The history of HIV/AIDS dates back to 1985, when it was thought to be a disease affecting animals. Later, HIV/AIDS was regarded as an illness which affected gay individuals. However, research world-wide has shown that HIV/AIDS is a disease that affects everyone irrespective of race, gender, social status and sexual orientation. Research regarding the psychological well-being (coping, sense of coherence, locus of control and general health) of HIV infected persons in the workplace seems appropriate and relevant. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between sense of coherence, locus of control, coping, and general health. A cross-sectional survey design was used to achieve research objectives. For the purpose of this study, an availability sample of (n = 91) HIV infected individuals in the workplace was used. Four questionnaires were employed in the empirical study, namely the General Health Questionnaire, the Coping Orientations to the Problems Experienced Questionnaire, the Work Locus of Control Scale, and the Orientation to Life Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, skewness and kurtosis) were used to analyse the data. Pearson correlations and canonical analysis were used to assess the relationships between sense of coherence, locus of control, coping strategies and general health. Approach coping strategies such as active coping, planning, seeking support for instrumental reasons, seeking support for emotional reasons, positive reinterpretation and growth, and acceptance were positively related to a strong sense of coherence and a low external locus of control. Avoidance coping strategies, such as focus on and ventilation of emotions, denial, behavioural disengagement, and mental disengagement were negatively related to sense of coherence and positively related to an external locus of control. HIV infected employees who measured high on planning, low on focus on and venting of emotions, and low on mental disengagement, experienced less anxiety and fewer somatic problems. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Organisations are faced with the reality of a constantly changing environment surrounding them. This brings about the need for changes and adaptations to the changing world around them (Rothmann, 2003). These changes are implemented in the form of restructuring, downsizing, mergers, evolving governmental policies and organisational change initiatives, which can result in high costs, lower productions and poor employee wellness (Van Tonder,2005). In South Africa, the organisations have to cope with change and adaptations to the global world which brings about the need for innovation, competitiveness, customer satisfaction and service quality to remain ahead in the industry which can bring strain on employees and the organisation as a whole (Malhotra & Mukherjee, 2003). ln education institutions, teachers have certain demands to cope with which include syllabus changes and growth, personnel shortages, higher student numbers, multi-lingual teaching and increased specialization (Jackson & Rothmann, 2006) The primary objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between job insecurity, job satisfaction, affective organisational commitment and sense of coherence. Contructs were measured by means of the Job Insecurity Questionnaire (JIQ), the Revised Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ), the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ), the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ) and a biographical questionnaire. A cross-sectional survey design was conducted among the 546 employees of various educational institutions in the Sedibeng District of Gauteng. A response rate of 315 completed questionnaires was received. No statistically significant relationship was found between job insecurity and job satisfaction, job insecurity and affective organisational commitment, and job insecurity and sense of coherence. There was a practically significant relationship found between job satisfaction, affective organisational commitment, and sense of coherence. Sense of coherence was also found to have no moderating effect on job insecurity and job satisfaction, and job insecurity and affective organisational commitment. Recommendations for the organisation and future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.

Organisations are faced with the reality of a constantly changing environment surrounding them. This brings about the need for changes and adaptations to the changing world around them (Rothmann, 2003). These changes are implemented in the form of restructuring, downsizing, mergers, evolving governmental policies and organisational change initiatives, which can result in high costs, lower productions and poor employee wellness (Van Tonder,2005). In South Africa, the organisations have to cope with change and adaptations to the global world which brings about the need for innovation, competitiveness, customer satisfaction and service quality to remain ahead in the industry which can bring strain on employees and the organisation as a whole (Malhotra & Mukherjee, 2003). ln education institutions, teachers have certain demands to cope with which include syllabus changes and growth, personnel shortages, higher student numbers, multi-lingual teaching and increased specialization (Jackson & Rothmann, 2006) The primary objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between job insecurity, job satisfaction, affective organisational commitment and sense of coherence. Contructs were measured by means of the Job Insecurity Questionnaire (JIQ), the Revised Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ), the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ), the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ) and a biographical questionnaire. A cross-sectional survey design was conducted among the 546 employees of various educational institutions in the Sedibeng District of Gauteng. A response rate of 315 completed questionnaires was received. No statistically significant relationship was found between job insecurity and job satisfaction, job insecurity and affective organisational commitment, and job insecurity and sense of coherence. There was a practically significant relationship found between job satisfaction, affective organisational commitment, and sense of coherence. Sense of coherence was also found to have no moderating effect on job insecurity and job satisfaction, and job insecurity and affective organisational commitment. Recommendations for the organisation and future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.

Stress är i dagens samhälle ett vanligt förekommande fenomen inom många domäner där individer på olika vis drabbas. Högskolestuderande är en av grupperna. Tidigare forskning visar att olika faktorer bidrar till stress och att stress kan leda till allvarliga konsekvenser för individer. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka faktorer som relaterar till högskolestudenters upplevda stress. Till grund för studien låg fem frågeställningar. En enkätundersökning genomfördes för att besvara frågeställningarna. Enkäten bestod av en demografisk del, Antonovskys KASAM-formulär och Cohens perceived stress scale. Respondenterna var 302 studerande vid en högskola i Mellansverige, varav 205 kvinnor och 96 män. Databearbetning skedde med korrelationer, t-test, variansanalys och regressionsanalys. Resultatet mynnade ut i slutsatsen att högskolestudenternas KASAM och könstillhörighet relaterar till upplevd stress, men att delaktighet inte relaterar till upplevd stress. Förslag för framtida forskning inom ämnet ges.

Bakgrund: I Sverige insjuknar cirka 25 000 personer i en demenssjukdom årligen. Symtomen har ofta ett smygande förlopp och kan till en början vara svåra att koppla till demenssjukdom. Demenssjukdom har beskrivits som “de anhörigas sjukdom” vilket antyder att sjukdomen inte bara påverkar den som drabbats utan även de anhöriga och deras livssituation. Syfte: Att beskriva anhörigas erfarenheter av att leva tillsammans med en person med demenssjukdom i det gemensamma hemmet. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Sökning av artiklar utfördes i CINAHL, PubMed och PsycInfo och resulterade i elva kvalitetsgranskade vetenskapliga studier. Resultat: Anhörigas erfarenheter är att äktenskapet successivt förändras och de anhöriga intar en ny roll som innebär större ansvar och erfars ofta som en börda. Att få minskad tid för sig själv eller möjlighet att medverka i sociala tillställningar leder ofta till isolering och olika känslomässiga reaktioner. Utbytet med partnern minskar ju längre sjukdomen fortskrider och sociala kontakter förloras vilket leder till en känsla av ensamhet och förlust. Slutsats: Livet för den anhöriga förändras på många olika sätt och de egna behoven nedprioriteras vilket kan leda till att den anhöriga drabbas av ohälsa. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal försöker förstå den situation anhöriga befinner sig för att kunna erbjuda rätt hjälp och stöd.

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abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) holds potential for significantly impacting the primary caregiver and family, as well as the child with ASD. In particular, sleep problems occur frequently among children with ASD, and their poor sleep may negatively affect that of their caregivers. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and Family Quality of Life (FQoL) are salient indices of caregiver and family well-being. This pilot study explored associations between family caregiver sleep problems and caregiver sense of coherence (SOC) or coping on HRQoL and FQoL. Additionally, this study examined relationships between child sleep and behavior problems on caregiver sleep and well-being. Sixty-two family caregivers of children with ASD (M =7.61, range: 6-11 years old) participated in this survey study. Participants provided demographic information and completed measures of HRQoL, FQoL, caregiver sleep, SOC, parental stress, child sleep, and child behavior. Caregivers with longer sleep duration reported better mental health and better FQol. Caregivers who reported insomnia symptoms, non-restorative sleep, and insufficient sleep were more likely to report poorer mental health than caregivers who did not report these sleep disorder symptoms. A stronger caregiver SOC was associated with lower caregiver stress, better mental health, and better FQoL. Significant relationships were found between shorter caregiver sleep duration or sleep disorder symptoms (i.e., difficulty staying asleep, early morning awakening, insufficient sleep) and greater child sleep problems. Moreover, short sleep duration or insufficient sleep among caregivers was significantly associated with greater parenting stress. Notably, biological parents with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) had children with more restless sleep and higher rates of some behavior problems. There are a number of potential connections between sleep problems of children with ASD and sleep problems of their caregivers that are likely rooted in genetic, environmental, socio-economic, and behavioral factors. Interventions for sleep problems must address the context of the family and consider that sleep problems may be common to the caregiver and the child. The results of this study support findings from many prior studies and point to salient variables for future research and interventions to promote healthy caregiver sleep. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Nursing and Healthcare Innovation 2014

Positiv empati kan definieras som att dela och förstå någon annans positiva känslor. Studiens syfte var att översätta den amerikanska positive empathy scale (PES), testa den på svenska högskolestudenter samt relatera PES till känsla av sammanhang (KASAM). En enkätstudie med 181 deltagare genomfördes där deltagarna skattade positiv empati och KASAM. Studiens resultat visade att den svenska översättningen av PES var tillförlitlig, mätt med Cronbach ́s alpha. Resultatet visade även att kvinnor tenderade ha högre positiv empati än män, men att ålder inte resulterade i högre positiv empati. Med hjälp av en hierarkisk multipel regressionsanalys visade resultatet att högre KASAM gav högre positiv empati. Studien visar att det nu finns en svensk positiv empatiskala som verkar tillförlitlig, även om den behövs testas vidare för att bidra till en djupare förståelse i ämnet.

Abstract Dental diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease could well be seen as being behaviour-related. The high prevalence of periodontal disease in the Finnish adult population mirrors the need for improving oral health behaviours in a comprehensive manner. Thus far, scant attention has been drawn to the underlying psycho-social factors that could, in part, explain oral health and oral health behaviours. Deficiencies in oral health behaviour may also be indicative of an individual's poor health behaviour in general. The aim of this study was to introduce the salutogenic approach, called sense of coherence, into the domain of oral health and health behaviour. The present study uses data from the nationally representative Health 2000 survey carried out in 2000–2001 by the National Public Health Institute of Finland. The subjects of this study numbered 4175 in article I, 4131 in article II, 4039 in article III, and 4096 in article IV, and were 30- to 64-year-old dentate men and women. The cross-sectional data was collected via home interviews, self-administered questionnaires, or clinical examinations. Sense of coherence was positively associated with oral health behaviours, such as dental attendance and tooth-brushing frequency. In addition to tooth-brushing frequency, sense of coherence was also positively associated with the level of oral hygiene. The association between sense of coherence and level of oral hygiene weakened only marginally after controlling for tooth-brushing frequency. A strong sense of coherence was strongly associated with a positive oral health-related quality of life (OHIP). Sense of coherence was also associated with all of the OHIP sub-scales, and the association was most evident in the psychological discomfort, psychological disability and handicap sub-scales. Among males, health behaviours seemed multidimensional, whereas they tended to be unidimensional among females. A strong sense of coherence was a common determinant of healthy behaviours in general, as well as of a good subjective health status. The present study recognizes the sense of coherence as a common health-promoting determinant of oral and general health behaviours, good oral health, and a good oral health-related quality of life. The results thus suggest that the role of psycho-social factors should not be underestimated in health promotion.

Nous avons réalisé une enquête par questionnaire auprès de 65 anciens enfantsjuifs cachés durant la deuxième guerre mondiale, situation évaluée comme untraumatisme dans l’enfance, ainsi qu’auprès de leurs enfants. Nous avons comparé cesanciens enfants cachés à 65 sujets ni juifs ni cachés d’âge comparable. Dans unpremier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés au degré d’anxio-dépression de cespopulations consécutivement en tenant compte de deux variables :l’existence dupremier traumatisme dans l’enfance (enfants cachés ou non) et la présence oul’absence d’éventuels traumatismes ultérieurs. L’effet de ces deux variables surl’anxio-dépression a été expliqué par leurs effets sur les compétences de résilience.Les variables Anxio-Dépression et Résilience ont été mesurées quantitativement surbase d’échelles validées. De plus, nous nous sommes intéressés à un concept prochede la résilience, le Sens de la Cohérence (SOC), également mesuré sur base d’uneéchelle quantitative validée. Quatre résultats majeurs ressortent de notre enquête.Premièrement, nous avons démontré que la résilience subit une érosion sousl’effet de traumatismes multiples (phénomène de sensibilisation), ce qui augmente lerisque de développer des troubles anxio-dépressifs. De ce fait, la résilience n’est pasun trait de personnalité, fixé pour la vie entière une fois le développementpsychologique de l’individu accompli, mais s’assimile à une aptitude, susceptible des’éroder mais aussi de se renforcer par des techniques psychothérapeutiquesspécifiques. Nous confirmons les résultats des précédentes recherches montrant que larésilience n’est pas un bloc monolithique mais plutôt un concept multifactoriel quis’appuie sur les ressources propres de l’individu, celles de son milieu familial et cellesde son milieu social.Deuxièmement, nous avons pu démontrer que le SOC s’érode lui aussi sousl’effet de traumatismes multiples mais que, contrairement à la résilience, il a unedouble composante, à la fois aptitude et trait de personnalité ;c’est-à-dire qu’unepartie du SOC ne s’érode pas en fonction des expériences traumatiques rencontrées aulong de l’existence et apparaît comme une composante stable fixée dès l’enfance.Troisièmement, notre recherche a permis de démontrer que la survenue d’untraumatisme ultérieur aggrave la perception qu’a un individu d’un traumatisme subidurant l’enfance, montrant en cela que la mémoire et les souvenirs ne sont pas figésune fois pour toutes mais sont en perpétuel remaniement, modelés par les interactionsconstantes entre le passé et le présent.Quatrièmement, notre recherche a montré que la présence d’un traumatismemajeur chez les parents peut engendrer une altération du fonctionnement familial quiempêcherait leurs enfants de développer des stratégies efficientes d’adaptation auxstress et aux traumatismes (résilience et SOC), ce qui favorise, chez eux, ledéveloppement de troubles anxio-dépressifs.Au travers de ces conclusions, nous abordons les conséquences à la foisthéoriques et cliniques. Nous soulignons les principales limitations de nos études / Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished