a man's history with his own father, family structure, and child characteristics. A sample of 2300 men was used to evaluate the effects of fathering attitudes on engagement and warmth among children ages 2 to 8 and 9 to 11. Results indicate an inconsistent main effect between fathering attitudes and the types of involvement among the two age groups. However, moderated multiple regression analysis revealed that, in many instances, fathering attitudes completely mitigated the effect of several of the traditional predictors of involvement. Among the younger group, men with high fathering attitudes maintained high levels of engagement despite poor history with their own father and high levels of work hours, and engagement increased as maternal employment hours increased. Warmth among these men also remained unchanged at high levels of maternal gatekeeping and low levels of relationship quality. In the older group, high father attitudes mitigated the effects of relationship quality and fathers' work hours on warmth. Attitudes did not moderate engagement among the older group.

Recent studies show that actively involved fathers have positive effects on the development of children. If we consider the family as a whole unit which consists of mother, father and children, we should support the fathers to make them actively involved in their children&amp / #8217 / s life. Unfortunately, both in the world and in our country there is lack of programs which are designed specifically for fathers. The aim of this study is twofold, first is to create an example of father involvement training for fathers of preschool children and second is to investigate the effects of father involvement training on the involvement level and perceptions of fathering role. The subjects of this study were from O.D.T.&Uuml / preschool and kindergarten, which is located in the university campus. Twenty fathers, ten for experimental, ten for control group participated in the study. The experimental design was used, in which 2 groups were compared on pretest and posttest measures by using the Father Involvement Test and the Role of The Father Questionnaire. The experimental group was given a 6 week involvement training. In order to explore who do the activities about childrearing, descriptive statistics were used. In order to explore the differences between two groups, nonparametric statistics, Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon tests were used. The results revealed that there was significant differences between posttest Role of The Father Questionnaire scores of subjects in experimental and control group conditions. Moreover, according to evaluations that were done at the end of the training, it could be stated that the program contribted positively to the communication between fathers and children.

The boy in his late middle childhood faces enormous changes — physically, socially and mentally. World-wide, people experience challenges - politically and economically as well as regarding social structures such as families. Children are not excluded from these challenges. Family structures change over time and fathers are increasingly becoming absent in the lives of their children. This Master's dissertation provides information concerning three major aspects regarding the boy. The first, as described in Article 1, is the effect of the absent father on the boy in his late middle childhood and that of the alternative father figure, the mentor. The second major aspect, as described in Article 2, is the influence of family ordinance on the boy in his transition phase from middle childhood into adolescence, his experience of the biological father and his expectancies regarding a mentor relationship The third major aspect is the adolescent boy's experience of his biological father, the influence of an alternative father figure, namely the mentor, and the affect of the mentor relationship. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The boy in his late middle childhood faces enormous changes — physically, socially and mentally. World-wide, people experience challenges - politically and economically as well as regarding social structures such as families. Children are not excluded from these challenges. Family structures change over time and fathers are increasingly becoming absent in the lives of their children. This Master's dissertation provides information concerning three major aspects regarding the boy. The first, as described in Article 1, is the effect of the absent father on the boy in his late middle childhood and that of the alternative father figure, the mentor. The second major aspect, as described in Article 2, is the influence of family ordinance on the boy in his transition phase from middle childhood into adolescence, his experience of the biological father and his expectancies regarding a mentor relationship The third major aspect is the adolescent boy's experience of his biological father, the influence of an alternative father figure, namely the mentor, and the affect of the mentor relationship. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:48:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6331.pdf: 1663906 bytes, checksum: 4ef8306485edc6b34244b430e38b5139 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The paternal lifestyle molded into traditional frames and based on the hegemonic model and male traditions is no longer founded on the modernity characterized by the centrality of dialogs in the society and by the profusion of knowledge. Concomitantly, feminist women, pro-feminism men and homosexuals struggles and accomplishments have been emphasizing the discussions and reflections on masculinity and parenthood. Through Critical Communicative Methodology, methodological-theoretical reference in which the reality is perceived as a construction of meanings intersubjectively reached through individuals able to recur to language and action and is based on the egalitarian dialog between the participants of the research and researchers that interact and communicate in order to reach an understanding. The participants are male Community Health Agents who are also parents and the main goal was to identify which elements of their speeches could promote the construction of new parenthood standards related to the health of mother-child binomial during the pregnancy, birth and post-birth periods and which elements set a limit to such construction. Such elements arise from aspects of their personal and professional lives and from the community where they live and work. Two data collection methods were used: communicative report and communicative discussion group. The data analysis was performed along with the participants that are understood as capable to interpret differently from the researcher yet in a different level of understanding. Besides the analysis run on the promoter and limiter elements, it was considered, for the final analysis, the categories system and life s world. The results indicate that professionals, health institutions, all knowledge acquisition regarding health and the existence of laws/directives figure as essential to determine a broader paternal care. Another relevant aspect concerns to the strength of genre socializing process on the determination of men s spot on the familiar day-by-day perpetuating social constructions that attribute its detachment of these moments and feelings of fear and unpreparedness to handle the baby. However, there were reports of paternal experiences that exceeded such traditional determinations highlighted by a broad view of parenthood, of the dialog between family members, of the relationship maintained by the couple and of the existence of favorable support contexts. Thus, we concluded there is a need to develop researches and social and educational spaces that could allow men/fathers to dialog collectively and to create successful strategies for the transformation of the paternal reality on the recent context in order to lead it to their inclusion. / A vivência paterna nos moldes tradicionais e baseada no modelo hegemônico e tradicional de masculino, não se sustenta mais na modernidade, que se caracteriza pela centralidade do diálogo na sociedade e pela profusão de conhecimentos. Concomitantemente, as lutas e ganhos feministas, de homossexuais e homens pró-feministas têm depositado ênfase nas discussões e reflexões sobre a masculinidade e a paternidade. Utilizamos a Metodologia Comunicativa Crítica, referencial teórico-metodológico que percebe a realidade como uma construção de significados alcançados intersubjetivamente por sujeitos capazes de linguagem e ação e se baseia no diálogo igualitário entre participantes da pesquisa e pesquisador, que interagem e se comunicam para chegarem a um entendimento. Os participantes foram Agentes Comunitários de Saúde homens que são pais e o objetivo foi identificar quais elementos presentes nas falas destes participantes promovem a construção de novas paternidades no tocante ao cuidado em saúde do binômio mãe-filho(a) no período da gestação, parto e pós-parto e quais elementos limitam tal construção. Elementos que surgem a partir dos aspectos de suas vidas pessoais e profissionais e dos aspectos da comunidade onde vivem e trabalham. Foram utilizados dois métodos de coleta de dados: o relato comunicativo e o grupo de discussão comunicativo. A análise dos dados foi realizada conjuntamente com os participantes, que são entendidos como portadores da mesma capacidade de interpretação que o pesquisador, porém em nível de entendimento diferente. Além da análise entre elementos promotores e limitadores, para a análise final, foram consideradas as categorias sistema e mundo da vida. Os resultados apontam os profissionais e as instituições de saúde, a aquisição de conhecimentos em saúde e a existência de leis/diretrizes como essenciais para determinar o maior ou menor envolvimento paterno. Outro aspecto relevante diz respeito a força do processo de socialização de gênero na determinação do lugar do homem no cotidiano da família, perpetuando construções sociais que atribuem seu distanciamento destes momentos e sentimentos de medo e despreparo ao manipular o bebê. No entanto, houve relatos de vivências paternas que sobrepujam tais determinações tradicionais, despontadas por uma visão ampla da paternidade, do diálogo na família, da boa relação do casal e a existência de contextos de apoio favoráveis. Concluímos haver necessidade de desenvolver espaços sociais, de pesquisa e educativos que permitam homens/pais dialogarem coletivamente e proporem estratégias de êxito para a transformação da realidade paterna no contexto atual, dando prosseguimento à sua inclusão.