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The following document presents my dissertation composition. The work is written for eight performers, including flute, clarinet, saxophone, French horn, percussion, violin, viola, and Double Bass. The duration of the piece is approximately sixteen minutes, in a single movement. This composition explores forms of discontinuity within continuous textures, and includes particular theatrical and staging elements.

Morgan reads the treatment of gesture in Clarissa (Richardson, 1747 - 48), Amelia (Fielding,1 751), and Cecilia (Burney, 1782) to study the capacity the sentimental novel attributes to physical forms of eloquence to generate sociability and moderate selfishness in London. He argues that the eighteenth-century English novel of sentiment adopts a physiology derived from Descartes's theory of the body-machine to construct sentimental protagonists whose gestures bear witness against Bernard Mandeville's assertions that people are not naturally sociable, and that self-interest, rather than sympathy, determines absolutely every aspect of human behaviour. However, when studied in the context of sentimental fiction set in the cruel and unsociable metropolis of London, the action of this eloquent body proved relatively ineffectual in changing its spectators for the better. In the English novelistic tradition that stems from Samuel Richardson's Clarissa (1747 - 48), selfishness lies at the roots of civilization, and inculcates modern urban people with instinctively theatrical mores: metropolitan theatricality, marked out in the gestures of the polite body, works to vitiate the sociability that might naturally animate everyday human intercourse. Clarissa responds to the dilemma of the intrinsic theatricality and self-interestedness of modern civil society with a heroine whose gestures (that is, whose physical states) demonstrate an eloquence that partially counteracts some of the effects self-love has upon the metropolis. But while sympathy and natural eloquence do little to diminish London's submission to selfishness, they remain, in Clarissa, unequivocally good. In contrast with Clarissa, Henry Fielding's Amelia (1751) and Frances Burney's Cecilia (1782) criticize both phenomena. In these novels, both by written by socially conservative authors, natural eloquence and sympathy do not generate sociability in London at all and do not even ensure personal virtue unless they are tempered by the discipline of some kind of theatricality. For Fielding and for Burney, unregulated sympathy becomes a problem to which the best remedy is a modicum of stage-craft. But, strangely enough, all three novels indirectly licence the principles of the self-interest they ostensibly attack. Ultimately, these novels of sentiment self-consciously position sympathy and natural eloquence as supplemental discourses that might protest against the dominant practices of Mandevillian self-interest that produce the social order of the metropolis. The net result is that the novel of sentiment implicitly tolerates the dominance of self-interest in the areas of public activity that lie mostly outside the subject-matter with which sentimental fiction principally concerns itself.

Morgan reads the treatment of gesture in Clarissa (Richardson, 1747 - 48), Amelia (Fielding,1 751), and Cecilia (Burney, 1782) to study the capacity the sentimental novel attributes to physical forms of eloquence to generate sociability and moderate selfishness in London. He argues that the eighteenth-century English novel of sentiment adopts a physiology derived from Descartes's theory of the body-machine to construct sentimental protagonists whose gestures bear witness against Bernard Mandeville's assertions that people are not naturally sociable, and that self-interest, rather than sympathy, determines absolutely every aspect of human behaviour. However, when studied in the context of sentimental fiction set in the cruel and unsociable metropolis of London, the action of this eloquent body proved relatively ineffectual in changing its spectators for the better. In the English novelistic tradition that stems from Samuel Richardson's Clarissa (1747 - 48), selfishness lies at the roots of civilization, and inculcates modern urban people with instinctively theatrical mores: metropolitan theatricality, marked out in the gestures of the polite body, works to vitiate the sociability that might naturally animate everyday human intercourse. Clarissa responds to the dilemma of the intrinsic theatricality and self-interestedness of modern civil society with a heroine whose gestures (that is, whose physical states) demonstrate an eloquence that partially counteracts some of the effects self-love has upon the metropolis. But while sympathy and natural eloquence do little to diminish London's submission to selfishness, they remain, in Clarissa, unequivocally good. In contrast with Clarissa, Henry Fielding's Amelia (1751) and Frances Burney's Cecilia (1782) criticize both phenomena. In these novels, both by written by socially conservative authors, natural eloquence and sympathy do not generate sociability in London at all and do not even ensure personal virtue unless they are tempered by the discipline of some kind of theatricality. For Fielding and for Burney, unregulated sympathy becomes a problem to which the best remedy is a modicum of stage-craft. But, strangely enough, all three novels indirectly licence the principles of the self-interest they ostensibly attack. Ultimately, these novels of sentiment self-consciously position sympathy and natural eloquence as supplemental discourses that might protest against the dominant practices of Mandevillian self-interest that produce the social order of the metropolis. The net result is that the novel of sentiment implicitly tolerates the dominance of self-interest in the areas of public activity that lie mostly outside the subject-matter with which sentimental fiction principally concerns itself.

A pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que o trabalho do ator no Cinema enfrenta adversidades que são características do sistema de produção cinematográfico. Dentre elas está a necessidade de contracenar com o aparato tecnológico utilizado para o registro de imagem e som. Além disso, a dinâmica de trabalho em uma produção audiovisual não favorece uma interação entre a equipe e o elenco no momento em que a cena acontece; não visa estabelecer um elo de comunicação sensível entre atuação e demais presentes no “set” de filmagem. O aqui e agora do trabalho do ator na cena cinematográfica está sob constante risco de ter uma assistência pouco participativa durante o seu acontecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar algumas formas com as quais diferentes realizadores e pesquisadores lidaram com essa questão, utilizando como instrumental teórico de análise o conceito de espetacularidade sob a perspectiva da Etnocenologia. Para empreender esse estudo é necessária a realização de uma apropriação dos conceitos de espetacularidade e de teatralidade na relação entre equipe, elenco e aparato técnico na encenação cinematográfica. Nessa apropriação de conceitos algumas experiências de criação cênica em Teatro e Cinema do próprio pesquisador também serão utilizadas como material de apoio. O que se busca com essa pesquisa é fazer uma contribuição ao debate sobre a Etnocenologia e o trabalho do ator/diretor - de Cinema e de Teatro - em uma perspectiva que apresenta entrelaçamentos da arte teatral com a arte cinematográfica. / The research assumes that the actor's work in Cinema facing adversities that are characteristic of cinematic production system. Among them is the need to act with the technological apparatus used for recording image and sound. Moreover, the dynamics of working in an audiovisual production does not encourage interaction between the cast and crew at the time that the scene takes place, it’s not intended to establish a sensitive communication link between the dramatic act and other gifts in "set" of the filming. The here and now of the actor's work on the film scene is under constant risk of having a little participatory assistance during your event. The objective of this work is to study some ways in which different directors and researchers have dealt with this issue, using as theoretical tools of analysis the concept of spectacle from the perspective of Ethnoscenology. To undertake this study is necessary to perform an appropriation of the concepts of spectacle and theatricality in the relationship between staff, cast and technical apparatus in cinematic staging. In that appropriation of concepts some experiments scenic setting in Theatre and Cinema of the researcher will also be used as support material. The intention of this research is to make a contribution to the discussion about Ethnoscenology and work of actor/director - Film and Theatre - in a perspective that presents twists of theatrical art with the art of cinema.

A pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que o trabalho do ator no Cinema enfrenta adversidades que são características do sistema de produção cinematográfico. Dentre elas está a necessidade de contracenar com o aparato tecnológico utilizado para o registro de imagem e som. Além disso, a dinâmica de trabalho em uma produção audiovisual não favorece uma interação entre a equipe e o elenco no momento em que a cena acontece; não visa estabelecer um elo de comunicação sensível entre atuação e demais presentes no “set” de filmagem. O aqui e agora do trabalho do ator na cena cinematográfica está sob constante risco de ter uma assistência pouco participativa durante o seu acontecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar algumas formas com as quais diferentes realizadores e pesquisadores lidaram com essa questão, utilizando como instrumental teórico de análise o conceito de espetacularidade sob a perspectiva da Etnocenologia. Para empreender esse estudo é necessária a realização de uma apropriação dos conceitos de espetacularidade e de teatralidade na relação entre equipe, elenco e aparato técnico na encenação cinematográfica. Nessa apropriação de conceitos algumas experiências de criação cênica em Teatro e Cinema do próprio pesquisador também serão utilizadas como material de apoio. O que se busca com essa pesquisa é fazer uma contribuição ao debate sobre a Etnocenologia e o trabalho do ator/diretor - de Cinema e de Teatro - em uma perspectiva que apresenta entrelaçamentos da arte teatral com a arte cinematográfica. / The research assumes that the actor's work in Cinema facing adversities that are characteristic of cinematic production system. Among them is the need to act with the technological apparatus used for recording image and sound. Moreover, the dynamics of working in an audiovisual production does not encourage interaction between the cast and crew at the time that the scene takes place, it’s not intended to establish a sensitive communication link between the dramatic act and other gifts in "set" of the filming. The here and now of the actor's work on the film scene is under constant risk of having a little participatory assistance during your event. The objective of this work is to study some ways in which different directors and researchers have dealt with this issue, using as theoretical tools of analysis the concept of spectacle from the perspective of Ethnoscenology. To undertake this study is necessary to perform an appropriation of the concepts of spectacle and theatricality in the relationship between staff, cast and technical apparatus in cinematic staging. In that appropriation of concepts some experiments scenic setting in Theatre and Cinema of the researcher will also be used as support material. The intention of this research is to make a contribution to the discussion about Ethnoscenology and work of actor/director - Film and Theatre - in a perspective that presents twists of theatrical art with the art of cinema.

A pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que o trabalho do ator no Cinema enfrenta adversidades que são características do sistema de produção cinematográfico. Dentre elas está a necessidade de contracenar com o aparato tecnológico utilizado para o registro de imagem e som. Além disso, a dinâmica de trabalho em uma produção audiovisual não favorece uma interação entre a equipe e o elenco no momento em que a cena acontece; não visa estabelecer um elo de comunicação sensível entre atuação e demais presentes no “set” de filmagem. O aqui e agora do trabalho do ator na cena cinematográfica está sob constante risco de ter uma assistência pouco participativa durante o seu acontecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar algumas formas com as quais diferentes realizadores e pesquisadores lidaram com essa questão, utilizando como instrumental teórico de análise o conceito de espetacularidade sob a perspectiva da Etnocenologia. Para empreender esse estudo é necessária a realização de uma apropriação dos conceitos de espetacularidade e de teatralidade na relação entre equipe, elenco e aparato técnico na encenação cinematográfica. Nessa apropriação de conceitos algumas experiências de criação cênica em Teatro e Cinema do próprio pesquisador também serão utilizadas como material de apoio. O que se busca com essa pesquisa é fazer uma contribuição ao debate sobre a Etnocenologia e o trabalho do ator/diretor - de Cinema e de Teatro - em uma perspectiva que apresenta entrelaçamentos da arte teatral com a arte cinematográfica. / The research assumes that the actor's work in Cinema facing adversities that are characteristic of cinematic production system. Among them is the need to act with the technological apparatus used for recording image and sound. Moreover, the dynamics of working in an audiovisual production does not encourage interaction between the cast and crew at the time that the scene takes place, it’s not intended to establish a sensitive communication link between the dramatic act and other gifts in "set" of the filming. The here and now of the actor's work on the film scene is under constant risk of having a little participatory assistance during your event. The objective of this work is to study some ways in which different directors and researchers have dealt with this issue, using as theoretical tools of analysis the concept of spectacle from the perspective of Ethnoscenology. To undertake this study is necessary to perform an appropriation of the concepts of spectacle and theatricality in the relationship between staff, cast and technical apparatus in cinematic staging. In that appropriation of concepts some experiments scenic setting in Theatre and Cinema of the researcher will also be used as support material. The intention of this research is to make a contribution to the discussion about Ethnoscenology and work of actor/director - Film and Theatre - in a perspective that presents twists of theatrical art with the art of cinema.

Morgan reads the treatment of gesture in Clarissa (Richardson, 1747 - 48), Amelia (Fielding,1 751), and Cecilia (Burney, 1782) to study the capacity the sentimental novel attributes to physical forms of eloquence to generate sociability and moderate selfishness in London. He argues that the eighteenth-century English novel of sentiment adopts a physiology derived from Descartes's theory of the body-machine to construct sentimental protagonists whose gestures bear witness against Bernard Mandeville's assertions that people are not naturally sociable, and that self-interest, rather than sympathy, determines absolutely every aspect of human behaviour. However, when studied in the context of sentimental fiction set in the cruel and unsociable metropolis of London, the action of this eloquent body proved relatively ineffectual in changing its spectators for the better. In the English novelistic tradition that stems from Samuel Richardson's Clarissa (1747 - 48), selfishness lies at the roots of civilization, and inculcates modern urban people with instinctively theatrical mores: metropolitan theatricality, marked out in the gestures of the polite body, works to vitiate the sociability that might naturally animate everyday human intercourse. Clarissa responds to the dilemma of the intrinsic theatricality and self-interestedness of modern civil society with a heroine whose gestures (that is, whose physical states) demonstrate an eloquence that partially counteracts some of the effects self-love has upon the metropolis. But while sympathy and natural eloquence do little to diminish London's submission to selfishness, they remain, in Clarissa, unequivocally good. In contrast with Clarissa, Henry Fielding's Amelia (1751) and Frances Burney's Cecilia (1782) criticize both phenomena. In these novels, both by written by socially conservative authors, natural eloquence and sympathy do not generate sociability in London at all and do not even ensure personal virtue unless they are tempered by the discipline of some kind of theatricality. For Fielding and for Burney, unregulated sympathy becomes a problem to which the best remedy is a modicum of stage-craft. But, strangely enough, all three novels indirectly licence the principles of the self-interest they ostensibly attack. Ultimately, these novels of sentiment self-consciously position sympathy and natural eloquence as supplemental discourses that might protest against the dominant practices of Mandevillian self-interest that produce the social order of the metropolis. The net result is that the novel of sentiment implicitly tolerates the dominance of self-interest in the areas of public activity that lie mostly outside the subject-matter with which sentimental fiction principally concerns itself. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Writers of the 1830s and 1840s sought to interpret their changing society in an explosion of new forms, developing an all-inclusive aesthetic that saw writing as a direct expression of individual experience, without boundary between life and page and without hierarchy of genre or subject matter. Analyses of social types and behaviour proliferated in which two current preoccupations stood out: the materialist motivation of an industrialising society with an expanding middle class, and the degree of theatricality involved in manoevring for a place in that society. Often groundbreaking, the analyses of August Lewald (1792–1871) were informed by his broad experience which included commerce and the theatre, and for which he was renowned. Contemporary reviews acknowledge the innovativeness of his writing and his sure eye for key issues of the day. In the new conditions after 1848, however, his popularity soon vanished, and he has been largely overlooked since then. My thesis aims to demonstrate that such a strong representative of the period in both his life and works calls for reinstatement as significant writer and personality. Three of Lewald’s works have been selected to support this aim. After an Introduction which tries to place Lewald within the experimental context of the Vormärz, Chapters 1–3 will offer a close reading of each work, contextualised by reference to other works, contemporary reviews, and biographical detail where it seems relevant. Sketches from Album aus Paris exemplify Lewald’s early and influential innovativeness in their humorous scrutiny of social behaviour through observation of its external manifestations, in the style of French Physiologies. Memoiren eines Banquiers exploits fictionalised life-writing as a cover behind which to confront controversial issues around money, Jewish emancipation and prejudice. Theater-Roman plays with the metaphor of society as theatre, conveying the ultimately futile illusoriness of contemporary society’s values, and foreshadowing Lewald’s own increasing rejection of his Vormärz life- and writing style after 1848. My Conclusion claims for Lewald’s life and writing individuality and originality as well as qualities that make him exemplary of his time. It proposes, as a project among other topics for further research, that a new edition of his sketches in particular, enjoyable in their own right, would be a valuable contribution to knowledge of the Vormärz period.

Este estudo realiza uma reflexão sobre a teatralidade existente na dança do Grupo Primeiro Ato. Tem início em uma breve retrospectiva histórica da dança moderna brasileira, atravessando o período que vai dos anos vinte aos anos setenta do século passado, quando experiências de dança contemporânea começaram a surgir no cenário artístico nacional, traçando assim, um percurso do macro para o micro, do Brasil para a cena mineira e depois para o Primeiro Ato. Um duplo olhar, então, é construído. Primeiramente aquele que parte da dança em direção ao teatro, analisando alguns de seus criadores mais significativos, e em seguida do teatro para a dança, para chegar assim ao amálgama entre essas formas artísticas. Na parte final deste estudo, o espetáculo Sem Lugar foi escolhido como referência através da qual a teatralidade pode ser reconhecida como produto de um diálogo profundo com a dança, processo esse que é gerador, por sua vez, de diferentes dramaturgias que se interrelacionam, caracterizando um tecido poético que torna específico o trabalho do Primeiro Ato. / This study represents a reflection on the theatricality developed by the Primeiro Ato Dance Group. It begins with a short historical retrospective of Brazilian Modern Dance, going through a period from the twenties to the seventies of the past century, a moment when aspects related to contemporary dance emerged in the Brazilian dance scene. In this way, a path was designed, from a macro to a micro point of view, from events occurred throughout Brazil to the State of Minas Gerais, and then to the work created by Primeiro Ato specifically. Then, a kind of Double approach was explored. Firstly from dance to theatre, analyzing some of its most important creators, and secondly from theatre to dance, in order to achieve what was called here the amalgam between these art forms. In the final part of this study, a production named Sem Lugar was chosen as a reference through which theatricality can be recognized as a result of a deep dialogue with dance, a process which generates, in turn, different dramaturgies that intertwine, characterizing a poetic layer which makes the work created by Primeiro Ato truly unique.