No description available.

The Revenant (Alejandro González Iñárritu, 2015) is a film that invites the audience to rediscover the gaze of nature that has been a part of cinema since its birth. Nature is often treated as a tool to broaden our understanding of the inner world of humans but it is rarely explored in the manner that allows us to deepen our understanding of nature. Ecocinema is, to a large extent, concerned with how films communicate environmental processes, although the place of nature within this field may be contentious. This thesis aims to explore how the gaze of nature is being constructed in The Revenant in order to expand our understanding of the position of nature in film. The approach involves a close reading of the film where a selection of scenes were rendered by psychoanalytic film theory within the context of ecocinema. Particular attention was given to the concept of spectatorship, where investigations into how cinema positions us as subjects are crucial. The gaze of nature can shape the identity of ecocinema and position itself as a function of the unconscious that allows viewers to process their traumas related to the ecological crisis we are facing. This gaze facilitates an emotional and cognitive encounter with repressed realities. Through the lens of this gaze, nature is positioned as a subject with its own function and identity, of which humans are not independent but merely a small part.

The purpose of this project was to analyze the coordination between gaze and the upper limb movement while performing a predefined task. We implemented a method to simultaneously compute and visualize recorded gaze data from a head mounted eye tracker and motion data from a motion capture system in the same coordinate system.  A python script was implemented to temporarily synchronize the two systems and then proceed with the spatial/coordinate transformation which was validated with the data acquired while the subject was asked to perform specific tasks. Task 1 was to fixate his gaze on a block placed in the center of a table and the Task 2 was to stack the blocks by picking it up and placing it on top of each other. Wrist and elbow flexion-extension angles were tracked simultaneously based on reflective markers trajectories while performing the task. This was visualized and discussed on how the results of our study suggest that the eye movements play a vital role in planning, estimating, coordinating and providing feedback for the body to perform a motor task.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第24821号 / 情博第837号 / 新制||情||140(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 熊田 孝恒, 教授 西田 眞也, 教授 内田 由紀子, 准教授 中島 亮一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

This thesis investigates the occurrence of a shift in the EU’s narration about the Self and Ukraine after the Russian invasion in 2022. Previous research points toward the EU as having a diminishing outlook on Eastern Europe and constantly keeping Ukraine at arm’s length. Furthermore, the EU has imagined Eastern Europe gazing longingly and admiringly toward the EU. However, this thesis contends there has been a shift in this view regarding Ukraine compared to 2014, after the Russian annexation of Crimea. Theoretically, Europe is conceptualized as a community of values, a signifier, and a lacking subject without a complete identity. This theorizing leaves the demarcation of the EU’s identity borders contingent. The analysis discerns that the EU in 2022 narrates the Self as a project and a dream, with Ukraine displaying European values and vitality to this dream. This narration leaves space for the signifier Europe to expand its scope to Ukraine. The gaze that reflects at the EU is not of naive admiration but of strength and endurance, compelling the EU to narrate Ukraine as part of the Self. Moreover, this changed Ukrainian gaze strengthens the European identity based on values because Ukraine shows that European values are worth dying for.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / One of the biggest hurdles to the development of an effective driver state monitor is the that there is no real-time eye-gaze detection. This is primarily due to the fact that such systems require calibration. In this thesis the various aspects that comprise an eye gaze tracker are investigated. From that we developed an eye gaze tracker for automobiles that does not require calibration. We used a monocular camera system with IR light sources placed in each of the three mirrors. The camera system created the bright-pupil effect for robust pupil detection and tracking. We developed an SVM based algorithm for initial eye candidate detection; after that the eyes were tracked using a hybrid Kalman/Mean-shift algorithm. From the tracked pupils, various features such as the location of the glints (reflections in the pupil from the IR light sources) were extracted. This information is then fed into a Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN). The GRNN then maps this information into one of thirteen gaze regions in the vehicle.

No description available.

In Sweden almost three persons over the age of 65 years dies every daybecause of fall injuries. The overall societal costs of elderly fall accidentswere estimated to to be 14 billion SEK, and if no action is taken this cost isestimated to increase to 22 billion SEK until 2050. The individual decreasein life of quality due to pain, decrease of independence and, for those stillworking, a decrease in income is of course also well worth considering.It is well known that multitasking while walking will decrease attentionon the surroundings and gait behaviour which increases the risk of falling. Itis known that walking uses both sensory input and visual inputs to guide themotion. The visual input prepares the body to adjust itself before a step istaken to optimize the outcome.This study aimed to investigate the effect of multitasking on gaze strategiesand gait performance. Five healthy adults walked over a setup of ramps and astep while performing three different levels of cognitive loading: just walking,walking and performing mental arithmetic’s and walking and scrolling on amobile cell phone.The eye tracking device Pupil Core (Pupil Labs, Berlin, Germany) wasused to capture the gaze points of the participants and Vicon Nexus togetherwith force plates were used to capture data to compute the kinematics of theparticipants during the walking.The results revealed that four out of four participants had a lower ratio ofgaze fixations on objects of interest when scrolling on the phone comparedto just walking, and three out of four participants had a lower ratio of gazefixations on objects of interest when doing mental arithmetic’s compared tojust walking. Simultaneously the gait parameters and kinematics changed in away that might increase the risk of falling. Four out of four participants had adecrease in average stride length and average stride velocity when walkingwhile scrolling on a phone and a decrease in average stride velocity whenperforming mental arithmetic’s compared to just walking. Three out of fourparticipants had a decrease in average stride length when performing mentalarithmetic’s compared to just walking.Since the participant number was low more studies are needed to confirmthese results. The experimental design would benefit from adjustments to tryto separate the effect on gaze behaviour between altered cognitive loading andaltered gait pattern, but are a good base to use for further studies.

Gaze tracking has already shown to be a popular technology for desktop devices. When it comes to gaze tracking for mobile devices, however, there is still a lot of progress to be made. There’s still no high accuracy gaze tracking available that works in an unconstrained setting for mobile devices. This work makes contributions in the area of appearance-based unconstrained gaze estimation. Artificial neural networks are trained on GazeCapture, a publicly available dataset for mobile gaze estimation containing over 2 million face images and corresponding gaze labels. In this work, Siamese neural networks are trained to learn linear distances between face images for different gaze points. Then, during inference, calibration points are used to estimate gaze points. This approach is shown to be an effective way of utilizing calibration points in order to improve the result of gaze estimation. / Ögonblickspårning har redan etablerat sig som en populär teknologi för stationära enheter. När det dock gäller mobila enheter så finns det framsteg att göra. Det saknas fortfarande en lösning för ögonblickspårning som fungerar i en undantagsfri miljö för mobila enheter. Detta examensarbete ämnar att bidra till en sådan lösning. Artificiella neurala nätverk tränas på GazeCapture, en allmänt tillgänglig datasamling som består av över 2 miljoner ansiktsbilder samt korresponderande etikett för ögonblickspunkt. I detta examensarbete tränas Siamesiska neurala nätverk för att lära sig det linjära avståndet mellan två ögonblickspunkter. Sedan utnyttjas en samling med kalibreringsbilder för att estimera ögonblickspunkter. Denna teknik visar sig vara ett effektivt sätt att nyttja kalibreringsbilder med målet att förbättra resultatet för ögonblicksestimering.

Eye trackers have enabled users to interact with computers for a long time. Yet, there are still many challenges left to be solved to make the interaction easy for users with development disabilities. Especially, when it comes to setup eye tracking where calibration of the eye tracker is important to get accurate estimation of where users are looking. This paper presents a study in which three modified versions of a calibration interface for eye trackers has been designed and evaluated by nine participants with development disabilities. These calibration interfaces used regions that were aware of when a user gazed at them, gaze-aware regions, and varied in the speed of which a stimulus moved during the calibration and how quickly the regions around the stimulus grew. Data was collected for each interface about interaction with the gaze-aware regions, time to complete a calibration, how many calibration points that were completed and gaze offset from the stimulus. No statistically significance was found between the modified interfaces for its efficiency, effectiveness and accuracy. However, a stimulus moving quicker and a gaze-aware region growing faster indicated a more effective and efficient calibration method without loss in accuracy. Also, if only screen engagement is involved using smooth-pursuit calibration could improve the calibration process. / Ögonstyrning har under en längre tid möjliggjort interaktion för användare. Dock är det fortfarande många utmaningar för att göra interaktionen lätt för användare med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar. Framförallt när det kommer till inställningar för ögonstyrning, där kalibrering har visat sig vara viktigt för att ge en noggrann uppskattning vart användarna fokuserar. Denna rapport presenterar en studie där tre modifierade versioner av ett kalibreringsgränsnitt för ögonstyrning har blivit designat och utvärderat av nio deltagare med låg fokuseringsförmåga. Dessa gränssnitt använde regioner som var medvetna när en användare tittade inom dom, så kallade blickmedvetna regioner, och varierade i vilken hastighet ett stimuli rörde sig och hur snabbt regionerna runt ett stimuli växte. Data samlades in för varje gränssnitt om interaktionen med de blickmedvetna regionerna, tiden för att genomföra kalibreringen, antal avklarade kalibreringspunkter och avståndet mellan användarnas blick och stimuli. Ingen statistisk signifikans hittades mellan de modifierade gränssnitten mellan tidseffektivitet, effektivitet och noggrannhet. Däremot indikerades en mer tidseffektiv och effektiv kalibreringsmetod, utan minskad noggrannhet, genom användningen av ett stimuli som rör sig snabbare med blickmedvetna regioner som växer. Dessutom skulle kalibreringsprocessen kunna förbättras om enbart engagemang med skärmen används genom smooth-pursuit kalibrering