Although proprietary and free web map applications have become an important part of daily life, individual map styling has been neglected for a fairly long time. With the latest possibilities of custom adjustment provided by many services and some interesting artistic experiments, this is about to change. In the context of artistic cartography and custom map styling, this work explores the possibilities of employing an automated process for the generation of WMTS compatible map tiles with an artistic styling. Web mapping standards and techniques of non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) are considered as well as traditional cartographic representations. Furthermore, existing vector- and raster-based processes are analyzed including an interactive workflow with the open-source image editing software GIMP, which is examined with respect to its drawing capabilities. Based on this, a concept for an automated rendering process is developed and influencing factors along with input parameters are discussed. An experimental automated processing is implemented using GIMP and its Python scripting interface to create single maps and seamless map tiles for the use in a WMTS application. Different drawing techniques of GIMP, such as brushes, dynamics and masks are applied during the rendering process. Geodata is taken from the freely available OpenStreetMap project and it is stored in a geodatabase. Furthermore, the GIS capabilities of the database are used to implement custom query procedures for the creation of seamless tiles, feature simplification and generalization that makes a preprocessing of the data unnecessary. Additionally randomization methods for the estrangement and abstraction of the SVG vector graphics geometry to emulate a hand-drawn appearance are created based on non-photorealistic rendering techniques. As a result, various rendering and abstraction processes are evaluated and discussed regarding their contribution to an artistic appearance. Map tiles are created using these stylings which are WMTS compatible and can be presented in a web mapping application.

I dagens samhälle så används internet mer och mer för att få fram information, så är även fallet förkartor. I denna uppsats, som gjorts på uppdrag av Tieto Sweden Healthcare & Welfare för att kunnaanvändas i systemet Laps Care, kommer det tas upp lösningar för att hämta geografisk data viakarttjänster med hjälp av Web Map Service (WMS) tjänster i en .NET applikation.Detta examensarbete kommer att ta upp, på en grundläggande nivå, hur WMS-standarden kananvändas av en klient för att visa digitala kartor från en WMS-tjänst samt lite kort om andraalternativ till WMS så som Web Map Service Tile Cache (WMS-C) och Tile Map Service (TMS)tjänster. Det ges olika förslag på open source komponenter som kan användas för att hantera sådanatjänster med fokus på SharpMap som valdes att användas i prototypen som gjordes för att visa huren sådan klient kan se ut.Uppsatsen kommer också behandla kartografi där det kortfattat förklaras om vilka riktlinjer somborde tas för en karta.I andra stycket tas kortfattat upp hur webbtjänster fungerar och även vad det finns för för- ochnackdelar att använda sig av sådana tjänster.Det kommer också förklaras vad Geografiska informationssystem (GIS) är och hur det användsidag.Sammanfattningsvis så utvecklades en fungerande prototyp med hjälp av open source komponentenSharpMap som kan visa kartor från WMS, WMS-C och TMS tjänster och om en ERSI Shapefilmed vägdata finns tillgänglig så går det att söka efter gator.

Although proprietary and free web map applications have become an important part of daily life, individual map styling has been neglected for a fairly long time. With the latest possibilities of custom adjustment provided by many services and some interesting artistic experiments, this is about to change. In the context of artistic cartography and custom map styling, this work explores the possibilities of employing an automated process for the generation of WMTS compatible map tiles with an artistic styling. Web mapping standards and techniques of non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) are considered as well as traditional cartographic representations. Furthermore, existing vector- and raster-based processes are analyzed including an interactive workflow with the open-source image editing software GIMP, which is examined with respect to its drawing capabilities. Based on this, a concept for an automated rendering process is developed and influencing factors along with input parameters are discussed. An experimental automated processing is implemented using GIMP and its Python scripting interface to create single maps and seamless map tiles for the use in a WMTS application. Different drawing techniques of GIMP, such as brushes, dynamics and masks are applied during the rendering process. Geodata is taken from the freely available OpenStreetMap project and it is stored in a geodatabase. Furthermore, the GIS capabilities of the database are used to implement custom query procedures for the creation of seamless tiles, feature simplification and generalization that makes a preprocessing of the data unnecessary. Additionally randomization methods for the estrangement and abstraction of the SVG vector graphics geometry to emulate a hand-drawn appearance are created based on non-photorealistic rendering techniques. As a result, various rendering and abstraction processes are evaluated and discussed regarding their contribution to an artistic appearance. Map tiles are created using these stylings which are WMTS compatible and can be presented in a web mapping application.:Contents Task Description III Abstract V Declaration of authorship VII Acknowledgements IX Table of Contents XIII List of Figures XVI List of Tables XVIII Glossary XX 1 Introduction1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Objectives 1 1.3 Structure of the work 2 2 Cartographic context and NPR 5 2.1 Definitions 5 2.2 Non-photorealistic rendering 7 2.2.1 NPR in computer graphics 7 2.2.2 Hand-drawn rendering 10 2.3 Cartographic communication and visualization 12 2.4 Cartography and art 14 2.5 Web Mapping 17 3 Image editing and web map rendering 19 3.1 Image editing software 19 3.2 Raster image editing with GIMP 20 3.2.1 Interactive editing 20 3.2.2 Plug-ins and scripting 28 3.3 Map rendering 31 3.3.1 Web map rendering techniques 31 3.3.2 Comparison of vector and raster based approaches 33 3.3.3 An interactive workflow with GIMP 36 4 A concept for automated processing 39 4.1 Comparison of influencing factors of a vector and raster based approach 39 4.2 Requirements and goals of automation 41 4.3 Definition of input parameters 43 4.4 Concept for an automated process with GIMP 43 4.5 Technical components 45 4.5.1 JSON 45 4.5.2 OpenStreetMap 46 4.5.3 Database environment 47 4.5.4 SVG as exchange format 47 4.5.5 Web map tile service 49 5 Implementation of an automated process with GIMP 53 5.1 Geodata setup 53 5.1.1 Data acquisition 53 5.1.2 Data import and update 54 5.2 Sketch rendering 56 5.2.1 Displacement and randomization 57 5.2.2 Hand-drawn emulation 60 5.2.3 Hatching 64 5.3 Automated processing 65 5.3.1 Configuration files 66 5.3.2 Script structure 70 5.3.3 Feature Processing 74 5.3.4 Image rendering 78 5.3.5 Output and WMTS 80 6 Processing results and evaluation 83 6.1 Results 83 6.2 Limitations and potential 87 7 Conclusion 93 7.1 Summary 93 7.2 Outlook 94

Detta arbete utvärderar huruvida Netbeans RCP är en lämplig plattform att bygga en kampanjredigerare för en spelmotor på. Arbetet är en del av ett större projekt där en spelmotor för Androidtelefoner skapas. Kampanjredigeraren ska kunna skapa och redigera filer i XML-format som spelmotorn använder. Den ska även kunna skapa nytt material till spelmotorn utifrån bilder. Allt detta ska fungera på flera operativsystem. Valet att använda en plattform istället för att implementera allt manuellt skedde för att påskynda utvecklingen och höja kvaliteten på programmet. Utöver Netbeans RCP gjordes en översiktsgranskning av andra plattformar och program för att se om dessa också hade kunnat vara lämpliga. Netbeans RCP visade sig vara lämpligt för att skapa kampanjredigeraren på då den tillhandahöll funktioner relevanta för kampanjredigeraren som gick att använda på flera operativsystem och programmets implementerade funktionalitet fungerade på alla testade operativsystem. / This paper examines if Netbeans RCP is a suitable platform for creating a campaign editor for a game engine on. The work is part of a larger project where a game engine for Android phones is being developed. The campaign editor must be able to modify and create files in an XML-format that the engine will then use. It must also be able to create new material for the engine from images. All of this functionality must be usable on multiple operating systems. The decision to use a platform rather than implement everything manually was made to speed up the development and increase the quality of the campaign editor. Other platforms and programs were also briefly examined to see if these could have been suitable as well. Netbeans RCP was determined to be a suitable platform for creating a campaign editor because it provides functions relevant to the campaign editor that are usable on multiple operating systems, and the functionality implemented in the program was usable on every tested operating system.

In agriculture-dominated areas, water pollution resulting from nutrients migrating from farms to water bodies is a major concern. The migration is further exacerbated by traditional tile drain known as Uncontrolled Tile Drainage (UCTD), which removes excess water from areas to keep the water table low enough for crops to grow. UCTD, commonly used in Ontario, Canada, is believed to contribute to water quality issues, whereas Controlled Tile Drainage (CTD) is an alternative technique in which a structure controls the outlets of the drains so that water only leaves a field when the water table level exceeds a desired threshold. Considered as a Best Management Practice (BMP), CTD has been documented as an efficient practice preventing nutrients from migrating out of agricultural fields. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of the environmental benefits of replacing UCTD with CTD. Three significant contributions were achieved. The first contribution of the thesis is the improvements of the algorithm for calculating nitrates in tile flows in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Researchers have simulated CTD by dynamically changing tile depth to mimic the operation of outlet structure gates, but it has been demonstrated that doing so results in inaccuracies, and so the algorithm in the model has been improved subsequently. The current author proposed and tested a new algorithm for calculating nitrates in tile flows that better represents the dynamics of water and nutrients in soil layers for the SWAT model. A model for the South Nation watershed, located in Ontario, Canada, was then developed and successfully calibrated using the improved SWAT model. The second contribution was the extension of the SWAT model to simulate riverine hydraulic and water quality processes by coupling it with the QUAL2Kw model. In this thesis, a procedure is developed to couple the SWAT model and the QUAL2Kw model to enable continuous simulations of 13 water quality parameters in the South Nation River system. The coupled model was calibrated and verified at various observed locations along the river during the five seasons of growth from 2006 to 2010. The simulation results suggested that CTD also improved the water quality of the river by lowering biologically available N levels of NO2--N, and NO3--N, thereby impeding phytoplankton growth in the river. The third contribution is the verification of the benefits of replacing UCTD with CTD in the future climates. The confirmation was done using the SWAT model alone, and then the coupled SWAT/QUAL2K models, using a matrix of climate change experiments performed with several Global Climate Models and Regional Climate Models. The results suggest that nutrient loading from the watershed will increase in the 2021–2050 period compared to the 1985–2006 period. Thus, pollution from agricultural fields will worsen with the current UCTD approach, while the results also show that CTD would perform effectively and stably in future climate scenarios and could counterbalance the effects of climate change on water quality. To the author’s knowledge, this study is the first attempt to date to assess the environmental effects of CTD on a watershed and river by coupling the SWAT and QUAL2Kw models. The findings expand the current scope of knowledge on the environmental effects of CTD on watersheds and rivers under current and future climate change regimes. Long periods of continuous simulation and a matrix of climate change scenarios also make this study stand out from other studies. It laid a foundation for future investigations.

No description available.

Quantifying effectiveness of soil management practices on surface and subsurface water quality at the field scale is becoming increasingly important in the Lake Champlain Basin and other agricultural watersheds. During 2012 and 2013, field plots (22.9 x 45.7 m) were established at the Lake Alice Wildlife Area in Chazy, NY to begin a long-term water quality monitoring study. Plots were established in a cool season grass field (1 ha) leased and managed by the William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute in Chazy, NY. The soil type transitions from an excessively drained outwash soil on the upslope to a very poorly drained silty clay series at the toeslope. Tile drainage lines were installed in each plot and drained to concrete manholes at the corner of each plot where water was sampled and measured. Plots were randomly assigned to a tile-drained (TD) or naturally-drained treatment (UD). Tile outlets were plugged in the UD treatment to enable natural drainage conditions. Surface runoff water was collected at the lower boundary of each plot by shallow PVC-lined trenches that outlet to the manholes. Continuous water flow from each hydrologic pathway was measured in 5-gallon buckets with v-notch weirs and pressure transducers. Total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus SRP), unreactive phosphorus (UP) and sediment (TSS) loads were estimated by multiplying the mean hourly runoff volume by the respective sample concentration for each hydrologic pathway. Data were collected April 21, 2014 through June 30, 2015. Loading rates were unable to be calculated from February 22, 2015 through April 9, 2015 due to freeze/thaw cycles preventing accurate water flow data collection. Event-based loading for TP, SRP, UP, TSS, and water yield were calculated in addition to cumulative losses over the study duration. No significant differences in cumulative TP exports were found between treatments (UD = 230.9 g ha-1; TD = 233.9 g ha-1). Approximately 55% more SRP and 158% more TSS was exported by UD (130.8 g ha-1; 168.8 kg ha-1) than TD (84.2 g ha-1; 65.5 kg ha-1). Unreactive P exports from TD (149.7 g ha-1) were 50% greater than UD (100.1 g ha-1). Two runoff events dominated the treatment response. An intense rain storm on May 16, 2014 generated the greatest sediment losses in both treatments during an individual event, contributing 65 and 67% of the cumulative losses from TD and UD, respectively. This event was also responsible for 40% of UP losses from TD. A 3 d rain/snowmelt event beginning on December 24, 2014 resulted in 61 and 84% of all SRP losses for TD and UD, respectively. The results of this study indicate that tile drainage may not have a negative impact on water quality relative to a naturally drained field. However, additional years of data are needed to develop more robust conclusions as different management strategies and weather conditions could result in different outcomes.

Este estudo constitui uma dissertação de mestrado que tem como objetivo analisar a Azulejaria Portuguesa e algumas de suas conexões entre Moda, Design de Superfície e Estamparia Têxtil, no que diz respeito à utilização dos mais diversos tipos de matérias-primas para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Especificamente, aborda a Estamparia Têxtil enquanto importante setor da área de Design Têxtil diretamente relacionado ao Design de Superfície. Assim, por meio do Design de Superfície, esta pesquisa apresenta a Azulejaria Portuguesa como uma das principais fontes de inspiração e criatividade para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos de Moda, utilizando os processos de Estamparia Têxtil. O modelo de pesquisa é qualitativo, cujas principais técnicas de coleta de dados empregadas são revisão da bibliografia, pesquisa em bancos de monografias e de imagens, acervo virtual de museus, periódicos e registros em fotografias. A partir dos dados coletados, foi desenvolvida uma coleção de estampas com base na Azulejaria Portuguesa empregada na cidade de São Luís do Maranhão (séculos XVIII e XIX), a qual foi posteriormente aplicada em uma coleção cápsula de Moda feminina desenvolvida pelo autor, cuja inspiração das formas e silhuetas é proveniente de obras arquitetônicas dos artistas Oscar Niemeyer e Delfim Amorim. A coleção de estampas e a coleção das peças apresentadas têm como objetivo destacar as relações encontradas entre a Azulejaria Portuguesa, o Design de Superfície e a Estamparia Têxtil, de modo a reforçar, por meio de diferentes processos criativos, a ideia de resgate artístico e histórico-cultural da Azulejaria Portuguesa pela Estamparia Têxtil, no que se refere ao desenvolvimento de novos produtos de Moda / This study represents a master dissertation which aims to analyze the Portuguese Tiles and some of their connections among Fashion, Surface Design and Textile Printing in respect of the use of various types of raw materials for new products development. Specifically, it deals with Textile Printing as one of the essential sectors regarding Textile Design related to Surface Design. Thus, through Surface Design, this research shows the Portuguese Tile as one of the primary sources of inspiration and creativity concerning the development of new Fashion products through the Textile Printing sector. The research model is qualitative, and its essential techniques of data collection are bibliography review, research in monograph, images, virtual museum collections, journals, and photographies. With this data compilation, a collection of textile prints was developed based on the Portuguese Tile used in the city of São Luís do Maranhão in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. A womens fashion capsule collection produced by the author applied these textile prints, which shape and contours come from the architectural works of the artists Oscar Niemeyer and Delfim Amorim. This collection and the garments propose to highlight the relations found among Portuguese Tile, the Surface Design, and the Textile Printing. By different creative process, it purposes to endorse the idea of the artistic and historical-cultural recover of the Portuguese Tile by Textile Printing, considering the development of new Fashion products

O revestimento cerâmico deve ser considerado como um conjunto de materiais integrados formando o sistema revestimento cerâmico - SRC que, em uma primeira análise, significa a união de placa cerâmica, argamassa de assentamento e rejunte. Avaliando mais cuidadosamente este sistema, observa-se que não apenas os fatores indicados acima interferem em seu funcionamento, sendo necessário ter conhecimento sobre outros materiais (base, chapisco, emboço, impermeabilizantes etc), e ainda considerar aspectos relacionados à especificação dos materiais e procedimentos de aplicação. Muitos profissionais da construção civil não têm o entendimento desse sistema como um todo, cometendo erros de especificação e aplicação, podendo provocar o aparecimento de problemas e patologias. Neste trabalho foi realizada uma intensa pesquisa com os vários agentes do sistema revestimento cerâmico, com ênfase especial aos profissionais (arquitetos e engenheiros) com o intuito de descobrir as carências sobre o sistema em questão e, baseado nestas dificuldades, propõe um \'manual eletrônico\'sobre especificação do SRC. Este software trabalha de forma interativa com o usuário e permite realizar a especificação de ambientes diferenciados, considerando as necessidades do local e do uso. O objetivo é que esta ferramenta, ao ser utilizada corretamente, melhore a qualidade de projeto do SRC e, dessa forma, contribua para a diminuição da ocorrência de defeitos e patologias neste sistema. / The name ceramic tile identifies not only the tile, but defines the ceramic tile system, that means the combination of ceramic tile, adhesive and grout. Other materials are involved in this system, in the layers behind: masonry, plaster, concrete. Together, all these material totalises a unit and, to guarantee the quality of this system, two factors deserve attention: correct materials specification and correct application of the materials that compound the layers involved. A great number of architects and engineers do not realize that ceramic tiles are not only one product, but a range of product with different properties and suitable to different applications, in different exposure conditions. This behaviour is in the origin of most errors and imperfections in the buildings. The author of this work conducted a survey with architects and engineers that project, plan or construct buildings, to investigate theirs main lacks of information about ceramic tile system. Based on the results of the survey, it was prepared a software that intends to be a guide for these professionals, including cares in the specification and application of this system, to assure the quality of the covering and to reduce the possibilities of flaws\' occurrence after the building construction. This software can represent an important and interactive tool, ease to use and designed to the day-by-day work of architects and engineers, providing direct answers to theirs questions and contributing to increase the quality of the buildings.

Os ladrilhos hidráulicos são revestimentos produzidos utilizando aglomerante hidráulico, cuja tecnologia de produção não acompanhou a grande evolução tecnológica dos concretos, as disponibilidades de novos materiais e técnicas de utilização ocorrentes nos últimos anos, sendo assim esses revestimentos perderam espaço e competitividade no mercado pela característica artesanal de sua produção. O trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma argamassa para produção de ladrilhos hidráulicos utilizando a tecnologia utilizada na produção de concretos de alto desempenho. Os agregados foram selecionados e compostos utilizando diferentes técnicas de empacotamento de partículas, essas técnicas foram implementadas experimentalmente e seus resultados foram analisados e comparados através da medida de massa unitária no estado compactado seco. Os aglomerantes foram selecionados de forma a atender a utilização de pigmentos claros e escuros necessários para a produção de ladrilhos hidráulicos decorativos, assim foram elaboradas duas diferentes composições de aglomerantes, a primeira com cimento Portland branco estrutural e metacaulinita branca, e a segunda com cimento Portland de alta resistência inicial resistente a sulfatos e sílica ativa de ferro-silício. Diferentes aditivos superplastificantes foram testados, sendo a medida de compatibilidade com os aglomerantes e a determinação dos teores ideais a serem utilizados com cada tipo de aglomerantes realizadas através da medida de consistência em mesa cadente. A avaliação das argamassas desenvolvidas para produção dos ladrilhos hidráulicos foi realizada através dos ensaios de compressão axial simples, tração na compressão diametral, e determinação do módulo de elasticidade. Os ladrilhos hidráulicos foram produzidos em fôrmas previamente elaboradas e moldados com auxílio de vibração, após desmoldagem e cura foram avaliados através dos ensaios de módulo de flexão, desgaste por abrasão, absorção de água, retração por secagem, ação química, e determinação das variações de dimensões em diferentes tempos de cura. Após elaboração, produção e avaliação dos ladrilhos hidráulicos, também foram realizados alguns testes práticos, e avaliados os custos dos materiais para produção desses revestimentos, como parte de um estudo para implementação da produção desses elementos em escala industrial. Os ladrilhos hidráulicos desenvolvidos apresentaram alto desempenho nas características avaliadas, com resistência à compressão axial simples de até 143 MPa e absorção de água próxima a 1%, também apresentando viabilidade de produção. / The hydraulic tiles are coverings produced by using hydraulic binders, whose production technology has not follow the great technological evolution of the concretes, the availabilities of new materials and the usual techniques in recent years, thus they have lost space and competition in the market due to their handicraft characteristic of production. This work had the objective to develop a mortar for production of hydraulic tiles using high performance concrete production technology. The aggregates were selected and proportioned using different techniques of particle packing, these techniques were implemented experimentally and their results were analyzed and compared through the measurement of the unit weight by rodding. The binders were selected to be used with clear and dark pigment necessity for production of decorative hydraulic tiles, thus two different mixture proportions of binders were elaborated, the first with structural white Portland cement and white metakaulin, and the second with high initial strength Portland cement resistant to sulphate and ferrosilicon silica fume. Different superplasticizer additives were tested, being the measure of compatibility with the binders and the determination of ideal proportions to be used with each type of binders measured in flow table consistency test. The evaluation of mortars developed for hydraulic tiles production was carried out by simple axial compression test, cylinder splitting test, and elastic modulus determination test. The hydraulic tiles were produced in a previously elaborated mould and molded by vibration, after dismoulding and cure were evaluated by flexural modulus test, wear by abrasion test, water absorption test, drying shrinkage test, chemical action test, and determination of the dimensions variations in different times of cure. After hydraulic tiles elaboration, production and evaluation, also were made some practical tests, and evaluated the material costs for production of these coverings, as part of an implementation study for production of these elements in industrial scale. The developed hydraulic tiles showed high performance in the evaluated characteristics, with simple axial compression strength until 143 MPa and water absorption about 1%, also showed production viability.