Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência de tromboembolismo e as condições clínicolaboratoriais associadas em pacientes pediátricos internados em um hospital terciário. Pacientes e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo onde foram revisados os prontuários de todas as 6140 crianças de 0 à 13 anos que internaram entre fevereiro de 2007 à janeiro de 2009. Foram identificadas 31 crianças que tiveram 34 casos de tromboembolismo confirmado por diagnóstico de imagem, e estas foram incluídas no banco de dados para análise. Resultados: A incidência de tromboembolismo foi de 43,3 (intervalo de confiança de 95%: 30,0-60,4) para cada 10.000 internações. Vinte e seis (83,9%) crianças tinham condições clínicas associadas, sendo que 11 (35,4%) tinham apenas 1 condição associada, 5 (16,1%) tinham 2 condições associadas, 6 (19,3%) tinham 3 condições associadas, 4 (12,9%) tinham 4 condições associadas e 5 (16,1%) não tinham condições associadas. As frequências das principais condições clínico-laboratoriais foram: sepse, 41,9%; trombofilias, 35,5%; cardiopatia acianótica, 29,9%; e cateter central, 22,5%. Conclusão: O presente estudo evidenciou uma incidência de tromboembolismo muito mais alta do que a descrita na literatura, provavelmente devido ao estudo ter sido realizado em um hospital terciário, com maior complexidade e complicações associadas mostrando a importância de considerar este diagnóstico. Observamos também uma alta taxa de trombofilias nos pacientes que tiveram tromboembolismo, salientando que a associação de fatores de risco e predisposição genética ou fatores intrínsecos devem ser considerada no diagnostico e manejo destes pacientes. / Objective: To assess the incidence of thromboembolism and associated clinical conditions and laboratory abnormalities in a sample of pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary referral center. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review study. The medical records of all 6140 children between the ages of 0 and 13 years admitted to the study facility from February 2007 through January 2009 were reviewed. A total of 34 cases of imaging-confirmed thromboembolism were identified in 31 children and included for analysis. Results: The incidence of thromboembolism was 43.3 (95%CI, 30.0–60.4) per 10,000 admissions. Twenty-six children (83.9%) had associated clinical conditions: 11 (35.4%) had only 1 associated condition, 5 (16.1%) had 2 associated conditions, 6 (19.3%) had 3 associated conditions, 4 (12.9%) had 4 associated conditions, and 5 (16.1%) had no associated conditions. The main associated conditions were sepsis (41.9%), thrombophilia (35.5%), acyanotic heart disease (29.9%), and central venous catheterization (22.5%). Conclusion: In the sample studied herein, the incidence of thromboembolism was much higher than that reported in the literature, most likely due to the study setting (tertiary referral hospital) and its implications (greater case complexity and frequency of complications), stressing the importance of considering the diagnosis. Furthermore, among patients who developed thromboembolism, there was a high rate of thrombophilia, highlighting the importance of the association between risk factors and genetic predispositions or intrinsic factors in the diagnosis and management of these patients.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-13. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:33:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000854535.pdf: 1665498 bytes, checksum: 04bca8a1cf3926bc8ebfd1ddbbadac95 (MD5) / As profilaxias medicamentosa e mecânica do tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) já estão bem estabelecidas em consensos internacionais, baseadas em modelos específicos de estratificação de riscos. No entanto, em aproximadamente 50% dos casos admitidos em hospitais no Brasil e no resto do mundo, os pacientes não recebem profilaxia adequada. Objetivos - Os objetivos deste trabalho foram realizar uma revisão sistemática e metanálise de resultados comparativos do perfil de risco e inadequação da profilaxia de pacientes internados em hospitais no Brasil e no Mundo e de países com IDH acima e abaixo de 0,8. Métodos: Foram pesquisados artigos publicados em qualquer idioma entre 2000-2014 nas bases de dados eletrônicos: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PUBMED, SciELO, EMBASE e LILACS. As referências bibliográficas dos artigos também foram examinadas para estudos elegíveis.A estratégia de busca foi dirigida para Estudos Transversais sobre o perfil de risco dos pacientes e adequação das estratégias de profilaxia adotadas por diretrizes internacionais para o Tromboembolismo Venoso, de acordo com seguinte PICO: P - pacientes clínicos ou cirúrgicos internados em hospitais; I - Profilaxia; C - Comparação Brasil x Mundo e IDH<0,8 e IDH >0,8; O - Inadequação da profilaxia. A seleção dos artigos e extração de dados foi realizada por 2 autores independentes . A apresentação dos dados nos artigos, bem como tipos de pacientes, especialidades envolvidas, perfil do hospital, critérios de inclusão/exclusão, tamanho da amostra, proporção de homens e mulheres, escore de risco usado, declaração de conflito de interesses, foram variáveis e foram considerados como possíveis fontes de heterogeneidade e de vieses. Os dados individuais de inadequação de profilaxia de estudos do Brasil e do resto do mundo, bem como de países com os diferentes IDH foram inseridos separadamente em programa estatístico de metanálise de proporções... / Context: The pharmacological and mechanical prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are already well established in international consensus, based on specific models for risk stratification. However, in approximately 50% of cases admitted in hospitals in Brazil and the rest of the world, patients do not receive appropriate prophylaxis. Objectives: Present work conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative results of the risk profile and inadequate prophylaxis of patients admitted to hospitals in Brazil and in the world and countries with HDI above and below 0.8. Methods: We searched for articles published in any language between 2000-2014 in electronic databases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PUBMED, SciELO, EMBASE and LILACS. The reference lists of articles were also examined for eligible studies. The search strategy was directed to Cross-Sectional Studies about the risk profile of patients and adequacy of prophylaxis strategies adopted by international guidelines for Venous Thromboembolism, according to the following PICO: P - clinical or surgical patients in hospitals; I - Prevention; C - Brazil vs. World Comparison and HDI <0.8 and HDI> 0.8; O - Inadequacy of prophilaxis. The selection of the articles and data extraction were performed by two independent authors. The presentation of the data in the articles, as well as types of patients, medical specialties involved, hospital profile, inclusion / exclusion criteria, sample size, proportion of men and women, risk score used, conflict of declaration of interests were variable and were considered as possible sources of heterogeneity and biases. Individual data of inadequate prophylaxis studies in Brazil and the rest of the world, as well as countries with different HDI were inserted separately into a statistical program that did a proportional metaanalysis (StatsDirect) using the random effects model. Frequencies and confidence intervals were used in ...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-10-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000830279.pdf: 326839 bytes, checksum: 4e04cae007ca77e6e81e1cd802eea78f (MD5) / As neoplasias mamárias são consideradas os tumores mais frequentes em cadelas, podendo frequentemente predispor estes animais a complicações hemostáticas secundárias à neoplasia. Neste contexto, a trombose é uma das maiores alterações hemostáticas de pacientes com câncer, e muitas vezes é descoberta tardiamente. Testes hemostáticos vêm sendo utilizados na medicina humana para um diagnóstico mais precoce, permitindo um melhor prognóstico das condições neoplásicas. Entretanto, em cães com neoplasias raramente utilizam-se testes para diagnosticar estados de hipercoagulabilidade. Na medicina veterinária a correlação entre neoplasia e hipercoagulabilidade tem sido um achado constante em cães, porém na maioria das vezes sem alterações clínicas evidentes como ocorre na medicina. A necessidade da avaliação hemostática para se estabelecer um melhor protocolo terapêutico e prognóstico nos diferentes tipos de neoplasia fica evidente nestes pacientes. Com o objetivo de avaliar o perfil hemostático e os possíveis sinais de hipercoagulabilidade em cadelas com carcinoma mamário foram selecionadas 30 cadelas, sendo 15 fêmeas saudáveis (grupo controle) e 15 fêmeas com carcinoma mamário, confirmada por exame citológico e histopatológico. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos à avaliação hemostática por meio do teste da tromboelastrometria (intem, extem, fibtem), agregação plaquetária, TP e TTPa. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e, em seguida, foi realizada a comparação das médias dos grupos para as variáveis, pelo teste T, ao nível de significância de p<0,01 e p<0,05. Observou-se diferença significativa nos testes hemostáticos de rotina resultando em hiperagregabilidade plaquetária e aumento do TP. Na tromboelastometria houve diminuição significativa no CT (EXTEM, FIBTEM), CFT (INTEM, EXTEM), e ML (INTEM, EXTEM) e elevação no ângulo α (INTEM EXTEM) e MCF (INTEM, EXTEM). Após a ... / Mammary tumuor are considered the most common tumors in dogs and can often predispose these animals to hemostatic complications secondary to neoplasia. In this context, thrombosis is a major hemostatic abnormality in patients with cancer, that is often discovered late. Hemostatic tests have been used in human medicine for an earlier diagnosis, allowing a better prognosis of neoplastic conditions. However, in dogs with cancer tests to diagnose hypercoagulable states are rarely used. In veterinary medicine the correlation between cancer and hypercoagulability has been a constant finding in dogs, but most of the times, unlike human medicine, it is devoided of clear clinical signs. The need for hemostatic evaluation to establish a better treatment protocol and prognosis in different types of cancer is evident in these patients. Aiming to evaluate the hemostatic profile and the possible hypercoagulable states in dogs with mammary carcinoma, 30 female dogs were selected, 15 healthy female (control group) and 15 females dogs with breast carcinoma confirmed by cytology and histopathology. Both groups were submitted to underwent hemostatic evaluation by the tromboelastrometry (INTEM, EXTEM, FIBTEM), platelet aggregation, PT and aPTT. The results collected, were submitted to descriptive analysis, and then the means between groups was compared by the t test at the level p<0,01 and p<0,05. The results, showed significant differences in hemostatic routine tests resulting in increased platelet aggregability and TP. Thromboelastometry had demonstrated a significant reduction in CT (EXTEM, FIBTEM), CFT (INTEM, EXTEM), and ML (INTEM, EXTEM) and an elevation in α angle (INTEM, EXTEM) and MCF (INTEM, EXTEM). It is concluded that dogs with mammary carcinoma present a higher thrombotic state risk associated to a hipergoagulable state

Orientador: Regina Kiomi Takahira / Banca: Sheila Canevese Rahal / Banca: Andrigo Barbosa De Nardi / Resumo: As neoplasias mamárias são consideradas os tumores mais frequentes em cadelas, podendo frequentemente predispor estes animais a complicações hemostáticas secundárias à neoplasia. Neste contexto, a trombose é uma das maiores alterações hemostáticas de pacientes com câncer, e muitas vezes é descoberta tardiamente. Testes hemostáticos vêm sendo utilizados na medicina humana para um diagnóstico mais precoce, permitindo um melhor prognóstico das condições neoplásicas. Entretanto, em cães com neoplasias raramente utilizam-se testes para diagnosticar estados de hipercoagulabilidade. Na medicina veterinária a correlação entre neoplasia e hipercoagulabilidade tem sido um achado constante em cães, porém na maioria das vezes sem alterações clínicas evidentes como ocorre na medicina. A necessidade da avaliação hemostática para se estabelecer um melhor protocolo terapêutico e prognóstico nos diferentes tipos de neoplasia fica evidente nestes pacientes. Com o objetivo de avaliar o perfil hemostático e os possíveis sinais de hipercoagulabilidade em cadelas com carcinoma mamário foram selecionadas 30 cadelas, sendo 15 fêmeas saudáveis (grupo controle) e 15 fêmeas com carcinoma mamário, confirmada por exame citológico e histopatológico. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos à avaliação hemostática por meio do teste da tromboelastrometria (intem, extem, fibtem), agregação plaquetária, TP e TTPa. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e, em seguida, foi realizada a comparação das médias dos grupos para as variáveis, pelo teste T, ao nível de significância de p<0,01 e p<0,05. Observou-se diferença significativa nos testes hemostáticos de rotina resultando em hiperagregabilidade plaquetária e aumento do TP. Na tromboelastometria houve diminuição significativa no CT (EXTEM, FIBTEM), CFT (INTEM, EXTEM), e ML (INTEM, EXTEM) e elevação no ângulo α (INTEM EXTEM) e MCF (INTEM, EXTEM). Após a ... / Abstract: Mammary tumuor are considered the most common tumors in dogs and can often predispose these animals to hemostatic complications secondary to neoplasia. In this context, thrombosis is a major hemostatic abnormality in patients with cancer, that is often discovered late. Hemostatic tests have been used in human medicine for an earlier diagnosis, allowing a better prognosis of neoplastic conditions. However, in dogs with cancer tests to diagnose hypercoagulable states are rarely used. In veterinary medicine the correlation between cancer and hypercoagulability has been a constant finding in dogs, but most of the times, unlike human medicine, it is devoided of clear clinical signs. The need for hemostatic evaluation to establish a better treatment protocol and prognosis in different types of cancer is evident in these patients. Aiming to evaluate the hemostatic profile and the possible hypercoagulable states in dogs with mammary carcinoma, 30 female dogs were selected, 15 healthy female (control group) and 15 females dogs with breast carcinoma confirmed by cytology and histopathology. Both groups were submitted to underwent hemostatic evaluation by the tromboelastrometry (INTEM, EXTEM, FIBTEM), platelet aggregation, PT and aPTT. The results collected, were submitted to descriptive analysis, and then the means between groups was compared by the t test at the level p<0,01 and p<0,05. The results, showed significant differences in hemostatic routine tests resulting in increased platelet aggregability and TP. Thromboelastometry had demonstrated a significant reduction in CT (EXTEM, FIBTEM), CFT (INTEM, EXTEM), and ML (INTEM, EXTEM) and an elevation in α angle (INTEM, EXTEM) and MCF (INTEM, EXTEM). It is concluded that dogs with mammary carcinoma present a higher thrombotic state risk associated to a hipergoagulable state / Mestre

Orientador: Winston Bonetti Yoshida / Coorientador: Regina El Dib / Banca: Marcone Lima Sobreira / Banca: Ana Terezinha Guillaumon / Resumo: As profilaxias medicamentosa e mecânica do tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) já estão bem estabelecidas em consensos internacionais, baseadas em modelos específicos de estratificação de riscos. No entanto, em aproximadamente 50% dos casos admitidos em hospitais no Brasil e no resto do mundo, os pacientes não recebem profilaxia adequada. Objetivos - Os objetivos deste trabalho foram realizar uma revisão sistemática e metanálise de resultados comparativos do perfil de risco e inadequação da profilaxia de pacientes internados em hospitais no Brasil e no Mundo e de países com IDH acima e abaixo de 0,8. Métodos: Foram pesquisados artigos publicados em qualquer idioma entre 2000-2014 nas bases de dados eletrônicos: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PUBMED, SciELO, EMBASE e LILACS. As referências bibliográficas dos artigos também foram examinadas para estudos elegíveis.A estratégia de busca foi dirigida para Estudos Transversais sobre o perfil de risco dos pacientes e adequação das estratégias de profilaxia adotadas por diretrizes internacionais para o Tromboembolismo Venoso, de acordo com seguinte PICO: P - pacientes clínicos ou cirúrgicos internados em hospitais; I - Profilaxia; C - Comparação Brasil x Mundo e IDH<0,8 e IDH >0,8; O - Inadequação da profilaxia. A seleção dos artigos e extração de dados foi realizada por 2 autores independentes . A apresentação dos dados nos artigos, bem como tipos de pacientes, especialidades envolvidas, perfil do hospital, critérios de inclusão/exclusão, tamanho da amostra, proporção de homens e mulheres, escore de risco usado, declaração de conflito de interesses, foram variáveis e foram considerados como possíveis fontes de heterogeneidade e de vieses. Os dados individuais de inadequação de profilaxia de estudos do Brasil e do resto do mundo, bem como de países com os diferentes IDH foram inseridos separadamente em programa estatístico de metanálise de proporções... / Abstract: Context: The pharmacological and mechanical prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are already well established in international consensus, based on specific models for risk stratification. However, in approximately 50% of cases admitted in hospitals in Brazil and the rest of the world, patients do not receive appropriate prophylaxis. Objectives: Present work conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative results of the risk profile and inadequate prophylaxis of patients admitted to hospitals in Brazil and in the world and countries with HDI above and below 0.8. Methods: We searched for articles published in any language between 2000-2014 in electronic databases: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PUBMED, SciELO, EMBASE and LILACS. The reference lists of articles were also examined for eligible studies. The search strategy was directed to Cross-Sectional Studies about the risk profile of patients and adequacy of prophylaxis strategies adopted by international guidelines for Venous Thromboembolism, according to the following PICO: P - clinical or surgical patients in hospitals; I - Prevention; C - Brazil vs. World Comparison and HDI <0.8 and HDI> 0.8; O - Inadequacy of prophilaxis. The selection of the articles and data extraction were performed by two independent authors. The presentation of the data in the articles, as well as types of patients, medical specialties involved, hospital profile, inclusion / exclusion criteria, sample size, proportion of men and women, risk score used, conflict of declaration of interests were variable and were considered as possible sources of heterogeneity and biases. Individual data of inadequate prophylaxis studies in Brazil and the rest of the world, as well as countries with different HDI were inserted separately into a statistical program that did a proportional metaanalysis (StatsDirect) using the "random effects model". Frequencies and confidence intervals were used in ... / Mestre

Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência de tromboembolismo e as condições clínicolaboratoriais associadas em pacientes pediátricos internados em um hospital terciário. Pacientes e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo onde foram revisados os prontuários de todas as 6140 crianças de 0 à 13 anos que internaram entre fevereiro de 2007 à janeiro de 2009. Foram identificadas 31 crianças que tiveram 34 casos de tromboembolismo confirmado por diagnóstico de imagem, e estas foram incluídas no banco de dados para análise. Resultados: A incidência de tromboembolismo foi de 43,3 (intervalo de confiança de 95%: 30,0-60,4) para cada 10.000 internações. Vinte e seis (83,9%) crianças tinham condições clínicas associadas, sendo que 11 (35,4%) tinham apenas 1 condição associada, 5 (16,1%) tinham 2 condições associadas, 6 (19,3%) tinham 3 condições associadas, 4 (12,9%) tinham 4 condições associadas e 5 (16,1%) não tinham condições associadas. As frequências das principais condições clínico-laboratoriais foram: sepse, 41,9%; trombofilias, 35,5%; cardiopatia acianótica, 29,9%; e cateter central, 22,5%. Conclusão: O presente estudo evidenciou uma incidência de tromboembolismo muito mais alta do que a descrita na literatura, provavelmente devido ao estudo ter sido realizado em um hospital terciário, com maior complexidade e complicações associadas mostrando a importância de considerar este diagnóstico. Observamos também uma alta taxa de trombofilias nos pacientes que tiveram tromboembolismo, salientando que a associação de fatores de risco e predisposição genética ou fatores intrínsecos devem ser considerada no diagnostico e manejo destes pacientes. / Objective: To assess the incidence of thromboembolism and associated clinical conditions and laboratory abnormalities in a sample of pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary referral center. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review study. The medical records of all 6140 children between the ages of 0 and 13 years admitted to the study facility from February 2007 through January 2009 were reviewed. A total of 34 cases of imaging-confirmed thromboembolism were identified in 31 children and included for analysis. Results: The incidence of thromboembolism was 43.3 (95%CI, 30.0–60.4) per 10,000 admissions. Twenty-six children (83.9%) had associated clinical conditions: 11 (35.4%) had only 1 associated condition, 5 (16.1%) had 2 associated conditions, 6 (19.3%) had 3 associated conditions, 4 (12.9%) had 4 associated conditions, and 5 (16.1%) had no associated conditions. The main associated conditions were sepsis (41.9%), thrombophilia (35.5%), acyanotic heart disease (29.9%), and central venous catheterization (22.5%). Conclusion: In the sample studied herein, the incidence of thromboembolism was much higher than that reported in the literature, most likely due to the study setting (tertiary referral hospital) and its implications (greater case complexity and frequency of complications), stressing the importance of considering the diagnosis. Furthermore, among patients who developed thromboembolism, there was a high rate of thrombophilia, highlighting the importance of the association between risk factors and genetic predispositions or intrinsic factors in the diagnosis and management of these patients.

Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various post-operative prophylaxis methods in lung transplant patients by comparing the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) before and after the implementation of a standardized hospital order set at the University of Arizona Medical Center (UAMC) in April 2007. Methods: Paper and electronic medical charts were retrospectively reviewed if patients had a lung transplant date between October 31, 2003 – October 31, 2010. A computerized database was used to collect demographic data, length of stay (LOS), comorbid conditions, prophylaxis type (including dose/frequency), and date/type of thromboembolic events in the post-operative period prior to discharge and up to 1-year post-discharge. Main Results: Ninety-two patient charts were included in the study with 35 charts in the pre-order set (“Before”) group and 57 charts in the post-order set (“After”) group. All baseline characteristics were similar between groups except age (mean age difference 8.1 yrs, p=0.003), use of mycophenolate (Before n=24, After n=54; p=0.002), and use of medications that increase risk of VTE (Before n=6, After n=2; p=0.05). The April 2007 protocol significantly increased the number of patients receiving any method of prophylaxis (p<0.0001). However, receiving prophlyaxis did not significantly reduce event rates or readmissions due to VTE. Conclusions: Although implementation of the April 2007 protocol did not significantly reduce VTE event rates and readmissions, VTE prophylaxis should continue to remain a priority. Adherence to the implemented protocol may reduce the number of patients left without effective methods of prophylaxis.

Allogenic blood transfusions, although potentially life-saving, are associated with increased risk of infection, fluid overload, thrombosis, and death. Minimizing exposure to blood products is important for patients and the healthcare system. Antifibrinolytic lysine analogues are effective antihaemorrhagic agents used for the reduction of blood loss and subsequent need for transfusion. However, the pharmacologic mechanism of decreased clot breakdown would suggest the medications should increase the risk of venous thromboembolic adverse events. Trials of lysine analogue administration are often underpowered to detect the effect of these medications on thrombotic events. As lysine analogue use increases for blood loss reduction, there is an important need for research dedicated to the safety of lysine analogues, especially in patients who are at highest risk of venous thromboembolism. Through systematic review and meta-analyses, we investigated the use of lysine analogues in cancer patients, where VTE is particularly prevalent. We identified that only a small number of trials have been performed in cancer patients. Among available data, similar reduction of transfusion was observed in cancer patients treated with lysine analogues compared to non-cancer patients. However, we also found that existing data was grossly underpowered to determine the effect of lysine analogues on risk of VTE (Peto odds ratio (OR) 0.60; 95% CI 0.28-1.30). By administering lysine analogues topically, as opposed to intravenously, systemic absorption of the drug may be limited, and the occurrence of unwanted side-effects may be minimized. We also reviewed the published literature to determine if there was sufficient evidence to support topical application of tranexamic acid. Topically applied tranexamic acid effectively reduces both transfusion risk and blood loss and no increased risk of VTE events was observed (pooled OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.29). However, none of these studies included cancer patients and the vast majority of the trials were in orthopedic surgery. Lastly, we sought to determine the extent to which lysine analogues are currently used at a large tertiary care academic institution. In addition, we explored which factors influenced lysine analogue use, and areas of informational or study need. Surgeons reported low lysine analogue use, and the timing of administration varied considerably. Many surgeons (66%) believed a clinical trial was needed to demonstrate the efficacy of lysine analogues in their respective surgical field, and 59% felt a trial was needed to demonstrate that the medication was safe in their patient population. We confirmed that there are only a few studies evaluating the effect of lysine analogues in cancer patients and that many surgeons are concerned about the safety profile of these medications. Surgeons may feel more comfortable administering these agents topically as opposed to intravenously, and while this may be a safer option, there has been limited evaluation of this approach outside of orthopedic procedures.

Background - Current guidelines suggest that all cancer patients with venous thrombosis be treated with long-term low molecular weight heparin. Whether treatment strategies should vary according to clinical characteristics remains unknown. // Systematic review - A systematic review was performed to determine current understanding of the association between malignancy characteristics in patients with cancer-associated VTE and the risk of VTE recurrence. Four retrospective and 6 prospective studies were included. They suggest that lung cancer, metastases, and adenocarcinomas confer an increased the risk of recurrence and breast cancer a low risk. // Survey - I performed survey to evaluate thrombosis experts’ opinion about the low risk of VTE recurrence they would consider acceptable for patients with cancer- associated thrombosis 103 specialists participated. 80% of respondents agreed that a risk of recurrent VTE during anticoagulation below 7% is low enough. 92% agreed that a CPR that categorizes risk of recurrence is relevant. // Retrospective Study - I performed a single retrospective cohort study to assess the feasibility of derivation of a CPR that stratifies VTE recurrence risk in patients with cancer–associated thrombosis. The study included 543 patients. A multivariate analysis selected female, lung cancer and prior history of VTE as high risk predictors and breast cancer and stage I disease as low risk. // Conclusion - Patients with cancer-associated thrombosis do have varying risks of recurrent VTE depending on clinical characteristics.

A blood transfusion may have important immunomodulatory effects and may carry certain risks which could be detrimental to the kidney transplant patient. The aim of this project is to examine the potential risks associated with post-transplant blood transfusions in kidney transplant recipients. We carried out a retrospective cohort study of all adult kidney transplant recipients at The Ottawa Hospital from 2002 to 2018 inclusive. We examined the risks for kidney transplant rejection, graft loss, death, infections and venous thromboembolic events (VTE) associated with the receipt of red blood cell transfusions (RBCTs) administered after kidney transplant. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) using Cox proportional hazards model with RBCT as a cumulative, time-varying exposure. Out of a total study population of 1,258 kidney transplants recipients, 37% received at least one RBCT. The receipt of a RBCT was not significantly associated with the risk for rejection, however it was associated with an increased risk for graft loss, death, infection and VTE. Important biases such as reverse causation and unmeasured confounding may account for some of these findings. That being said, our findings suggest clinicians should be judicious in their use of RBCT in kidney transplant patients.