Author: Bc. Denisa Hrdinová Title: The motion pattern of abduction in the shoulder joint in overhead throwing of softball Extraliga players Objectives:The aim of the thesis was to monitor and evaluate the difference in the sequence of tenses of muscle recruitment during the abduction in the shoulder joint between softball players and the general population, using surface electromyography (SEMG). A partial aim was to identify shortened muscle groups of the shoulder girdle and their influence on the timing of the abductors. Another partial aim was to evaluate the effect of shortened muscle groups on possible deficits in scapulohumeral rhythm of softball players. Methods: The experimental group (n=10) and the control group (n=10) with a total average age of 21.8 ± 1.81 (SD) participated in the kinesiological analysis with targeted examination of the shortened muscle groups and scapulohumeral rhythm. Followed by SEMG examination of muscle timing during abduction in the shoulder joint. Five muscles were monitored during 15 repetitions of motion at 70 bpm. The SEMG signal analysis was processed by rectification and smoothing in MyoResearch software by Noraxon v3.80 and statistical analysis performed in program Statistica 13.4. Results: 1. The difference in timing between the experimental and control...

Title: The evaluation of overarm throw in elementary school children using two selected methodologies Work objectives: The diploma thesis aim is to determine and assess the level of overarm throw technique in 1st and 2nd grade of elementary school using two different evaluation methods meda by Haywood and Getchell (2014) and Haibach, Reid and Collier (2011). The results of the evaluation of overarm throw by the methodology of Haywood and Getchell (2014) will then be compared with the results of the evaluation of the diploma theses created by Maryšková (2007) and Králová (2014). The sub-objective is to create an overview of the evaluation of product and process of overarm throw and to determine whether the methodology of evaluating the overarm throw according to Haibachová, Reid and Collier (2011) can be applied to children of elementary school in Czech conditions. Methodology: The study involved 70 probands, of which 35 boys and 35 girls, attending 1st and 2nd grade of elementary school. Monitoring the movement level of the overarm throw was realized by the method of participatory observation. Probands conducted three attempts in the defined area. Two digital video cameras were used for recording for more detailed analysis of motion using selected methodologies. The camera was statically placed to...

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There has been an increased interest among the tobacco industry in the production of tip leaves in flue-cured tobacco. Different harvest treatments of flue-cured tobacco were compared across six cultivars and two topping heights with the objective of identifying tip grade tobacco. Agronomic and cured leaf chemistry data were collected. Cultivar had significant influences on yield, average price, grade index, and value in three growing seasons. NC 71 and RG H51 were the highest yielding cultivars, with grade indices among the highest as well. Increasing topping height increased tobacco yield in two of three years. As topping height increased there was a significant increase in the percentage of tobacco receiving a tip grade. The four harvest treatments focused on the ten uppermost leaves of the plant. Harvest treatments that allowed proper separation of stalk positions (5&5L and 7&3L treatments) resulted in increased yields and tip grades. Harvest treatments that separate upper stalk position tobacco resulted in a higher percentage of tip grades from a tobacco company grader. Chemical analysis identified differences between stalk positions at the top of the plant. In order for cigarette manufacturers to properly blend the tobacco used to make American blend cigarettes, this separation of stalk positions is important. Harvest treatments that combined stalk positions resulted in the loss of these chemical differences. By topping flue-cured tobacco four to five leaves higher than current extension recommendations and separating stalk positions correctly, tobacco growers can meet the crop throw requirements of tobacco marketing contracts. / Master of Science

RF switches are an essential building block in numerous applications, including tactical radar systems, satellite communications, global positioning systems (GPS), automotive radars, wireless communications, radio astronomy, radar transceivers, and various instrumentation systems. For many of these applications the circuits have to operate reliably under extreme operating conditions, including conditions outside the domain of commercial military specifications. The objective of this thesis is to present the design procedure, simulation, and measurement results for Radio Frequency (RF) switches in 130 nm Silicon Germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS process technology. The novelty of this work lies in the proposed new topology of an ultrahigh-isolation single-pole, single-throw (SPST) and a single pole, four-throw (SP4T) nMOS based switch for multiband microwave radar systems. The analysis of cryogenic temperature effects on these circuits and devices are discussed in this work. The results shows that several key-figures-of-merits of a switch, like insertion loss, isolation, and power handling capability (P1dB) improve at cryogenic temperatures. These results are important for several applications, including space-based extreme environment application where FET based circuits would need to operate reliably across a wide-range of temperature.

Title: Sports career biography of Imrich Bugár Objectives: The main aim of this paper is to evaluate and present a twenty-year long sports career of discus-thrower Imrich Bugár by the means of content analysis of newspaper articles published in the journal Czechoslovakian sport. Methods: Biographic research was used as one kind of a case study. The paper is divided into three main parts. The first part is concerned with the summary of all newspaper articles written during Bugár's sports career. I have statistically categorized the articles according to the criteria stated by Jan Volf in his diploma paper of 2007. The second part of the paper is concerned with information gained from Imrich Bugár personally, during a conducted interview. The third part shows a summary of Bugár's best achievements. Results: Based on the accessible materials, I have described and evaluated the sports career of Imrich Bugár. In total, I have evaluated n = 348 articles concerned with his sports career. The next part presents a commented evaluation of the conducted interview with Imrich Bugár. When categorization of the articles is taken into account, most articles about the course of Bugár's career are of an informative character and describe his participation in competitions. Imrich Bugár participated in n = 433...

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia do Ambiente. Gestão. Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Engenharia. 2010

This thesis presents realization of two shunt, capacitive contact RF MEMS switches and two RF MEMS SPDT switches for microwave and millimeter-wave applications, two zero-level package structures for RF MEMS switches and development trials of a BCB based zero level packaging process cycle. Two shunt, capacitive contact RF MEMS switches for 26 GHz and 12 GHz operating frequencies are designed, fabricated and consistencies between fabricated devices and designs are shown through RF measurements. For the switch design at 26 GHz and at the operating frequency, return loss in the upstate is measured to be 27.61 dB, insertion loss and isolation in the downstate is measured to be 0.21 dB and 27.16 dB, respectively. For the switch design at 12 GHz and at the operating frequency, return loss in the upstate is measured to be 38.69 dB, insertion loss and isolation in the downstate is measured to be 0.05 dB and 25.84 dB, respectively. Quite accurate circuit models have been obtained for both of the RF MEMS switches. Two RF MEMS SPDT switches, which utilize the shunt, capacitive contact switches as building blocks are designed through circuit simulations. These two designs are fabricated and their RF measurements have been completed. It is shown from circuit model simulations that, the performances of the fabricated devices and desired responses corresponded to each other. For the SPDT switch design at 26 GHz, return loss at the input port is measured to be 12 dB and insertion loss is measured to be 1.24 dB. For the SPDT switch design at 12 GHz, return loss at the input port is measured to be 5.6 dB and insertion loss is measured to be 0.49 dB. The reason behind the unexpectedly bad performances has been investigated and discovered. The bad performances were due to a common mistake in the layouts of both SPDT switches. These mistakes are corrected in the circuit models and expected performances are obtained. Two different zero-level package structures which use high-resistive Si wafers have been suggested and required design changes have been made on the RF MEMS shunt, capacitive contact switches and SPDT switches in order to minimize the package effects. For this purpose polygonal CPW transitions have been designed and integrated into the designs, followed by the necessary tunings in the switch structures for which EM and circuit simulations are utilized. For the suggested package structures to be produced, two possible process cycles have been studied. One of the process flows was based on KOH anisotropic Si etching and the other one was based on DRIE (Deep Reactive Ion Etching). Great progress has been achieved in the latter process cycle, however this process cycle still needs some more study and it could not be completed in the time required for this thesis study.

In this thesis, the circuits which comprise the front-end of a millimeter-wave transmit-receive module are investigated using a state-of-the-art 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS process for use in radar remote sensing applications. In Chapter I, the motivation for a millimeter-wave radar in the context of space-based remote sensing is discussed. In addition, an overview of Silicon-germanium technology is presented, and the chapter concludes with a discussion of design challenges at millimeter-wave frequencies. In Chapter II, a brief history of radar technology is presented - the motivations leading to the development of the transmit-receive module for active electronically scanned arrays are discussed, and the critical components which reside in nearly every high-frequency transmit-receive module are introduced. In Chapter III, the design and results of a W-band single-pole, double-throw switch using SiGe p-i-n diodes are discussed. In particular, the design topology and methods used to achieve low-loss and high power handling over a wide matching bandwidth without sacrificing isolation are described. In Chapter IV, the design and results of a W-band low-noise amplifier using SiGe HBT's are discussed. The design methodologies used to achieve high gain and exceptional noise performance over a wide matching bandwidth are described. Concluding remarks and a discussion of future work are in Chapter V.

The basis of mixing ventilation is the airflow supply to the room by means of jets initiatedfrom the ventilation diffusers. To avoid the draught problem, the design of mixing ventilationmakes uses the throw term, which is defined as the distance to the supply air terminal inwhich the jet centreline mean velocity is decreased to a given value. Traditionally, the throw ismeasured by the supply air device manufacturer. The throw is applied by designers to estimatethe velocity levels in the occupied zone. A standard for determining the throw is the CENstandard CEN/TC156/WG4 N86 "Draft Standard. Air terminal Devices. AerodynamicsTesting And Rating For Mixed Flow Application".The measurement of the throw is very time consuming even with the free jets and theinfluence of the room (the effect of confinement) is not considered. The objective of thepresent study is to give a basis for modifying the existing design and testing method used topredict the velocities in the occupied zone during the design process. A new method whichmay probably be more easier than the existing methods and at the same time give a betterprecision by including the confinement effect.In this thesis two methodological systems of experiment and numerical simulations have beenused. The numerical predictions are used in comparison with the measurements. Thereasonable agreement of the above mentioned methods is implemented to numerical study ofthe other room configurations which are not experimentally studied. This examining methodallows the possibility of studying a lot of configurations and in this manner generalising of theresults. Although the experimental part was made for both model-scale and full-scale testrooms, a large amount of data was obtained for a new test room whose dimension aresystematically varied. All of studies have been made for the isothermal case and themeasurements of velocities and pressures conducted along the room perimeters. The effect ofshort and deep rooms on the properties of the jet ( velocities, pressure, integral scale, jetmomentum, the rate of spreading of jet and turbulence intensities) have been carried out.Some old and recent investigations have been examined. Specially the concept of correlationsfrom open to closed rooms is criticised. It is also shown that the flow field in a confined roomis affected by many other factors than the Reynolds number. The surface pressure on theperimeters was used to calculate the reaction forces at the corners which causes recirculatingbubbles at corners. A study of the turbulent axisymmetric jet which is the basic element inturbulent shear flows and some restrictions of the traditional measurement techniques at theregion of interest in ventilation applications are discussed. The jet momentum is measured byweighing on a balance. Also a study of jets which collide with a wall , that is impinging jet,the effect of walls and confinement on the jet momentum have experimentally andnumerically been carried out. A new momentum balance model was developed for both thefree jet and confined one. An empirical relation has been found for estimation of the room’srotation centre which is used for validation of CFD results.Finally, it is found that the jets in a ventilated room which are a combination of free jet, walljet and impinging jet differ from the traditional wall jets. The rate of spreading of the jet andthe maximum velocity decay in a ventilated room are also different depending on the roomsize and its confinement.