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In a survey sent to the senior women's administrator at all three hundred and thirty (N= 330) NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletic departments across the nation, this study examines the differences between Division I athletic department's having an eating disorder (ED) policy and those that that do not and the variables that lead to those differences. Over a 12-month period, from March 2004 through March 2005, one variable that this study addresses is whether having an ED policy influences the number of reported incidences. Likewise, another variable is whether education on ED for the student-athletes influences the number of reported incidences. Lastly, the final variable investigates those intercollegiate athletic departments that have other policies for their student-athletes such as alcohol, tobacco, and drug, and whether this influences having an ED policy. As the following research indicates, ED primarily affects the female gender. In addition, although ED are deemed a medical issue in which the head athletic trainer or the team physician is likely to work closely in treating the athlete, the senior women's administrator is chosen to complete the survey because of their gender, and this study focuses more on the policy itself, from an administrative prospective. For those universities surveyed who do not have such a policy, this paper examines the need, along with the legal responsibilities that intercollegiate athletic programs have toward their student-athletes concerning ED. / Ed. D.

Twenty-first century skills are important for secondary students to experience during school. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gauge the perception of senior students regarding their exposure to the Virginia 5C's (5C's) and the 21st century skills through a senior project experience. The central research question was, Did the senior project at a rural high school in Virginia expose students to the 5C's and 21st century skills? According to the Virginia Board of Education, the 5C's (critical thinking, creative thinking, collaboration, communication, and citizenship) are essential for every public high school student to learn. The 5C's have been incorporated into all public high schools in Virginia, beginning with the freshmen class of 2018-2019. Information was gathered to identify improvements that could be made to a senior project at a public secondary school to determine if 21st century skills and the 5C's were exposed. The senior project coursework included an introduction to 21st century skills and the 5C's, resume workshop, interview training, and an actual interview. Seniors worked 30 minutes each day with an instructor that totaled 2 hours for the senior project experience. After completion of the senior project, 22 students voluntarily completed an electronic survey that contained 12 questions. Results were analyzed and four specific findings were evident. Participants agreed that the senior project exposed them to the 21st century skills and the 5C's. Although the researcher could not prove that the students are better prepared for post-graduation because of the senior project, participants agreed to the survey question that the senior project helped better prepare them for post-graduation. Also the participants agreed that they enjoyed the senior project overall. The results of this study could support leaders with implementing a senior project if the desired outcome is for students to gain knowledge of the 5C's and 21st century skills. / Doctor of Education / Twenty-first century skills are important for secondary students to experience during school. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gauge the perception of senior students regarding their exposure to the Virginia 5C's (5C's) and the 21st century skills through a senior project experience. The central research question was, Did the senior project at a rural high school in Virginia expose students to the 5C's and 21st century skills? According to the Virginia Board of Education, the 5C's (critical thinking, creative thinking, collaboration, communication, and citizenship) are essential for every public high school student to learn. The 5C's have been incorporated into all public high schools in Virginia, beginning with the freshmen class of 2018-2019. Information was gathered to identify improvements that could be made to a senior project at a public secondary school in the western portion of Virginia to determine if 21st century skills and the 5C's were successfully addressed. After completion of the senior project, 22 students voluntarily completed an electronic survey that contained 12 questions. Results were analyzed and it was found that the overall senior project experience exposed students to the 5C's and 21st century skills. Although the researcher could not prove that the students are better prepared for post-graduation because of the senior project, participants agreed to the survey question that the senior project helped better prepare them for post-graduation. Also the participants agreed that they enjoyed the senior project overall.

Appropriate housing for the aging American population is a timely topic of research in both housing and gerontology. Universal design is an innovation in housing design that is gaining interest from both industries. This research examines the effectiveness of universal design features that have been identified by experts in the field of aging, housing, and universal design as important to resident and caregiver participants of the ECHO demonstration housing program. A national survey was conducted that included all available current residents of the HUD ECHO houses and their caregivers. The relationships between age, effectiveness of universal design features, health and dependency were investigated. Quantitative results include some confounding relationships, and plausible explanations. A qualitative analysis, based on on-site and telephone interviews, and tape recordings of those interviews with residents and their caregivers, as well as architectural drawings, observation, and photographs of the ECHO houses provided additional details. The qualitative approach indicated that many of the universal design features recommended by the experts consulted satisfactorily met the needs of residents and/or their caregivers. It also revealed, however that some features were not considered important by residents and caregivers, some were not reported as present (when they were documented by the researcher as present), and at least one HUD-specified universal design feature was not provided by ECHO houses. Another aspect of the qualitative perspective addressed the health of the residents. Health characteristics are presented in the context of their effect on dependency. Phase II dependency task information was compared to that reported in phase I, and improvement and decline was noted. Conclusions, and Implications that elaborate on findings, and future research is recommended for taking this research to the next level. / Ph. D.

The inevitable changes to the built environment over time presents the question of what contemporary design is appropriate for existing historical context. This is inherently a wicked problem that is becoming increasingly important to designers in the 21st century. Wicked problems, as the connotation implies, are those that are multi-faceted, unique, and with innumerable possible solutions (Rittel, Webber 1973). Each individual architectural project is a cog in a city’s evolving machine, therefore no one project should ever be considered unimportant. As Robert Venturi said in his “Gentle Manifesto”, a designer should strive towards “messy vitality over obvious unity” (Venturi, 1966). Finding a simple design resolution is difficult if not impossible in a complex urban city layered with centuries of architecture. It is not necessary to copy the historic building next door, nor is it appropriate to design as if a site has no neighbors. The surrounding context should be evaluated for its mass, scale, program, history, and materials, among others, to inform and inspire a contemporary designer’s work. This thesis offers no “solution”; rather a series of design considerations. These considerations are by no means prescriptive, however. My aspiration is that this thesis can be used by future designers as a tool to prompt discussion and discovery about their own site specific project. / Master of Architecture

Louis Kahn, the master of modern architecture, said, "Even a brick wants to be something " the phrase explained how important it is to respect the properties and materials, each material has a structure or form that can be the most beautiful to express its essence. The reason that he taught the essence of materials by using "brick" as an example among numerous materials the characteristics of bricks are very simple and clear. The essence of the brick lies in 'stacking'. The stone and metal panels which can be found as common as bricks, the surface forms are smooth, but it held by various types of material. The surface materials require separate devices to overcome gravity instead of forming a large surface at a time. Architecture is the site where human technology overcomes the providence of nature. However, brick is not 'attached' material, its 'stacked' material. A piece of brick is placed and laid on, depending on gravity. The nature of bricks goes hand in hand with the history of mankind and is loved a lot. "Architecture is a poem written in light and brick," and brick can be a material that makes use of the essence of architecture: practicality and art. In fact, that the most common building around us is a brick building is evidence that the brick is imprinted with familiar and reliable materials for everyone. Moreover, the bricks are an inexpensive and fast-producing material. In this thesis, I 'd like to propose the housing for elderly residents on the Robinson North Terminal at the Potomac waterfront in Alexandria Virginia. Also I tried to understand and study the material properties of bricks, and to realize mix-used architecture that can conform to Alexandra's unique order and maximize the potential of only sites / Master of Architecture / Aging and Elderly As medical technology develops and demography changes, the demand for more resources. In addition, as the elderly population grows, total support costs (infant and elderly population / productive population) continue to increase. In the past 30 years, the United States has grown at an age-old population five times faster than France and the United Kingdom, twice as many as Germany. Older people's participation in economic activities and their support are emerging as important topics. Older retirees can be good mentors for young adults based on their skills and business operations experience. Economic activity of older people can also reduce conflict among generations. In fact, startups / entrepreneurs accounted for more than 50s over 20-30s. As consumers, people in their 50s have a great presence. Not only do they account for more than 50% of the total US consumption, but consumer dispositions also vary. Likewise, the elderly can be a great help in revitalizing the economy if they are consumers with high demand and maximize their potential as producers. Abandoned land of Alexandria waterfront Robinson terminal North Robinson Terminal North was built in the early 1730's west's point. It was an important marine settlement in the 18th century for marine ships. This site, which is now threadbare, has a lot of historical importance and has a great potential. Robinson Terminal North, which is owned by the Washington Post, is halved by Union Street and currently made up warehouses, a nearly 40,000 square foot pier, and the terminates of a rail line. Redevelopment of the site has been planned for scores of years. In keeping up with the goals of this Plan to encourage public access and delight of the waterfront, land uses in the renewal Robinson Terminal North should be active and productive place.

The focus on sustainability has become more noticeable during recent years. This is especially evident in the Nordics, were Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland tops the sustainability rankings. Moreover, several studies have been conducted surrounding the topic of the sustainability measuring ESG-scores and their relation to financial performance. Simultaneously, researchers have come up with controversial findings regarding the relationship between financial performance and executive compensation. This study aims to find out the relationship between sustainability and senior executive compensation in the Nordics, as well as how they are both connected to financial performance. In order to fulfill this, eight multiple regression models were created on a sample of 101 Nordic companies. The chosen dependent and independent variables comprised various ESG-scores, as well as a ratio of senior executive compensation divided by total revenue. This resulted in 895 different observations during the years 2008 to 2017. This is a quantitative study following the positivist paradigm. Moreover, a deductive approach is taken in regard to how theory is used. Theories used to make conclusions include the stakeholder theory, the shareholder theory, the legitimacy theory, the agency theory and the stewardship theory. The regression models of choice were the OLS model and the OLS robust model, depending whether the models fulfilled the assumption regarding heteroscedasticity. The findings showed no significant relationship between the ESG combined score and the senior executive compensation ratio in the Nordics. However, a significant negative relationship between the compensation and the social and environmental scores could be found. Moreover, the governance-score was the only ESG-score to indicate a positive relationship with senior executive compensation. Conclusions could be made that there is a negative relationship between senior executive compensation and sustainability factors such as emission reduction and employment quality. This finding is in favor for the shareholders, but not the stakeholders. Additionally, there is a positive relationship between senior executive compensation and good governance. This includes factors such as a high score regarding board structure, shareholder rights and CSR strategy. It could also be concluded that good governance has an indirect positive impact on financial performance. Furthermore, the findings question previous arguments that executive compensation is an agency cost, rather than a solution of the agency problem.