Film exhibits an existential time structure. It presents characters and events in the present moment and as the film progresses the future of the characters is built from their past within the film. Characterisation in film differs from that of the novel primarily in that characters are seen as they become what they are through their actions. In the novel a character is already fixed. Film also differs from theatre in that the differing use of space allows for a more intimate acting style on the part of the actor and more involvement on the part of the viewer. Film noir, in particular, manifests existential themes in its plot lines and characterisation, e.g. alienation, anxiety and the developmental nature of personality. A number of theorists have attempted to define film noir and to account for its distinctive look. These include David Bordwell, Borde and Chaumeton and Christine Gledhill. So far no definition has successfully accounted for all the features present in these films. An existential analysis offers a new way to approach this problem. Due to its distinctive use of philosophical themes film noir constitutes a separate and continuing genre. A noir paradigm can be established by isolating these philosophical themes and the stylistic methods which express them. This can be used as a criterion to identify noir films. Noirs can be divided into different periods by identifying the dominant theme of various decades. These reflect the social conditions of the time as well as popular response to existential philosophers, for instance, Sartre and Nietzsche who have both been considerable popularised. In addition noir can be seen as a response to restrictive Hollywood practices.

The main aim of the dissertation is to examine the importance of the moment in relation to human experience and to the narrative in the writings of Stig Dagerman (1923-1954), primarily the novels Ormen (The Snake, 1945), De dömdas ö (The Island of the Doomed, 1946), Bränt barn (A Burnt Child, 1948), Bröllopsbesvär (Wedding Worries, 1949), the short stories "Den hängdes träd" (The Hanging Tree, 1945) and "De röda vagnarna" (The Red Wagons, 1946). The dissertation shows the moment as being of crucial importance by serving as the point of time for the fictional character’s critical experience. The moment also functions as a structuring principle for the narrative. In this, the discussion is supported by the theories on the chronotope found in the work of Mikhail Bakhtin. With the ideas of Michael Riffaterre as the principal theoretical basis in the study, the reading of the texts focuses on a matrix common to the works discussed. The reading goes from a description of the primarily profane subject matter of the narrative to an understanding of the religious discourse in the works. This interpretation receives additional support in the theories on religious and mystical experiences found in Rudolf Otto. Finally, the dissertation focuses on man’s sensitivity to, and longing for, a transcendental entity or a God in the broadest sense – a longing which manifests itself in different ways in these texts and is set against the human predicament of being. Man’s desperate religious longing for a transcendental entity or a God are ultimately understood as the significance or principle of unity in the texts under discussion.

“National security” is one of the most powerful terms in the American vocabulary. It commands wide deference and almost unlimited resources, and what counts as a national security matter determines many of the government’s priorities and responsibilities. It is surprising, therefore, that we know so little about how national security came to be defined in the way Americans have understood it for the last 75 years. The problem is one of perspective. Almost everything written about the history of national security approaches the topic with a present-day understanding of the term’s meaning in mind and uses the term instrumentally to explain something else—most often some aspect of American foreign policy. Most of these works assume that national security refers principally to physical security, that national security policymaking is a foreign policy matter, and that it has always been thus. This dissertation historicizes the term national security. Rather than tracing the present-day conception of national security backwards in time, as has been the norm, it looks forward from the past. This shift in perspective reveals a history of national security that challenges the prevailing assumption that national security has always been a matter of physical security and foreign policy. When Franklin Roosevelt first put national security at the center of American political discourse in the 1930s, he equated it with individual economic security and considered domestic policy the primary domain for national security policymaking. Roosevelt also articulated a broad vision for the government’s national security responsibilities in the final years of his presidency that included economic, social, and physical security to be delivered through a mix of domestic and foreign policy. These findings raise a big question about American political development: why did the United States end up with separate “national security” and “welfare” states rather than the comprehensive national security state Roosevelt envisioned? To answer that question, this dissertation focuses on the interactions between political language, public opinion, and the institutional development of the American state. Combining traditional historical research methods with text mining, network analysis, and data visualization, this dissertation charts the movement of policy areas into and out of the national security frame. Franklin Roosevelt succeeded in placing domestic policy into the national security frame in the mid-1930s, thereby justifying the expansion of the government’s domestic responsibilities. But this success catalyzed the nascent conservative movement, which launched a public persuasion campaign to limit the further expansion of the government’s domestic responsibilities by removing domestic policy from the national security frame. Roosevelt’s subsequent success putting foreign policy into the national security frame at the end of the 1930s created a powerful foreign policy establishment that claimed the mantle of national security exclusively for its work. The exclusion of domestic policy from the purview of national security policymaking was therefore largely an ironic result of Roosevelt’s two successes using the language of security to expand the government’s responsibilities.

<p>Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur ledare uppfattar dagens ledarskap samt hur de tror att det framtida ledarskapet kommer att påverkas och utvecklas i och med ett generationsskifte.</p><p>Metod: Jag delar hermeneutikernas syn då jag anser att kunskapen bildas hos den som strävar efter att skapa den. Jag har valt att använda en kvalitativ och induktiv ansats i min studie, då jag framförallt använder intervjuer för att besvara mina frågeställningar samt utgår från empirin i min studie.</p><p>Resultat & slutsats: Ledarskapsrollen har gått från att vara ”den som bestämmer”, ”chefen”, till att idag bli mindre märkvärdig och prestigelös. Dessutom poängteras vikten och betydelsen av den nya lagledarrollen/ coachen som innebär att det är viktigt att kunna se var och en. Vi kan se att den yngre generationen har fler dimensioner i livet utanför arbetet, och det blir allt viktigare att kunna kombinera familjeliv och karriär.</p><p>Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Att titta på familjeföretag för att se om dessa skiljer sig åt från andra organisationer vad gäller synen på ledarskap. Hur kommer generationsövergången att se ut och hanteras i familjeföretagen? Ett annat ämne som skulle vara intressant att studera djupare är hur 50- och 60-talisterna, ”den bortglömda generationen”, upplever det stundande generationsskiftet?</p><p>Uppsatsens bidrag: Denna studie utmärker sig genom att belysa hur generationsskiftet kommer att påverka oss på regional nivå. Dessutom behandlar jag ämnesområdet ledarskap och hur detta påverkas av ett generationsskifte, varpå jag sticker ut från de uppsatser som beskriver generationsväxlingen i sig.</p> / <p>Aim: The aim of this study is to examine how managers apprehend today's leadership and how they believe that future leadership will be influenced and developed when the people bourn during the nineteen forties pass on their management positions to a younger generation.</p><p>Method: I share the hermeneutic view on science. I believe that knowledge is born within the person who seeks to obtain it. I have chosen to conduct my study using a qualitative and inductive approach. I use an inductive approach as I answer my questions by using interviews in order to respond to my question at issues, and assumes from the empiric in my study.</p><p>Result & Conclusions: The leadership role has changed from being” the one who decides”,” the director”, to becoming less peculiar and prestige. Moreover, the importance of coaching are emphasized, that means that it is important to see all employees as individuals. We can see that the younger generation has more dimensions in life outside work, and the ability to combine family and career becomes more important.</p><p>Suggestions for future research: Study family businesses in order to see if they are different</p><p>from other organisations regarding the view on leadership. How do the family businesses handle the shift of generations? How the people borne in the nineteen fifties and sixties, ”the forgotten generation”, experiences the upcoming generation shift.</p><p>Contribution of the thesis: This study distinguishes itself by illuminate how the shift of generations will influence us on a regional level. Furthermore, I examine the area of leadership and how it will be influenced by the shift of generations. Therefore this thesis distinguishes itself from other essays that describe the alternation of generations.</p>

Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur ledare uppfattar dagens ledarskap samt hur de tror att det framtida ledarskapet kommer att påverkas och utvecklas i och med ett generationsskifte. Metod: Jag delar hermeneutikernas syn då jag anser att kunskapen bildas hos den som strävar efter att skapa den. Jag har valt att använda en kvalitativ och induktiv ansats i min studie, då jag framförallt använder intervjuer för att besvara mina frågeställningar samt utgår från empirin i min studie. Resultat &amp; slutsats: Ledarskapsrollen har gått från att vara ”den som bestämmer”, ”chefen”, till att idag bli mindre märkvärdig och prestigelös. Dessutom poängteras vikten och betydelsen av den nya lagledarrollen/ coachen som innebär att det är viktigt att kunna se var och en. Vi kan se att den yngre generationen har fler dimensioner i livet utanför arbetet, och det blir allt viktigare att kunna kombinera familjeliv och karriär. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Att titta på familjeföretag för att se om dessa skiljer sig åt från andra organisationer vad gäller synen på ledarskap. Hur kommer generationsövergången att se ut och hanteras i familjeföretagen? Ett annat ämne som skulle vara intressant att studera djupare är hur 50- och 60-talisterna, ”den bortglömda generationen”, upplever det stundande generationsskiftet? Uppsatsens bidrag: Denna studie utmärker sig genom att belysa hur generationsskiftet kommer att påverka oss på regional nivå. Dessutom behandlar jag ämnesområdet ledarskap och hur detta påverkas av ett generationsskifte, varpå jag sticker ut från de uppsatser som beskriver generationsväxlingen i sig. / Aim: The aim of this study is to examine how managers apprehend today's leadership and how they believe that future leadership will be influenced and developed when the people bourn during the nineteen forties pass on their management positions to a younger generation. Method: I share the hermeneutic view on science. I believe that knowledge is born within the person who seeks to obtain it. I have chosen to conduct my study using a qualitative and inductive approach. I use an inductive approach as I answer my questions by using interviews in order to respond to my question at issues, and assumes from the empiric in my study. Result &amp; Conclusions: The leadership role has changed from being” the one who decides”,” the director”, to becoming less peculiar and prestige. Moreover, the importance of coaching are emphasized, that means that it is important to see all employees as individuals. We can see that the younger generation has more dimensions in life outside work, and the ability to combine family and career becomes more important. Suggestions for future research: Study family businesses in order to see if they are different from other organisations regarding the view on leadership. How do the family businesses handle the shift of generations? How the people borne in the nineteen fifties and sixties, ”the forgotten generation”, experiences the upcoming generation shift. Contribution of the thesis: This study distinguishes itself by illuminate how the shift of generations will influence us on a regional level. Furthermore, I examine the area of leadership and how it will be influenced by the shift of generations. Therefore this thesis distinguishes itself from other essays that describe the alternation of generations.