Timon of Athens has been the subject of conflicting interpretations and evaluations. Those who have found it somewhat unsatisfactory have outnumbered those who have approved it. To explain its more troubling features critics have advanced two theories: first, that the play is written by Shakespeare in collaboration with another author; and second, that the play is all Shakespeare's but lacks final revision. This thesis reviews the critical history of the play, supporting the current general tendency to reject the theory of dual authorship and seeing design in the form of the play and consistency in the development of character and plot. The writer investigates the themes presented in the play, noting relationships to themes in other plays of the canon. The marked similarities in ideas, imagery, and diction between Timon of Athens and other Shakespearian dramas supports the view of those who regard the play as entirely Shakespeare's. In particular, the treatment given the themes of justice, mercy, grace, and regeneration and the manner in which death is shown to affect character demonstrates that the play is a link between the tragedies and the final tragi-comedies. The writer believes that the play is satisfactory and understandable if it is regarded as depicting the movement of the soul from the finite to the infinite conception of being. Timon is accordingly viewed as a type of Everyman. Biblical imagery and echoes are noted, particularly those lines recalling passages (in both the Old and New Testaments) dealing with atonement. The principal characters of the play, other than the soldier Alcibiades and the faithful steward, exemplify various phases of worldliness and material-mindedness. Alcibiades stands in a special relationship to Timon in that he remains loyal to him, punishes Timon’s enemies, purges the state, and finally restores order. However, Alcibiades is not above criticism for his actions involve the evils of civil war and disease. The steward, also, remains loyal to Timon. Through his pure love he is able to touch Timon and thus penetrate his misanthropy. As Timon grows towards death there are hints of his moving into a state in which sin is absolved and all faults forgiven. Some attention has been given to the stage history of Timon of Athens, in particular to the 1965 Royal Shakespeare Company production which proved theatrically successful. The treatment of themes similar to those of Timon in other plays is discussed from a theatrical point of view in an attempt to explain the greater popularity with theatre audiences of plays such as King Lear. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Submitted by Felipe Lapenda (felipe.lapenda@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-06T14:06:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE Teresinha de Jesus dos Santos.pdf: 9544720 bytes, checksum: fbd246eb7b951150fe8cd28d3f83eabc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T14:06:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE Teresinha de Jesus dos Santos.pdf: 9544720 bytes, checksum: fbd246eb7b951150fe8cd28d3f83eabc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-03 / Universidade Estadual do Piauí ; Secretaria de Educação do Estado do Maranhão / Este estudo objetivou analisar as transformações socioespaciais rurais no município de Timon, considerando o período de 1980 a 2013. Para tanto, concebeu-se a produção do espaço rural de Timon no interior dos processos de estruturação do espaço nacional e de desenvolvimento do sistema capitalista mundial num contexto em que historicamente a ação do capital provocou/provoca profundas alterações, tanto na estrutura de produção como nas relações sociais no campo. O estudo priorizou a perspectiva histórico-dialética, contudo valeu-se de uma multiplicidade de abordagens teórico-metodológicas ao pensar a realidade espacial e sua apreensão. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, os procedimentos metodológicos operacionais consistiram na aplicação das seguintes técnicas: documentação indireta, observação direta extensiva, observação direta intensiva e história de vida. A fundamentação teórica levantada associada à práxis possibilitou compreender que: i) o cultivo das lavouras de subsistência, em consórcio com outras práticas agropecuárias contribuiu para a sustentação econômica ao município de Timon até por volta dos anos 1970-85; ii) a produção do espaço rural de Timon no contexto da evolução do capitalismo no Brasil se destacou com a participação na cadeia de produção-circulação-comercialização do arroz de modo a contribuir para a definição do estado do Maranhão na divisão territorial do trabalho como produtor e fornecedor desse produto para o mercado regional e nacional no interregno 1970-85; iii) os processos de modernização da agricultura e urbanização no Brasil contribuíram para as transformações socioespaciais rurais no município de Timon visto que favoreceram a desarticulação e o esvaziamento da produção agrícola e a migração campo-cidade; iv) a estruturação do “novo rural de Timon” no período analisado transcorreu a partir da articulação rural-urbano, campo-cidade e da proximidade em relação à cidade de Teresina, ao possibilitarem o uso e ocupação do espaço para fins de moradia e residência de fim de semana, a implementação de políticas públicas - em especial o Benefício de Prestação Continuada e o Programa Bolsa Família - e o desenvolvimento de práticas econômicas não agrícolas, como o comércio e as atividades relacionadas ao lazer. A relevância e pertinência do estudo empreendido para o conhecimento científico consistem em associar as transformações socioespaciais rurais ocorridas de 1980 a 2013 no município de Timon ao contexto nacional, para então, explicar de que modo esse espaço se configura na divisão territorial interna do trabalho, atrelada à lógica internacional; analisar o movimento de transformação do espaço e sociedade rurais em inter-relação com o urbano e desvelar a constituição de arranjos socioespaciais representativos da produção do espaço rural como reprodução das condições de vida da sociedade que ali habita.

The purpose of this dissertation is two-fold. First of all it aims at finding a unified philosophical basis for The Tempest. Commentators have widely acknowledged the diversity of the moral and political discourses present in this play: there is the idea of divine providence; there is the Stoic discourse about restraining one’s anger and desire for revenge; there is the Machiavellian teaching which lays strong emphasis on power and illusion as the only means to make men obedient; there is a deep concern with the question of whether virtue is teachable or not and how it should be taught; and there is also a preoccupation with the golden world and the ideal commonwealth. But is there a unity to be found amid this diversity? My answer to this question is that there indeed is an integrated philosophical framework in which all these discourses can find their proper places and reinforce one another in a way that contributes, together with the strictly observed unity of action, place and time, to the overall coherence of the play. This underlying basis, I will try to demonstrate, has a close affinity with Plato’s moral and political thought which centers around the question of teaching virtue; meanwhile, it could also be shown that, either historically or conceptually, the discourses identifiable in the play are all closely related to Plato’s philosophy. The examination of this basis will allow us to better appreciate the depth and nuances of The Tempest, but it will also shed some new light—hence the second task of this research—on the meaning of five other Shakespearean plays starting from Hamlet, As You Like It, Measure for Measure, to Timon of Athens and Coriolanus. In my dissertation, all these works (and Timon of Athens in especial, which, I believe, is a play where all the philosophical themes I will explore in this dissertation converge) will be treated at some length, with emphasis laid respectively on the use of power, the taming of anger, and Shakespeare’s idea about the golden world. Though a considerable part of my dissertation will be devoted to the tracing of this intellectual basis with reference to the template of ideas provided by Plato’s philosophy, I do not mean to suggest that it is through reading Plato directly that Shakespeare consciously develops a philosophy. My point is rather that all the discourses he makes use of in these plays could lead him of their own accord to the Platonic template. In this sense, what Shakespeare did is no more than just to allow the philosophical potentials of his motifs to work out themselves and meanwhile faithfully register their intricate interaction. In accordance with this assumption, my study will be half speculative rather than stringently historical in nature. I will proceed, though, strictly on an empirical line, that is, to presume nothing about the existence of philosophical patterns, and base my conclusion as much as possible on close readings of the text.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:56:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco_Chagas_Oliveira_Atanasio.pdf: 3146370 bytes, checksum: 8e51a686688868abfaa92fdf8f4ed453 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Talking about the trajectory of legendary leads us to believe in narratives that references his achievements and reaffirm the traits that help shape them in that aspect. . The figure of myth, the hero, the villain is nothing but a reflection of the historical embodiment of an image cemented in time. However, what occurs when we face indicating lead us to revise the figure legendary and causing a certain issues? And what would be released by the looks perceptions alternatives that reconstruct the the narratives of the legendary? These were questions which I encountered when analyzing the memories that established certain way about The Rebellious. The very word "Rebellious" since it carries a certain range of meanings, by itself eventually indict the reinterpretation process that would have been driven over those who were well defined from the standpoint of society. These individuals have emerged from obscurity to establish themselves in the story about the name of the Coluna Prestes (Prestes Column). This was a group historically known for being a rebel up coming from the military, insurgents in the 1920s, which opposed the oligarchic power politics of the governors, the present political regime in the first two decades of Republican Brazil.Headed by Luiz Carlos Prestes, this movement has taken an surprising course, itinere between the years 1925-1927, about 25,000 km of national territory, urging local communities to fight against the yoke of elitist political season, at the time the opposing force that fought the government.In the middle the various stories extolled his forays into the course of this movement. Among the routes of its passage are several northeastern towns, among them Timon-Maranhão and Teresina-Piauí. These the narratives were other points of the passage of the rebels. But as they were found in the inherited memories and lived in the memories they carry the memory of this period? Using this plan is that we see other directions printed of the image of the rebels. And what would they? It is the from these issues as establishing the development of this study, having as objective to analyze the ways in which the figures of the revolutionary the Prestes Column were appropriate in social memory. Through a case study on its passage in both cities, we found that other images were made on his figures. These images lead us to explore the properties of memory and pluralized field of the social imaginary and chimerical / Falar sobre as trajetórias de lendários leva-nos a pensar em narrativas que referencie seus feitos e reitere os traços que ajudam a moldá-los nesse aspecto. A figura do mito, do herói, do vilão nada mais é que o reflexo da incorporação histórica de uma imagem solidificada no tempo. No entanto, o que acontece quando nos deparamos com indicativos que nos levam a rever e figura da lenda gerando certa problemática? E quais seriam os olhares lançados pelas percepções alternativas que reelaboram as narrativas sobre a lenda? Essas foram questões as quais me deparei ao analisar as memórias que estabeleciam determinados sentidos sobre os Revoltosos. O próprio termo Revoltoso , uma vez que carrega certa gama de significados, por si mesmo acaba por indiciar o processo de ressignificação que teria sido impelido sobre aqueles que assim foram definidos a partir do olhar social. Tais sujeitos emergiram do anonimato para se firmarem na história sobre o nome de Coluna Prestes. Esse fora uma grupo historicamente conhecido por ser um levante rebelde advindo das forças armadas, insurgente na década de 1920, que se opôs ao poder oligárquico da política dos governadores, regime político presente nas duas primeiras décadas do Brasil republicano. Liderado por Luiz Carlos Prestes, esse movimento empreendeu uma surpreendente trajetória, itinerando, entre os anos de 1925-1927, por cerca de 25.000 quilômetros do território nacional, exortando às comunidades locais para luta contra o julgo político-elitista da época, ao tempo em que combatia as forças inimigas do governo. Em meio às suas incursões diversas histórias exaltaram a trajetória desse movimento. Entre os percursos de sua passagem se encontram várias cidades do nordeste, dentre elas Timon-Maranhão e Teresina-Piauí. Esses seriam outros pontos de narrativas sobre a passagem dos rebeldes. Mas como eles se encontram presentes nas memórias herdadas e nas memórias vividas que carregam a lembrança de tal época? Por meio desse plano é que visualizamos outros sentidos impressos sobre a imagem dos rebeldes. E quais seriam eles? É a partir de tais problemáticas que se estabelece o desdobramento desse estudo, tendo como objetivo analisar as formas pelas quais as figuras dos revolucionários da Coluna Prestes foram apropriadas na memória social. Através de um estudo de caso sobre sua passagem nas duas cidades, observamos que outras imagens foram fabricadas sobre suas figuras. Essas imagens nos levam a explorar as propriedades da memória e o campo pluralizador e quimérico do imaginário social

"Forests Full of Beasts" analyzes late-Shakespearean thought as represented in "Timon of Athens" and "King Lear," focusing on expressions of madness. Applying an Aristotelian framework, each chapter examines the two plays through a different lens, applying the "Nicomachean Ethics," "Politics" and "Poetics" in turn. Looking at these plays through the "Ethic"s shows that Timon and Lear miss the mark of happiness through excessive action, and their madness is therefore construed as deliberately maintaining unsustainable behaviour. The Politics foregrounds humanity's social nature, and it is in their rejection of society's provisions and friendship that Timon and Lear are seen to be most mad. Following the Poetics' prioritization of plot, both plays are analyzed in terms of the unified whole, and their madness is seen as seamlessly interwoven with the overall action. The conclusion ties these analyses together, understanding Timon's and Lear's madness as the deliberate choice to pursue excessive, antisocial behaviour.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:26:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_jo_me_rcla.pdf: 1953585 bytes, checksum: d7042d1d8946631854f31611f70c4e6c (MD5) / O problema das ocupações urbanas irregulares no Brasil é um dos temas mais estudados atualmente. Uma solução para reduzir boa parte de seus problemas é o conhecimento de sua realidade por meio de suas características socioeconômicas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da pesquisa é determinar o perfil socioeconômico do bairro Cidade Nova no município de Timon (MA), com o auxilio de geotecnologias. Desta forma, foi realizada uma abordagem integrada, a partir de duas dimensões da análise geográfica. A caracterização socioeconômica e a análise de sua distribuição espacial. Para alcançar os objetivos, foram usadas pesquisa de campo, técnicas de cartografia digital, sistema de informação geográfica, combinadas com as modelagens de estatísticas tradicionais e da geoestatística para a elaboração de mapas temáticos através da técnica de krigagem, numa abordagem quantiqualitativa. Os resultados e a análise espacial geográfica mostram que grande parte da população do bairro Cidade Nova é constituída de famílias de baixa escolaridade e renda, e a maioria trabalha na informalidade. A utilização de técnicas de geoprocessamento por meio da integração de dados espaciais e alfanuméricos permitiu análise dos dados geográficos de forma dinâmica e eficaz, comprovando a potencialidade dessa tecnologia no auxilio da análise de dados socioeconômicos e obtenção de informações relevantes para o ordenamento, planejamento e gestão urbanos / The problem irregular urban occupations in Brazil are one of the themes more studied now. A solution to reduce good part of their problems are the knowledge of their reality through their socioeconomic characteristics. In that context the objective of the research is to determine the socioeconomic profile of the neighborhood “Cidade Nova” in the municipal district of Timon-MA, with aid of geotecnologies. This way, an integrated approach was accomplished, starting from two dimensions of the geographical analysis. The socioeconomic characterization and the analysis space distribution, to reach the objectives were used field research, techniques of digital cartography, system of geographical information, combined with the modelling of traditional statistics and of the geostatistic for the elaboration of thematic maps through the “krigagem technique”, a quantiqualitative approach. The results and the geographical space analysis show that great part of the population of the neighborhood “Cidade Nova” is constituted of families of low education, income and most work in the informality. The use of geoprocessing techniques through the space and alphanumeric integration of data, allowed analysis of the geographical data in a dynamic and effective way, proving the potentiality of that technology in aid of the analysis of socioeconomic data and obtaining of relevant information for the orderly, planning and urban administration

Orientador: Maria Isabel Castreghini de Freitas / Banca: Lindon Fonseca Matias / Banca: Darlene Aparecida de Oliveira Ferreira / Resumo: O problema das ocupações urbanas irregulares no Brasil é um dos temas mais estudados atualmente. Uma solução para reduzir boa parte de seus problemas é o conhecimento de sua realidade por meio de suas características socioeconômicas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da pesquisa é determinar o perfil socioeconômico do bairro Cidade Nova no município de Timon (MA), com o auxilio de geotecnologias. Desta forma, foi realizada uma abordagem integrada, a partir de duas dimensões da análise geográfica. A caracterização socioeconômica e a análise de sua distribuição espacial. Para alcançar os objetivos, foram usadas pesquisa de campo, técnicas de cartografia digital, sistema de informação geográfica, combinadas com as modelagens de estatísticas tradicionais e da geoestatística para a elaboração de mapas temáticos através da técnica de krigagem, numa abordagem quantiqualitativa. Os resultados e a análise espacial geográfica mostram que grande parte da população do bairro Cidade Nova é constituída de famílias de baixa escolaridade e renda, e a maioria trabalha na informalidade. A utilização de técnicas de geoprocessamento por meio da integração de dados espaciais e alfanuméricos permitiu análise dos dados geográficos de forma dinâmica e eficaz, comprovando a potencialidade dessa tecnologia no auxilio da análise de dados socioeconômicos e obtenção de informações relevantes para o ordenamento, planejamento e gestão urbanos / Abstract: The problem irregular urban occupations in Brazil are one of the themes more studied now. A solution to reduce good part of their problems are the knowledge of their reality through their socioeconomic characteristics. In that context the objective of the research is to determine the socioeconomic profile of the neighborhood "Cidade Nova" in the municipal district of Timon-MA, with aid of geotecnologies. This way, an integrated approach was accomplished, starting from two dimensions of the geographical analysis. The socioeconomic characterization and the analysis space distribution, to reach the objectives were used field research, techniques of digital cartography, system of geographical information, combined with the modelling of traditional statistics and of the geostatistic for the elaboration of thematic maps through the "krigagem technique", a quantiqualitative approach. The results and the geographical space analysis show that great part of the population of the neighborhood "Cidade Nova" is constituted of families of low education, income and most work in the informality. The use of geoprocessing techniques through the space and alphanumeric integration of data, allowed analysis of the geographical data in a dynamic and effective way, proving the potentiality of that technology in aid of the analysis of socioeconomic data and obtaining of relevant information for the orderly, planning and urban administration / Mestre

This project aims to take the investigation of food in early modern drama, in itself a relatively new field, in a new direction. It does this by shifting the critical focus from food-based metaphors to food-based properties and food-producing cook characters. This shift reveals exciting, unexpected, and hitherto unnoticed contexts. In The Taming of the Shrew and Titus Andronicus, which were written during William Shakespeare’s inn-yard playhouse period, the playwright exploits these exceptionally aromatic venues in order to trigger site-specific responses to food-based scenes in these plays. Ben Jonson’s Bartholomew Fair brings fair-appropriate gingerbread properties onstage. When we look beneath the surface of this food effect to its bread and wine ingredients, however, it reveals a subtext that satirizes the theory of transubstantiation. Jonson expands on this theme by using Ursula’s cooking fire (a property staged in Jonson’s representation of Smithfield’s Bartholomew Fair) to engage with the prison narrative of Anne Askew, who was burned to death in front of Bartholomew Priory on the historic Smithfield for denying the doctrine of transubstantiation. This thesis also investigates water, which, for early moderns, was a complex and quasi-mystical liquid: it was a primary element, it washed sin from the world during the Great Flood, it was a marker of status, it was a medicine, and it was a cookery ingredient. Christopher Marlowe not only uses dirty water to humiliate his doomed monarch in Edward II, but he also uses it to apportion blame to the king for his own downfall. In Timon of Athens, Shakespeare draws on the theory of the elements to cast Timon as a man of water, who, Jesus-like, breaks up and divides (or splashes around) his body at his “last” supper. Fully-fledged cook characters were a relative rarity on the early modern stage. This project looks at two exceptions: Furnace in Philip Massinger’s A New Way to Pay Old Debts and the unnamed master cook in John Fletcher’s The Tragedy of Rollo, Duke of Normandy. Both playwrights use their respective gastronomic geniuses to demonstrate the danger that lower-order expertise poses to the upper classes when society is in flux. Finally, this project demonstrates that a link existed between ornate domestic food effects and alchemy. It shows how Philip Massinger’s The Great Duke of Florence and Thomas Middleton’s Women, Beware Women use food properties associated with alchemy to satirize notions of perfection in their play-worlds.