Abstract In this study I examine how the parents describe the child's starting school as an ecological transition from pre-school to school growth environments. This concept is based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory. In terms of time-frames starting school is understood as a transition process which begins in the pre-school year, continues during the first school year and includes changes in the child's growth environment as well as in the child's role. The data derives from interviews with 21 parents of children from diverse educational contexts and the journals and interviews of parents from an additional three families. In this study, a child's growth environment changed during the transition process from a child-centred, play- and learning environment to a goal-oriented learning and teaching environment directed by the teacher; from a social growth environment to a more individual working environment; and from a preparatory working culture (directed towards school-attendance) to an educative working culture aimed at citizenship. The child's role changed in the process from that of a pre-schooler to a school beginner, to a school child. This study brings in the school beginner's role. The transition process was most flexible for pre-schoolers from the combined class, secure and multi-phased for pre-schoolers from the pre-school and school co-operation unit. For the Montessori child the transition was natural and quick, for pre-schoolers from the day-care unit, it was longest and most problematic. In conclusion, my research suggests that, although our school system aims to be equal for all, this is not the reality during the pre-school and school starting phases. However, by the end of the first school year all the children in this study had adjusted to the school context. They had fulfilled the criteria and expectations set for the role of the school child: such as becoming an academic learner; a performer of tasks, an object of evaluation; a responsible, concerned and well-behaved pupil, and a school companion. In summary, the school working-culture had a powerful homogenizing effect, adjusting the child to the school and to the role of school child. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa lähestyn lapsen koulunaloittamista ekologisena siirtymänä esiopetuksen kasvuympäristöstä perusopetuksen kasvuympäristöön ja tarkastelen millaiseksi vanhemmat kuvaavat tämän siirtymän. Koulunaloittaminen ekologisena siirtymänä perustuu Bronfenbrennerin ekologiseen teoriaan. Ajallisesti koulunaloittaminen ymmärretään siirtymäprosessina, joka alkaa esiopetusvuotena ja jatkuu ensimmäisen kouluvuoden aikana. Siirtymäprosessi sisältää lapsen kasvuympäristön ja lapsen roolin muutoksen. Erityisesti tarkastelen millaiseksi 21 oululaista vanhempaa kuvaavat kasvuympäristön kulttuurisen muutoksen esikoulun toimintakulttuurista koulun toimintakulttuuriksi ja lapsen roolin muutoksen esikoululaisesta koululaiseksi. Tutkimus on lähestymistavaltaan ekologinen, ja tarkastelun kohteena ovat arkielämän kontekstissa tapahtuvat yksilön ja kasvuympäristön vastavuoroiset vuorovaikutus- ja muutosprosessit. Koulunaloittaminen siirtymäprosessina on lapsen ja kasvuympäristön keskinäinen muutos- ja sopeutumisprosessi. Kasvuympäristön kulttuurisen muutoksen tarkastelu muodostaa tutkimukseni taustan ja lähtökohdan. Roolimuutosta tutkin kunnallisen päiväkodin, esi- ja alkuopetuksen yhteistoimintayksikön, montessoripainotteisen päiväkodin ja esi- ja alkuopetuksen yhdysluokan esiopetuskontekstissa sekä koulukontekstissa. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu 13 perheen vanhempien haastatteluista ja kolmen perheen vanhempien kirjoittamista päiväkirjadokumenteista ja heidän haastatteluistaan. Vanhempien mukaan lapsen kasvuympäristö muuttui esikoulusta kouluun siirryttäessä lapsikeskeisestä, leikki- ja oppimisympäristöstä opettajajohtoiseksi, tavoitteelliseksi oppimis- ja opetusympäristöksi, sosiaalisesta kasvuympäristöstä enemmän yksin työskentely -ympäristöksi ja kouluun valmentavasta toimintakulttuurista kansalaiskasvatuksen toimintakulttuuriksi. Tämän muutoksen rinnalla vastaavasti lapsen rooli muuttui prosessinluonteisesti esikoululaisesta koulunaloittajaksi ja koululaiseksi. Koulunaloittajan roolin löytyminen oli yksi tutkimukseni päätulos. Roolimuutos kaikkinensa oli vähäisin esi- ja alkuopetuksen yhdysluokan esikoululaisilla, jotka olivat harjoitelleet koululaisen roolia koulukontekstissa jo esiopetusvuoden aikana. Suurin ja jyrkin roolimuutos oli kunnallisesta päiväkodista sekä montessoripainotteisesta päiväkodista siirtyneillä esikoululaisilla, joille koulukonteksti ja koululaisen rooli olivat etukäteen vieraita. Yksilöllinen ja vaihteleva roolimuutos oli esi- ja alkuopetuksen yhteistoimintayksiköstä siirtyneillä esikoululaisilla, jotka olivat etukäteen tutustuneet koulun sosiaaliseen ja akateemiseen ympäristöön. Kouluun siirtyminen lapsen ja kasvuympäristön keskinäisenä muutos- ja sopeutumisprosessina oli joustavin, helpoin ja yksilöllisin esi- ja alkuopetuksen yhdysluokan esikoululaisilla, turvallinen ja monivaiheinen esi- ja alkuopetuksen yhteistoimintayksikön esikoululaisilla, luonteva ja nopea montessorilapsella ja pitkäkestoisin ja ongelmallisin päiväkodin esikoululaisilla. Tulosten johtopäätöksenä voidaan todeta, että vaikka koulutusjärjestelmämme pyrkii olemaan kaikille yhdenvertainen, se ei ole sitä esiopetus- ja koulunaloitusvaiheessa. Kuitenkin ensimmäisen kouluvuoden päättyessä kaikki tutkimuksen lapset olivat sopeutuneet koulukontekstiin ja täyttivät koululaisen roolille asetetut kriteerit ja odotukset akateemisena oppijana, tehtävien suorittajana, arvioitavana, vastuullisena, huolehtivana ja hyvin käyttäytyvänä koulunkävijänä ja koulukaverina. Koulun toimintakulttuurilla oli vahva sopeuttava ja yhdenmukaistava merkitys lapsen kouluun sopeutumisessa ja koululaiseksi kasvussa.

The Master Degree Thesis focuses on the issue of pre-reading literacy and ways of its possible development in childhood. Its starting point is the fact that time devoted to reading aloud to children as well as encouraging them in playing with books is vital for their development and should be an inseparable part of a language learning process. The Thesis points at the imporant role of parents as well as kindergarten teachers in the process. Project "Every Czech Reads to Kids" is introduced. The aim of the last chapter is to show the educational process in the field of pre-reading literacy in particular Czech kindergartens. Role of parents is discussed, too.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-08T13:30:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Carolina Pereira da Cunha Sousa.pdf: 1721057 bytes, checksum: 5c0644b98cdee15ee6787a26a4316df8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-04-12T17:25:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Carolina Pereira da Cunha Sousa.pdf: 1721057 bytes, checksum: 5c0644b98cdee15ee6787a26a4316df8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T17:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) PDF - Carolina Pereira da Cunha Sousa.pdf: 1721057 bytes, checksum: 5c0644b98cdee15ee6787a26a4316df8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Introduction: The body image is directly associated to issues related to body weight, to eating disorder and to quality of life provided by the corporal satisfaction. The plausibility of the relation between the nutritional status and the body image is justified by the classification of the first as a gold standard and the second as an event vulnerable to distortion. Objectives: To evaluate corporal self-perception in schoolchildren who attend the public education system of the city of Campina Grande and to examine the relation with sex, age and the Body Mass Index/Age and to ascertain the concordance between the nutritional status noticed by the mother and the diagnosed in preschool children. Material and methods: Two studies with independent methodologies were performed in order to reach both prefixed objectives. The first one was a cross-sectional study performed with 1081 schoolchildren aged between 5 and 10 years. The nutritional status of the children was estimated by the BMI. The corporal perception was evaluated considering the sight, the satisfaction and the corporal idealization based on the Children’s Body Image Scale created by Truby and Paxton. The second one was a prospective cohort study conducted in day care centers with 269 children younger than 5 years. The infant nutritional status was expressed by means of the Z-score of weight/stature at two different moments within a year. The maternal perception of the nutritional status was obtained at the second observation, by asking the mother her perception about the weight of the child. The agreement between the maternal perception of the nutritional status of the child and the diagnostic criteria of the WHO was obtained by means of the weighted kappa test, at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: In the study with the schoolchildren, the level of corporal dissatisfaction among them was of 86%. It was observed that 75.9% of the overweight children and 73.7% of the obese ones perceive themselves slimmer. About 94.7% of the overweight students, 98% of the obese ones and 41.8% of the eutrophic ones indicated they would like to be slimmer, whilst 83.3% of the malnourished wished to be fatter. The most distorted view of the body was verified among the older children and the boys. For the corporal satisfaction, significant differences were found according to the BMI. Regarding the corporal idealization, the biggest discrepancy was observed among the older schoolchildren. The work developed with children younger than 5 years pointed out the discordance between the maternal perception and the reference from the WHO being of 32.7%, with kappa of 0.122, considered negligible. A concordance between the maternal perception and the reference from the WHO was observed for the children diagnosed with overweight, regardless of gender and age bracket, with a moderated concordance between the girls and the children aged between 36 and 59 months. Conclusions: The results of this paper indicate a notableprevalence of body image distortion among schoolchildren, especially those who areoverweight, who see themselves slimmer, in addition to idealize a leaner figure and beingdissatisfied with their body. At the evaluation of children younger than 5 years, results pointout a concordance between the maternal perception and the diagnosed only on the cases with overweight children. Nevertheless, besides this relative congruence, a considerable percentageof the mothers who underestimate the overweight in their children is highlighted. It isconcluded, further, that the corporal perception may present specificities related to demographic variables and the real nutritional status. The importance of the findings alerts topublic policies and the health promotion. / Introdução: A imagem corporal associa-se diretamente às questões referentes ao peso corporal, aos transtornos alimentares e à qualidade de vida proporcionada pela satisfação corporal. A plausibilidade da relação entre o estado nutricional e a imagem corporal justificase pela classificação daquele como padrão ouro e deste como evento vulnerável à distorção. Objetivos: Avaliar a autopercepção corporal em escolares que frequentam a rede pública de ensino do município de Campina Grande e examinar a relação com o sexo, idade e Índice de Massa Corporal/Idade e verificar a concordância entre o estado nutricional percebido pela mãe e o diagnosticado em crianças pré-escolares. Material e métodos: Realizaram-se dois estudos com metodologias independentes para alcançar os dois objetivos antepostos. O primeiro foi um estudo transversal realizado com 1081 crianças escolares de 5 a 10 anos. O estado nutricional das crianças foi estimado pelo IMC. A percepção corporal foi avaliada considerando a visão, satisfação e idealização corporal com base na Escala Infantil de Imagem Corporal criada por Truby e Paxton. O segundo, foi um estudo de coorte prospectiva realizado em creches com 269 crianças menores de 5 anos. O estado nutricional infantil foi expresso por meio dos escores-Z de peso/estatura em dois momentos diferentes no período de um ano. A percepção materna do estado nutricional foi obtida na segunda observação, perguntando-se à mãe sua percepção sobre o peso da criança. A concordância entre a percepção materna do estado nutricional da criança e o critério diagnóstico da OMS foi obtida por meio do teste kappa ponderado, ao nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: No estudo com os escolares, o nível de insatisfação corporal entre os mesmos foi de 86%. Observou-se que 75,9% das crianças com sobrepeso e 73,7% das obesas percebem-se mais magras. Cerca de 94,7% dos escolares com sobrepeso, 98% dos obesos e 41,8% dos eutróficos demonstraram que gostariam de ser mais magros, enquanto 83,3% dos desnutridos desejavam ser mais gordos. A visão mais distorcida do corpo foi verificada nas crianças mais velhas e nos meninos. Para a satisfação corporal, diferenças significativas foram encontradas segundo o IMC. Quanto à idealização corporal, a maior discrepância foi observada entre escolares mais velhos. O trabalho desenvolvido com as crianças menores de 5 anos apontou prevalência de discordância entre a percepção materna e a referência da OMS de 32,7%, com kappa de 0,122, considerado desprezível. Observou-se concordância entre a percepção materna e a referência da OMS para as crianças diagnosticadas com sobrepeso, independente do sexo e da faixa etária, com concordância moderada entre as meninas e as crianças de 36-59 meses. Conclusões: Os resultados deste trabalho indicam prevalências expressivas de distorção da imagem corporal entre escolares, especialmente aqueles com excesso de peso, os quais se veem mais magros, além de idealizarem uma figura mais magra e estarem nsatisfeitos com seu corpo. Na avaliação de menores de 5 anos, os resultados apontam concordância entre a percepção materna e o diagnosticado apenas nos casos das crianças com sobrepeso. Contudo, apesar dessa relativa congruência, ressalta-se um percentual considerável de mães que subestimam o sobrepeso em seus filhos. Conclui-se, ainda, que a percepção corporal pode apresentar especificidades relacionadas a variáveis demográficas e do real estado nutricional. Ressalta-se a importância dos achados para as políticas públicas e a promoção da saúde

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-10-01T18:41:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANE DE OLIVEIRA CORDEIRO.pdf: 2724174 bytes, checksum: 5b82751a755f8b340a096a7fbe47a5fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T18:41:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANE DE OLIVEIRA CORDEIRO.pdf: 2724174 bytes, checksum: 5b82751a755f8b340a096a7fbe47a5fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-13 / The aim of the present study, registered in the Education, Society and Culture research line of the Post-Graduation Program in Education of PUC Goiás, is to research the social function of the school based on the family-school relationship. It seeks to elucidate the research problem from the following question: what is the social function of the school in the voices of different subjects that make up the educational action: child, family and school? Thus, the objective is to understand how the family and the school attribute sense and meaning to the formation and socialization of children. In order to understand these presuppositions, it takes as reference of studies and research the foundations of historical-materialism dialectic. The theoretical references that guided this research were: Ariès (1981); Pôster (1979); Engels (1984); Saviani (1991, 2000, 2007, 2014); Brandão (2002, 2006); Charlot; Foucault (1999), among others with whom it was possible to establish a critical dialogue. For the data collection procedures, a semi-structured interview was used with parents, teachers, management group and drawing and also conversation activities with children of the 1st year of elementary school of municipal public, state and private public schools of the municipality of Goiânia. The work is organized into four chapters: the first chapter deals with the historical and social constructions of the family, school and childhood. In the second chapter it takes as reference the children's look at the family and at school. In the third chapter the questions about the parents' gaze on the value of family and school for their children are seized. The fourth chapter was based on the voices of the management group and teachers to understand the role of the family in the relationship with the school and of the senses and meanings attributed to it from the school look. The result of this work indicated that for the studied subjects the school has as its main social function to prepare the subjects for work and, linked to this, a possibility of personal success. It also reaffirms the participation of parents in the culture of nonparticipation and reinforces the idea of parenting, marking the identity of the teaching work. / O presente trabalho, inscrito na linha de pesquisa Educação, Sociedade e Cultura, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da PUC Goiás, tem como objeto de pesquisa a função social da escola a partir da relação família-escola. Procura elucidar o problema de pesquisa a partir da seguinte questão: qual a função social da escola nas vozes de diferentes sujeitos que compõem a ação educativa: criança, família e escola? Desta forma, objetiva-se compreender como família e escola atribuem sentido e significado na formação da socialização das crianças. Para entender esses pressupostos, toma-se como referencial de estudos e pesquisa os fundamentos do materialismo histórico-dialético. Os referenciais teóricos que nortearam essa pesquisa foram: Ariès (1981); Pôster (1979); Engels (1984); Saviani (1991, 2000, 2007, 2014); Brandão (2002, 2006); Charlot (1996, 2005, 2013); Foucault (1999), dentre outros com os quais foi possível estabelecer diálogo crítico. Para os procedimentos de coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevista semiestruturada com pais, professores e grupo gestor e atividades de desenhos e rodas de conversa com crianças do 1° ano do ensino fundamental de escolas pública municipal, pública estadual e particular do município de Goiânia. O trabalho está organizado em quatro capítulos: o primeiro capítulo aborda as construções históricas e sociais da família, escola e infância. No segundo capítulo, toma-se como referência o olhar das crianças sobre a família e sobre a escola. No terceiro capítulo, apreendem-se as questões do olhar dos pais sobre o valor da família e da escola para seus filhos. O quarto capítulo se baseou nas vozes do grupo gestor e dos professores para compreensão do papel da família na relação com a escola e dos sentidos e significados atribuídos a esta pelo olhar da escola. O resultado desse trabalho indicou que, para os sujeitos pesquisados, a escola apresenta como principal função social preparar os sujeitos para o trabalho e, vinculada a isso, uma possibilidade de sucesso pessoal. Reafirma, também, a participação dos pais pela cultura de não participação e reforça a ideia de parentalidade, marcando a identidade do trabalho docente.

The master thesis deals with elements of logical thinking of children aged 5 to 6, which means the přes-school age. The main goal is to finf out the conditions under which the pre-school children are able to apply elements of logical thinking when solving exercises of the zebra type using the manipulation method. Next goal is to investigate on which of the characteristics of the task depends the success of its solution. The partial hypotheses focus on whether children aged 5 to 6 can successfully solve at least half of the assigned tasks, whether they are able to solve them individually and, last but not least, explore zebra formation after experience from the previous graduated six series. The theoretical part focus on the areas of development that the zebra solution of the pre.school child relies on: motor development, thinkig development, logical and prelogic thinking and the possibility of solving activities. The practical part contains scenarios compiled from draduated tasks that will be solved by three groups of four children. It also contains a series of tasks solved individually by children. In the end, neww groups will be built on the succes rate of previous activities, which will prove the ability to develop tasks from previous experience. In addition to the direct observation method,...

This research examined the impact on parents and carers of having a child placed at a residential special school for abused, neglected and traumatised primary aged children. The school is developing its work with families and carers, because if relationships at home are improved, children are more likely to benefit from the placement at Stowbury. Although it is the child who is referred, establishing a good working relationship with parents and carers is vital in helping them with their child’s return home. The study focused on parental experiences of the child’s first year at the school, using interviews at the start of placement and then twelve months later. The data were analysed using a comparative thematic analysis at two time points and a secondary narrative analysis. Researcher reflexivity is used and where appropriate the findings are discussed from a psychoanalytic perspective. The analysis found that during the first year the children make positive changes. Birth parents were helped with their parenting, particularly the (re)establishment of parental boundaries. In contrast, some foster carers found it difficult to share the parenting role, and tensions between home and school were identified. Some parents and carers found it difficult to reflect on their role and relationship with their child. In general, parents and carers expected their child to be able to go to mainstream school when they left Stowbury, and after one year some realised that was unlikely. The study concludes that the experience of foster carers could be improved if they were helped to increase their ability to reflect on their parenting role. In addition, sharing the parenting of this group of children can cause tension between parents, carers and staff. There are training implications for the professionals involved. This research makes an original contribution to knowledge about the psychodynamics that develop in the relationships between the parents, carers and staff looking after abused children in a residential school.

The diploma thesis on "The kindergarten as a primary health education institution" analyses the use of health education in kindergartens. Its next objective is to find out in what form and to what extent kindergartens focus on the topics of this area. The theoretical part contains chapters dealing with health education and pre-school education. It describes the characteristic of the educational field of health education itself, the objectives it focuses on, and its educational content and expected outcomes. The next part describes the characteristics of pre-school education and its objectives, including the Framework Educational Program for Preschool Education. In addition, the elements of health education that are present in educational areas, including primary prevention, are described. The last area deals with the characteristics of a child of a pre-school age and his/her psychomotor development and socialization. The pedagogue's influence on the education of the child and the importance of the kindergarten for the child and his/her development are described here as well. The practical part contains the results of a mixed survey, whereby the results of the quantitative research were obtained using the questionnaire method and the qualitative research was conducted through interviews. The research group is composed of nursery schools teachers in the South Bohemian Region. Their work with children is studied with regard to the field of health education. In the conclusion of the thesis, the results of the research survey are evaluated and summarized.

The diploma thesis discusses family communications during Mealtimes. The first part defines the basic theoretical concepts of the theory of children's speech and research associated with it, it defines preschool child development with an emphasis on language and further defines the concept of family communication and child directed speech. At the end of the theoretical part the thesis explains the importance of food/meals in family life. The theoretical part is mainly based on professional literature. The second part consists of five case studies that focus on the analysis of video communications during family meals. All families that participated on the recording signed a consent. The information was also obtained with the help of sociologically oriented survey about adult participants. All recordings were transcribed according to the CHAT system guidelines, which is part of the CHILDES database. The results are compared with the findings of the professional literature. Keywords communication, pre-school child, child directes speech, food/meals

The objective of this research was to establish what the influence of gestalt group playtherapy on the self-esteem of primary schoolgirls in a children’s home would be. The goals of the research were to build a knowledge basis by means of a literature study and consultation with experts in the field. The aim of this knowledge basis was the needs and developmental characteristics of the middle childhood years, the characteristics and problems encountered by the children’s home child, to assess by means of an empirical study what the influence of gestalt group playtherapy on the self-esteem of the child in the middle childhood years in a children’s home would be and the nature and scope of gestalt therapy. The study also had the further aim to make recommendations for the use and appropriate application of social workers working in the field of children’s welfare, especially the children’s home. For the empirical study the dominant-less-dominant model was used. The dominant data collection measure that was used, was of the quantitative kind with a small component of qualitative study to support the last mentioned quantitative investigation. Six respondents were identified and engaged in eight group playtherapeutic sessions. Applied research was used as the researcher aimed to find a solution for the problem of low self-esteem in specific children, namely the primary school child in the children’s home. The research resorted under the sub-category of intervention-knowledge-development. This type of research focuses on the practical application of research. The research design that researcher utilized, was the quasi-experimental design where one group pretest-posttest was being used. This design is useful to assess how an independent variable would influence a specific group. The data collection methods used were questionnaires, unstructured observation and the study of respondent’s case records. Empirical data results indicated the following: - the child in a children’s home has weak self-esteem; - the child in a children’s home has problems binding with the peer group; - respondents could already identify and regulate emotions in themselves and understand that emotions are not always correctly observed and interpreted in others; - respondent were very negative towards the children’s home and their committal to the home; - gestalt group playtherapy has a significant influence on the self-esteem of the above mentioned child. The research lead to specific recommendations addressed to parents, teachers, social workers and housemothers aiding them regarding the improvement of a child’s self-esteem. / Dissertation (MSD (Play Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

The diploma thesis deals with opportunities of sport activities which primary school children have in the city Strakonice on primary schools, in Youth centre and out of these institutions. The theoretic part of the work shows us the knowledge which is related to the children in primary schools and theirs development and sport. The purpose is to establish the current offer of the sport activities and the offer in the process of ten years. The evaluation is performed on the basis of study of school educational programs, annual reports of schools and collected data are supplemented in the form of an interview with the school management. The tool for evaluating the results are graphs and the results show us how the offer has changed over the years and what sport activities are offered to the primary school children the most. The results also show us the differences that are across these institutions. KEYWORDS sport, sports activity, sports offer, primary school child, Strakonice