Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:54:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL CASTRO RABELO.pdf: 606167 bytes, checksum: 11ec27e1991e44a3b10a80cc74bc519c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-17 / Leaving of the presupposition that the human work that takes place a school institution has the center the individuals' education, seeking his/her formation and transformation, this work should be organized so that the different elements and dimensions that compose are him united around the educational purposes. In that sense, one of the essential elements is the administration. It is verified that the studies that treat of the school administration have if gone back to the basic teaching and, with smaller frequency, for the higher education. Studies returned to the university have been giving little emphasis to the administration in the university, revealing the need of more studies concerning this theme. Starting from the study of the theory of the activity formulated by A. N. Leontiev, that explains the general structure of the human activity, it was noticed his/her potential to enrich the analysis of the administration in the university. This research search to investigate the administration in the university starting from the following subject: how can the academical administration are characterized in an understanding based in the theory of the activity? His/her relevance is evidenced by the own shortage of studies concerning the theme and also for offering an analysis based on concepts of the theory of the activity, contributing to better understanding of the academical administration as a system of activities and for larger valorization of the dimension of the administration of the higher education. It was made a bibliographical research concerning the theme, the deepened study of the theory of the activity being looked for a possibility of characterization of the administration in the university. The theoretical foudation was looked for mainly in A. N. Leontiev and Y. Engeström. The general objective of the research was to characterize the administration in the university as a system of activities. The main results of the research reveal that: the brazilian universities, especially the public ones, still today use of the rational and bureaucratic administration model business, whose beginnings are guided for the obtaining of quantitative income and efficiency of the universities in the preparation of exits for the job market in a capitalist perspective; being considered the bureaucratic administration model of the universities and the System of Activity proposed by Engeström, it is had inside of the university a system of simultaneous and interlinked activities that you/they intersect to reach certain results, however the contradiction of this model does with that he/she gets lost his/her own administration essence, once the activities separate inside from the university according to specific departments, putting the subjects in work actions in conditions that isolate them some of the other ones and of the common objectives. / Esta pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que o trabalho humano que se realiza numa instituição escolar de ensino superior tem como um dos elementos essenciais a gestão. A questão que norteou a pesquisa foi: como pode ser caracterizada a gestão na universidade numa compreensão baseada na teoria da atividade? A relevância de se investigar esta questão evidencia-se na contribuição que traz para se compreender a gestão na universidade como um sistema de atividades, seus elementos e suas contradições. Optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica, fundamentada principalmente na teoria da atividade formulada por A. N. Leontiev e ampliada por Y. Engeström. O objetivo geral foi caracterizar a gestão na universidade a partir de uma análise baseada nos conceitos dessa teoria, principalmente o conceito de sistema de atividades. No entanto, verificou-se uma contradição essencial expressa nos seguintes elementos: - as universidades brasileiras, em especial as públicas, ainda hoje utilizam o modelo de gestão racional e burocrático empresarial, cujos principais objetivos são o rendimento e a eficiência, preparando os egressos para o mercado de trabalho; - esse modelo de gestão, todavia, já não consegue responder às necessidades da sociedade capitalista contemporânea; considerando-se o modelo de gestão burocrático das universidades e o Sistema de Atividade proposto por Engestrom, tem-se dentro da universidade um sistema de atividades simultâneas e interligadas que se entrecruzam para atingir determinados resultados; - a contradição gerada por esse modelo faz com que se perca sua própria essência de gestão, uma vez que, no interior da instituição, as atividades se separam conforme departamentos específicos, colocando os sujeitos em condições de trabalho que os isolam uns dos outros e dos objetivos comuns da instituição. Conclui-se que se faz necessário que a universidade brasileira busque mudanças e transformações em sua estrutura organizacional e em seu modo de gestão a partir de outros modelos, sobretudo no tocante à construção de um modelo democrático de gestão.

This study places the intended creation and implementation of an inter-professional education strategy at the intersection of three networks. The networks in question are cultural historical activity theory (CHAT), actor network theory (ANT), and a complex healthcare organisation (NHSX). CHAT and ANT, whilst both socio-material in origin, afford quite different readings of NHSX: therefore, the former has been used to identify, distil, and decompose the organisational activity systems, and the latter has been used to problematise them. The strategy was created in 2005 and had ceased to exist by 2010. This study therefore employs CHAT and ANT accounts to trace the lifespan of the strategy through the organisation, in particular through organisational working, learning, and boundary crossing, in an attempt to explain its untimely demise. It is envisaged that this study will provide an aid to framing how socio-material approaches can be combined to support inter-professional policy construction and implementation in a way that will allow flexibility for others to adapt to their own distinctive circumstances

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Celia Magalhaes de Souza.pdf: 785545 bytes, checksum: 1a0f4d3e3d5be6d254a263dccb97f354 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-31 / Secretaria do Estado e Educação / This research, focusing on the inclusion questions, aims to analyze whether, in the teach-learning process, the pedagogical actions developed by the teacher, mediated by languages and other cultural tools socially built in the school environment, are able to promote: (1) the social constitutions of pupils that features NEE, as well as, (2) the perception of themselves and the other pupils. Furthermore, it discusses the existing dilemmas in the inclusive school, represented in the terminology used in legislation as well as in pedagogical actions developed by the teacher. During the teaching process, when stipulating the rules and the division of work, the teacher creates such a conflict that may lead to a transformation in the activity and in the social practices developed in the school environment. In a broader view, this thesis intends to contribute to the formation area of the teacher that seeks to dissipate such dilemmas, allowing, in this way, the inclusion of the pupils with special educational needs. This work is supported by theories which include the studies on both verbal and writing speeches developed by Bakhtin (1979), teach-learning and defectology developed by Vygotsky (1920-1930) and Theory of the Activity developed by Engeström (1999). The research methodology used is the participatory one (Rizzini, et al. 1999). This research is carried out in a public school of the capital of São Paulo and it has, as a participant of the process, a pupil with special educational needs and a diagnosis of cerebral paralysis. Besides the coordination problems and speaking difficulties, such pupil presents a slight mental deficiency. The data were collected in 2004 through a) observation; b) recording of the classes in audio and video; c) interviews. The results demonstrate that in order to propitiate a real inclusion, the so-called inclusive school has to face the challenge of rethinking its pedagogical practice. This rethinking has to be oriented in the forms of collaborative action and, gradually, determine the level of the child development allowing a movement of building and rebuilding the pedagogical actions in which teachers and pupils may plan together the tasks to be performed / Este trabalho, enfocando especificamente as questões de inclusão, tem por objetivo analisar se, no processo ensino-aprendizagem, as ações pedagógicas desenvolvidas pelo professor, mediadas pela linguagem e outras ferramentas culturais socialmente construídas no ambiente escolar, promovem (1) a constituição social dos alunos que apresentam NEE, bem como, (2) a percepção de si mesmo e do outro. Em termos mais específicos, discute os dilemas existentes na escola inclusiva, representados na terminologia utilizada na legislação, bem como, nas ações pedagógicas desenvolvidas pelo professor, que durante a atividade aula, ao estipular as regras e a divisão de trabalho, gera conflitos que podem propiciar uma transformação na atividade e nas práticas sociais desenvolvidas na escola. Em um âmbito mais abrangente, esta pesquisa visa contribuir para a área de formação de professores que buscam dissipar esses dilemas propiciando dessa forma uma inclusão de fato e não somente de direito. Teoricamente o trabalho está apoiado nos estudos sobre discursos orais e escritos desenvolvidos por Bakhtin (1979), ensino- aprendizagem e defectologia desenvolvidos por Vygotsky (1920-1930) e Teoria da Atividade desenvolvidos por Engeström (1999). A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada é do tipo participativa (Rizzini, et al. 1999). A pesquisa é realizada em uma escola pública estadual da capital de São Paulo, tendo como participantes do processo um aluno com NEE, que tem um diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral, e além dos problemas de coordenação motora e dificuldades na fala, apresenta uma deficiência mental leve, o professor e os demais alunos. Os dados forma coletados no ano de 2004, através de: a) observação e notas de campo; b) gravação em áudio e vídeo de aulas; c) entrevistas com os participantes da pesquisa. Os resultados demonstram que para propiciar uma inclusão de fato e não somente de direito, a escola dita inclusiva se vê a frente do desafio de repensar suas praticas pedagógicas. Esse repensar, precisa ser pautado nas formas de ação colaborativa, e assim determinar o nível de desenvolvimento potencial da criança, propiciando um movimento de construir e reconstruir das ações pedagógicas, no qual, o professor e alunos podem planejar conjuntamente as tarefas a serem trabalhadas

Ce travail de thèse porte sur la conception et l’expérimentation d’un outil d’aide au transfert de connaissances enseignées pour la formation professionnelle en alternance de techniciens supérieurs. La formation étudiée s’adresse à des étudiants d’un Diplôme Universitaire de Technologie en Statistique et en Traitement Informatique de données (DUT-STID). Elle est dispensée au sein d’un Institut Universitaire de Technologie (IUT Lumière Lyon 2) qui présente la particularité de ne fonctionner qu’en alternance, avec un engagement important des professionnels dans tout le processus de la formation. La durée de cette formation est de deux ans dans une formule spécifique le « 1 + 1 » où les apprenants sont sous statut d’étudiants la première année et sous statut d’apprenti la seconde année. Pour étudier le transfert de connaissances enseignées en entreprise, nous nous sommes appuyé sur un cadre théorique basé sur la théorie de l’activité (Engeström, 1987 ; Tuomi-Grohn & Engeström, 2003). Du point de vue méthodologique, nous avons fait le choix d’une approche progressive et collaborative. Nous avons tout d’abord mené, à partir de plusieurs sources de données (documents ; enquête et entretiens ; archives des traces d’activités des apprentis en entreprise issues des livrets d’apprentissage) une analyse de l’organisation pédagogique de la formation en recherchant ce qui pouvait, au sein de celle-ci, favoriser les mises en lien de situations d’apprentissage et les transferts de connaissances. Les résultats de cette analyse ont montré que l’organisation existante était peu favorable aux transferts de connaissances enseignées en situation de travail, comme cela peut être le cas dans de nombreuses formations en alternance. Puis, nous avons conçu, en nous inspirant du concept d’objet-frontière, et en étroite collaboration avec les responsables de la formation et les enseignants connaissant le mieux le cursus et les missions des apprentis en entreprise, un nouvel outil permettant d’effectuer des rapprochements entre des types de tâches réalisées en entreprise et des types de connaissances enseignées à l’IUT. Ce nouvel outil a été testé et expérimenté sur plusieurs cas d’étudiants en apprentissage en entreprise au cours de différentes périodes. L’objectif était de varier les types de contexte et les profils de tuteur pour tester la capacité de l’outil à fonctionner dans différents types de systèmes d’activité, avec différents types d’acteurs. Sur la base des cas étudiés, les tests et expérimentations réalisés en situation réelle ont révélé que notre outil répondait indéniablement à un besoin et était très favorablement accueilli notamment par les maitres d’apprentissage, les apprentis et les tuteurs universitaires, principaux destinataires de cet objet-frontière. Dans les cas étudiés, il a permis d’enrichir les missions confiées, d’expliciter davantage les étapes et les ressources nécessaires au travail de l’apprenti et de favoriser des temps d’échange sur les connaissances et outils enseignés à l’IUT qui pourraient être pertinents pour la réalisation des activités en entreprise. L’expérimentation montre, cependant, que son utilisation est complexe et repose surtout sur la capacité des tuteurs universitaires à en expliciter le fonctionnement aux maitres d’apprentissage et à faire vivre l’outil en situation. La dernière partie de la thèse rend compte du travail réalisé pour intégrer cet outil d’aide au transfert dans l’organisation pédagogique de la formation. Depuis septembre 2012, il fait officiellement partie des outils de suivi et d’évaluation des apprentis en situation de travail. / This work of thesis concerns the conception and the experiment of a help tool for the transfer of knowledge taught for the vocational training in senior technicians' alternation. The studied training addresses students of a Two-year technical degree in Statistics and IT processing of data (DUT-STID). It takes place within a University Institute of Technology (IUT Lumière LYON 2) which has the peculiarity to work only in alternation, with a significant commitment of professionals throughout the training process. The duration of this training is of two years in a specific formula " 1 + 1 " where the learners are under students' status the first year and under the status of apprentice the second. To study the transfer of knowledge taught in company, we leaned on a theoretical framework based on the theory of the activity (Engeström, 1987; Tuomi-Grohn and Engeström, 2003). From the methodological point of view, we chose a progressive and collaborative approach. We first conducted from multiple data sources (documents; survey and interviews; archives of the tracks of activities of the apprentices in company stemming from notebooks of learning) an analysis of the educational organization seeking what could, within it, promote the linking of learning situations (apprenticeship) and the transfers of knowledge. The results of this analysis showed that the existing organization was not conductive to the transfers of knowledge taught in working situation as may be the case in many sandwich courses. Then, in close collaboration with the persons in charge of the training and the teachers knowing best the program and the missions of the apprentices in company, we developed, by basing ourselves on the concept of boundary-object, a new tool allowing to make links between types of tasks realized in company and types of knowledge taught at the IUT (UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY). This new tool was tested and experimented on several cases of students in apprenticeship in company during various periods. The aim was to vary the types of context and tutor profiles to test the ability of the tool to operate in different types of activity systems with different types of actors. On the basis of the studied cases, the tests and the experiments realized in real life situation revealed that our tool answered unmistakably a need and was warmly welcomed in particular by the apprenticeship masters, the apprentices and the academic tutors, the main beneficiaries of this boundary-object. In the cases studied, it allowed to enrich the entrusted mission, to further clarify the steps and resources needed for the apprentice’s work and to foster the exchange time on the knowledge and tools taught at UIT (UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY) that may be relevant to the achievement of the activities in a company.The experiment shows however, that its use is complex and based a lot on the ability of the academic tutors to clarify the functioning to the apprenticeship masters and to make use of the tool in situation. The last part of the thesis reports the work realized to integrate this support tool for the transfer into the educational organization of the training. Since September, 2012, it is officially part of the tools for monitoring and evaluation of the apprentices in working situation.

With the appearance of the Internet, the Teaching-Leaming Virtual Locations of (A VEA, in Portuguese) come as a resource that can make possible the fonnation processes, representing more opportunities for the education. These A VEA allow that it be accomplished a didactic-methodological work integrating several tools that can strengthen teachers and students' fonnation, through a dialogic and questioning practice. The main objective of the present research was to investigate the construction of the educational practice mediated by the technological communication resources which has the Theory of the Activity as a viable-possible psychological orientation to develop and to implement the study activities on A VEA. This work presents an ethnography accomplished in the attendance of trainings mediated by AMEM and e-ProInfo. The analysis elements for practices mediated by technologies used in that research were built taking into account: the ftee mediated communication, the orientation of the practices and the dialog applied to problem-searching in the study activities. Considering the formative need in mediated practices, we observed that the planning and implementation of study activities fortify and guide the practice mediated by technologies. Therefore, the didactic-methodological structure around situation-problem should be considered so that the telematic dialogue happens among all involved individuaIs in the teaching-Ieaming processo We indicated ftom this theoretical background the mediators ofthe leaming to be considered in the implementation of courses mediated by A VEA with the intention of developing the public and of quality education at the directing distance. Keywords: Theory of the Activity, Free Technological Mediation, Teaching-Leaming Virtual Location and Distance Education / Com o surgimento da Internet, os Ambientes Virtuais de EnsinoAprendizagem (AVEA) se apresentam como mediadores tecnológicos que podem viabilizar os processos escolares, representando mais oportunidades educacionais. Permitem que se realize um trabalho didáticometodológico integrando diversas ferramentas que podem potencializar a formação de professores e alunos, através de uma prática dialógica e problematizadora. O objetivo central dessa pesquisa foi investigar a prática escolar mediada pelos recursos tecnológicos livres, tendo a Teoria da Atividade como uma orientação psicológica viávelpossível e potencializadora para atividades de estudo nos AVEA. Etnografamos as capacitações realizadas pelos professores mediadas pelo AMEM e eProInfo. A análise dessas práticas mediadas por tecnologias foi construida levando em consideração: a mediação tecnológica livre, a orientação das práticas e o diálogoproblematizador nas atividades de estudo. Considerando a necessidade formativa em práticas mediadas, observamos que o planejamento e implementação de atividades de estudo potencializam e orientam a mesma. Assim como, a estrutura didáticometodológica em torno de situaçõesproblema podem ser consideradas para que aconteça o diálogo telemático entre todos os envolvidos no processo de ensinoaprendizagem. Indicamos a partir desse trabalho os mediadores da aprendizagem, a serem considerados nos cursos mediados por AVEA com o intuito de desenvolver a escolarização a distância pública e de qualidade.

Syftet med studien var att generera en förståelse för hur polisens NOS-projekt kan verka brottsförebyggande. Vi undersökte även hundägare som är delaktiga i projektet och deras inställning till att uppmärksamma och förebygga brott. Studien grundar sig i teorin om neighborhood watch, med delar av teorin om social kontroll samt rutinaktivtetsteorin. Utifrån sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med deltagare från Nospatrullen fick vi en förståelse för hur NOS-projektet fungerar brottspreventivt genom hundägares förmåga att uppmärksamma avvikande aktiviteter i sitt lokalområde. Resultatet visade att samtliga intervjupersoner hade en positiv inställning till NOS-projektet vilket vi anser kan ha bidragit till projektets möjlighet till att förebygga brott. / The aim of this study was to form a understanding for how a project by the police, the Nos-project, may work to prevent crime. We also examined dog owners that are involved in the NOS-project and their attitude towards crime prevention. The study is based on the theory of neighborhood watch and features the theory of social control and the theory of routine activity. Through six semi structured interviews we learned how the NOS-project may prevent crime through dog owners’ observations of unusual activity in their district. The results also show how all our participants had a positive attitude towards the NOSproject which we regard likely contributes to the projects ability to prevent crime.