Four of the five acknowledged universal core problems, based on Clement and Puranam’s (2020) theory, that organizations try to solve upon designing their organizational structure are (1) task division; (2) task allocation; (3) provision of information; (4) provision of rewards. These formed the analytical model for a study about how IT startups could design their organizational structure in their transition phase. The conclusion is that IT startups in their transition phase could benefit from having an organization structure with selective horizontal and vertical decentralization that enables clarity, transparency, and autonomy. An organizational structure with such decentralization uses mutual adjustment as the coordination mechanism, which is best suited for organizations with complex and dynamic environments such as IT startups in their transition phase. The purpose of this paper is to provide IT startups with insights on how they could design their organizational structure as they scale up in their transition phase.

Bakgrund: I kurslitteraturen för barnmorskeutbildningen beskrivs övergångsfasen som en fas under slutet av aktiv fas där kvinnan kan uppleva ökad smärtupplevelse, ökad oro och kontrollförlust. Värkarna beskrivs ändra karaktär och kan avta. Det saknas konsensus i litteraturen. Övergångsfasen är som eget begrepp ej beforskat. Barnmorskor ska arbeta enligt vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet och därför är det viktigt med en studie kring övergångsfasen. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva barnmorskors erfarenheter och hantering av övergångsfasen under förlossning Metod: En kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats har valts och datainsamling skedde genom tre fokusgruppsintervjuer med totalt elva deltagande barnmorskor, 3–4 deltagare i varje grupp. Datamaterialet analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier; barnmorskans kliniska erfarenheter, avsaknad av vedertagen definition för övergångsfasen samt en otillåten fas. En del barnmorskor definierade övergångsfasen olika, de ansåg även att övergångsfasen är ett begrepp som det talades mer om förr och att riktlinjer och interventioner påverkar övergångsfasen. Slutsats: Övergångsfasen ett begrepp som saknar konsensus i klinisk verksamhet. Övergångsfasen är ett begrepp som behöver diskuteras mer för att främja normal förlossning och barnmorskekunskap.  Nyckelord: Barnmorska, barnmorskekunskap, erfarenhet, förlossning, övergångsfasen / Background: The course literature in midwifery education describes the transition phase as a phase during the late active phase where the women can experience more pain and a sense of panic or loss of control. The contractions can change and even subside. There is a lack of consensus in the literature. The transition phase, as its own concept, is not explored. Midwives must work according to science and proven experience, therefore it is important with a study about the transition phase.  Aim: To describe midwives' experiences and management of the transition phase during childbirth. Method: A qualitative inductive approach was chosen, and data collection was done through three focus group interviews with 11 midwives, with 3-4 participants per group. Data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in three categories; the midwife's clinical experiences, lack of an established definition for the transition phase and an disallowed phase. Some midwives defined the transition phase differently, and they also considered that the transition phase as a concept was talked about more in the past and that guidelines and interventions have an effect on the transitional phase. Conclusion: The transition phase is a concept that lacks consensus in clinical activity. The transition phase is a concept that needs to be discussed more in order to promote normal birth and midwifery knowledge.  Keywords: Experience, labour, midwife, midwifery, transition phase.

This research focuses on the relationship between self-esteem, graduateness skills and attributes and career adaptability among young adults in the school-to-work transition phase to assist them in dealing with the transitions they are faced with during the school-to-work transition phase in the hopes of making them more career adaptable and employable. A cross-sectional quantitative research approach was followed, and a non-probability convenience sample (N = 332) of undergraduate black (98.5%) and female (62%) young emerging adults (18 to 29 years) at a Further Education and Training (FET) college in South Africa participated in the study. A canonical correlation analysis indicated a significant overall relationship between the graduateness/self-esteem canonical variate and the career adaptability canonical variate. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the relationship between graduateness skills and attributes and career adaptability was moderated by self-esteem. Tests for mean differences revealed that males and females differed significantly regarding their personal self-esteem and lie items. Recommendations are suggested for use by human resource professionals in terms of career development practices. / Human Resource Management / M. Com. (Human Resource Management)

L'oxyde de cobalt Sr2Co2O5+-x cristallise sous deux variétés cristallines différentes selon la configuration électronique du cobalt trivalent: la brownmillerite dérivée de la perovskite cubique (forme haute temperature) et une forme basse température lacunaire en oxygène dérivée de la perovskite hexagonale 2H dont les structures ont été précisées. Seule la forme brownmillerite a pu être oxydée par voie électrochimique en milieu alcalin, l'oxyde SrCo4+O3 de structure perovskite cubique est alors obtenu. Les études électrochimiques, cristallographiques et les propriétes physiques de ces matériaux ont permis d'expliquer ces phénomènes et l'absence d'oxydation de la forme basse température.

The boy in his late middle childhood faces enormous changes — physically, socially and mentally. World-wide, people experience challenges - politically and economically as well as regarding social structures such as families. Children are not excluded from these challenges. Family structures change over time and fathers are increasingly becoming absent in the lives of their children. This Master's dissertation provides information concerning three major aspects regarding the boy. The first, as described in Article 1, is the effect of the absent father on the boy in his late middle childhood and that of the alternative father figure, the mentor. The second major aspect, as described in Article 2, is the influence of family ordinance on the boy in his transition phase from middle childhood into adolescence, his experience of the biological father and his expectancies regarding a mentor relationship The third major aspect is the adolescent boy's experience of his biological father, the influence of an alternative father figure, namely the mentor, and the affect of the mentor relationship. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The boy in his late middle childhood faces enormous changes — physically, socially and mentally. World-wide, people experience challenges - politically and economically as well as regarding social structures such as families. Children are not excluded from these challenges. Family structures change over time and fathers are increasingly becoming absent in the lives of their children. This Master's dissertation provides information concerning three major aspects regarding the boy. The first, as described in Article 1, is the effect of the absent father on the boy in his late middle childhood and that of the alternative father figure, the mentor. The second major aspect, as described in Article 2, is the influence of family ordinance on the boy in his transition phase from middle childhood into adolescence, his experience of the biological father and his expectancies regarding a mentor relationship The third major aspect is the adolescent boy's experience of his biological father, the influence of an alternative father figure, namely the mentor, and the affect of the mentor relationship. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:53:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Fiorotti Rodrigues.pdf: 734442 bytes, checksum: 1e0f917c7e09642b3b468b433c78ea21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-25 / The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of propolis in the feeding of ewes in pre and post-partum phases and the animal response by plasma concentrations of some blood metabolites. Four treatments were studied, using 16 animals divided in four groups. The treatmens were: Control treatment (TC), control diet; Flushing treatment (TF) control diet with flushing; Flushing Treatment with propolis level 1 (TFP1), control diet with flushing and 20 ml of alcoholic solution of propolis/animal/day and ; Treatment Flushing with level 2 of propolis (TFP2) diet control and flushing with 30 mL of alcoholic solution of propolis/animal/day. The animals were kept in stalls and fed over a period of 37 days, seven of the control diet adaptation and 30 days of blood sampling. Were fed twice a day at 7 AM y 16PM, samples were taken at three-day and one hour before the delivery of food and one and three hours after feeding. There were significant differences among treatments for albumin, which were within normal range, and for globulins, which values were below those considered normal. Aspartate transaminase enzyme presented a significant difference between the phases, before and after birth, but with normal values. Propolis extract did not affect urea and total proteins, however resulted in changes on albumin and globulin levels / Objetivou-se avaliar a ação da própolis na alimentação de ovelhas nas fases de pré e pós-parto e a resposta animal por meio de concentrações plasmáticas de alguns metabólitos sanguíneos. Foram estudados quatro tratamentos, usando-se 16 animais divididos em quatro grupos. Os tratamentos foram: Controle (TC), dieta controle; Tratamento Flushing (TF), dieta controle mais 300 g de fubá de milho; Tratamento Flushing com nível 1 de própolis (TFP1), dieta controle com flushing e 10 mL de solução alcoólica de própolis/animal/dia; Tratamento Flushing com nível 2 de própolis (TFP2), dieta controle com flushing e 15 mL de solução alcoólica de própolis/animal/dia. Os animais foram mantidos estabulados e alimentados em um período de 37 dias, sendo sete de adaptação à dieta controle e 30 dias de coletas de sangue. A alimentação foi feita duas vezes ao dia, às 7 e 16 horas. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas de três em três dias, sendo uma hora antes do fornecimento da alimentação e uma e três horas após a alimentação. Uréia e proteínas totais não apresentaram variações significativas em relação aos tratamentos. Houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para a albumina, dentro do intervalo de normalidade, e de globulinas, cujos valores estavam abaixo dos normais. A enzima Aspartato transaminase (AST) apresentou diferença significativa entre as fases de estudo, pré e pós-parto, contudo dentro do intervalo de normalidade. O extrato de própolis não afetou os valores de uréia e proteínas totais, entretanto, resultou em alterações nos níveis de albumina e globulinas

Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvinnliga idrottares upplevelser av karriärövergången att bli mamma, med ett fokus på utmaningar, resurser och copingstrategier under perioderna före-, under- och efter graviditeten. I studien användes en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Deltagarna i studien var nio svenska idrottande mödrar i åldrarna 30-53 år (M=39.8, SD=7.3). Alla deltagare hade erfarenhet av att kombinera sitt moderskap med ett idrottande på nationell eller internationell nivå inom sin specifika idrott. Intervjuguiden och dataanalysen grundade sig på Övergångsmodellen (Stambulova, 2009). I resultatet framkom följande: under perioden före graviditeten upplevdes oro som främsta utmaning, att känna sig redo för att bli mamma som främsta resurs och att kunna planera sin graviditet som främsta copingstrategi. Under graviditeten framkom utmattning som främsta utmaning, socialt stöd som främsta resurs och strategier som deltagarna lärt sig under sin idrottskarriär som främsta copingstrategi. Efter graviditeten var stress främsta utmaning, socialt stöd främsta resurs och livet som en atlet hjälpte var främsta copingstrategi. Slutsatsen som dras i studien är att det finns flera upplevda utmaningar vid övergången att bli elitidrottande mamma, och att ett sätt att underlätta för dessa kvinnor skulle kunna vara ett utökat stöd från till exempel förbund, både socialt och finansiellt. / The aim of this study is to investigate experiences of motherhood transitions in sport, with a focus on the challenges, resources and coping strategies in the pre-pregnancy, during the pregnancy, and the postpartum phase. In the study a qualitative research metodology with semi-structured interviews was used. The participants in the study were nine Swedish athlete mothers aged 30-53 years (M=39.8, SD=7.3). All the participants had an experience of combining their motherhood with an athletic career at a national or an international level in their specific sport. The interview guide and the data analysis were grounded on the athletic career transition model (Stambulova, 2009). In the result during the pre-pregnancy, worry emerged as the main challenge, feeling ready to become a mother as the primary resource and planned pregnancies as the main coping strategy. During the pregnancy, fatigue emerged as the main challenge, social support both inside and outside sport as the primary resource, and strategies from sport as the main coping strategy. In the post-partum, stress was a frequent challenge, social support inside and outside sport were the most common resource, and life as an athlete helped were the main coping-strategy. As a conclusion in the present study, several challenges were experienced in the transition to becoming a mother as an elite athlete. A way of facilitating for these women could be increased support, for example from sport federations, both socially and financially.

This paper is the third part of an ongoing research project by Andersson et al. 2014 using Interactive Voice Response, an innovative automatic telephone assessment to study Swedish paroled offenders in the first 30 days after prison. Repeated measures of qualitative reports on daily most stressful events (stressors) and quantitative severity ratings (stress) were used to study the perception of stress in the immediate prison release phase. Adding to the knowledge about prisoners’ reentry by exploring paroled offenders’ perception on daily stressful events and the stress intensity associated with these was the main purpose of this essay. Following a phenomenological approach, daily stressful events could be categorized into social, psychological and physical stressors and an insight in the everyday complexities through the reports of paroled offenders could be provided. While social stressors build the largest category, physical stressors are on average perceived as most severe. Overall stress severity shows an increase over the duration of the study period. The findings further support the feasibility of daily automated telephone assessments in the context of the Swedish Prison and Probation Service. Keywords: immediate prison release, Interactive Voice Response, paroled offenders, stress & stressors, transition phase

De nouveaux matériaux à base de BaAl2O4 et BaZnGeO4 ont été caractérisés. BaAl2O4 et les phases dérivées sont ferriélectriques: la polarisation spontanée possède deux composantes de sens opposes et d'intensités différentes. Un modèle a été propose pour justifier l'apparition d' une phase non stoechiométrique dérivée de BaAl2O4.BaZnGeO4 est pyroélectrique a 300K; cinq transitions de phase ont été mises en évidence. Les céramiques de BaZnGeO4 se polarisent spontanément au cours du traitement thermique en raison du caractère piezoélectrique du matériau.