Cette thèse a pour but la recherche de Nouvelle Physique dans les événements à quatre quarks top en utilisant les données collectées dans les collisions proton-proton par l'expérience ATLAS au LHC. L'ensemble des données correspond à celui enregistré pendant tout 2011 à √s = 7 TeV et une partie de l'année 2012 à √s = 8 TeV. L'analyse est concentrée sur un état final avec deux leptons (des électrons et des muons) avec la même charge électrique. Cette signature est expérimentalement privilégiée puisque la présence de deux leptons avec le même signe dans l'état final permet de réduire le bruit du fond qui vient des processus du Modèle Standard. Les résultats sont interprétés dans le contexte d'une théorie effective à basse énergie, qui suppose que la Nouvelle Physique peut se manifester à basse énergie comme une interaction de contact à quatre tops droits. Dans ce contexte, cette analyse permet de prouver un type de théorie au delà du Modèle Standard qui, à basse énergie, peut se manifester de cette manière. Les bruits du fond pour cette recherche ont été estimés en utilisant des échantillons simulés et des techniques axées sur les données. Différentes sources d'incertitudes systématiques ont été considérées. La sélection finale des événements a été optimisée en visant à minimiser la limite supérieure attendue sur la section efficace de production des quatre tops si aucun événement de signal n'est trouvé. La région du signal a été ensuite examinée à la recherche d'un excès d'événement en comparaison avec le bruit du fond prévu. Aucun excès d'événement n'a été observé, et la limite supérieure observée sur la section efficace de production de quatre quarks top a été calculée. Ceci a permis de calculer la limite supérieure sur la constante de couplage C=2 du modèle. Une limite supérieure sur la section efficace de production de quatre tops dans le Modèle Standard a été aussi calculée dans l'analyse a √s = 8 TeV. En plus de l'analyse physique du signal de quatre tops, des études concernant le système d'étalonnage LASER du calorimètre Tile ont été présentées. Ces études sont liées au système des photodiodes utilisé pour mesurer l'intensité de la lumière dans le système LASER. / This thesis presents the search for New Physics in events with four top quarks using the data collected in proton-proton collisions by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The dataset corresponds to the one taken during all 2011 at √s = 7 TeV and a part of 2012 at √s = 8 TeV. The analysis focuses on a final state with two leptons (electrons and muons) with the same electric charge. This signature is experimentally favored since the presence of two same-sign leptons in the final state allows to reduce the background coming from Standard Model (SM) processes. The results are interpreted in the context of a low energy effective field theory, which assumes that New Physics at low energy can manifest itself as a four right-handed top contact interaction. In this context, this analysis allows testing a class of beyond-the-SM (BSM) theories which at low energy can manifest in this way. Backgrounds to this search have been estimated using simulated samples and data-driven techniques. Different sources of systematic uncertainties have been also considered. The final selection of events has been optimized by aiming at minimizing the expected upper limit on the four tops production cross-section in case of no signal events found. The signal region is then analyzed by looking for an excess of events with respect to the predicted background. No excess of events has been observed, and the observed upper limit on the four tops production cross-section has been computed. This limit is then translated to an upper limit on the coupling strength C=2 of the model. An upper limit on the four tops production cross-section in the SM has been also computed in the analysis performed at √s = 8 TeV. In addition to the physics analysis of the four tops signal, some studies about the LASER calibration system of the ATLAS Tile calorimeter are presented. In particular, they are related to the photodiodes system used to measure the intensity of the laser light in the LASER system.

A definiçãoo e o reconhecimento de gestos multi-toque s~ao dois dos maiores desafios encontrados por desenvolvedores de aplicações para tabletops. Após a escolha dos gestos, geralmente após um longo e custoso estudo de usuário, os desenvolvedores precisam selecionar ou criar um algorítimo para reconhecê-los e integrá-lo à aplicação e ao hardware. Muitas bibliotecas e arcabouços para o reconhecimento de gestos multi-toque foram propostos nos últimos anos. Cada um deles buscou endereçar um dos diversos desafios encontrados pelos desenvolvedores quando desenvolvendo protótipos e implementando novas aplicações para tabletops, como a integração entre a camada de aplicação e a interface de hardware. Em uma das etapas de nossa pesquisa, foram identificados quatorze requisitos para tais arcabouços, variando desde o suporte ao multi-toque ao suporte a gestos colaborativo não conseguiram endereçar todos os requisitos identificados. Neste trabalho, nós apresentamos o MiTable Engine: um arcabouço flexível e configurável, criado com o objetivo de atender a todos os quatorze requisitos. Esta proposta pode ser utilizada tanto para suportar aplicações em mesas interativas para diversos usuários quanto aplicações para tablets e smartphones. O MiTable Engine foi construído a partir de uma arquitetura de quatro camadas com uma nova proposta de reconhecimento de gestos baseada em pipeline. Nossa proposta é capaz de processar diversas entradas de toque simultaneamente com grande desempenho e se torna muito flexível para personalizações. O MiTable também inclui alguns dos algorítmos do estado-da-arte para reconhecimento de gestos além de um conjunto de ferramentas para criação e inclusão de novos gestos nas aplicações. Neste trabalho, nós discutimos a engine proposta em detalhes, incluindo sua arquitetura, algorítmos e como cada requisito é endereçado. Para exercitar a engine e verificar seu funcionamento, nós apresentamos duas provas de conceito e desenvolvemos diversos testes unitários automatizados. / Gestures denition and recognition are two of the major challenges for tabletop developers. After choosing the gestures, usually after a costly user study, developers must select or create an algorithm to recognize them and integrate it to the main application layer and to the hardware interface layer. Several multi-touch gestures recognition systems and frameworks were proposed in the past years. Each of them tried to address one of several challenges developers have when prototyping and implementing new tabletop applications and to provide a seamless integration between the hardware interface and the main application. During our research, we identified fourteen requirements for multi-touch frameworks, ranging from supporting multi-touch to collaborative gestures. Although current state of art multi-touch gestures frameworks addresses several of them, there is no unique solution which addresses all the developers needs. In this work, we present the MiTable Engine: a flexible and configurable multi-touch gestures engine aimed to address all these requirements. The proposed engine is suitable for both large multi-user surfaces and for small single-user tabletops, such as tablets and smartphones. The MiTable Engine is built on top of a four layers architecture and introduces a novel multi-touch gestures recognition pipeline which can process several multi-touch inputs simultaneously with high performance and flexibility for customizations. The Engine also includes some of the state-of-art multi-touch gestures recognizers and a set of tools for creating and adding custom gestures to the application. In this work, we discuss the proposed engine in deep details, including its architecture, its algorithms and how it addresses each requirement. In order to exercise the engine and verify its functionality, we present two proof of concept applications and developed several automated unit tests.

A definiçãoo e o reconhecimento de gestos multi-toque s~ao dois dos maiores desafios encontrados por desenvolvedores de aplicações para tabletops. Após a escolha dos gestos, geralmente após um longo e custoso estudo de usuário, os desenvolvedores precisam selecionar ou criar um algorítimo para reconhecê-los e integrá-lo à aplicação e ao hardware. Muitas bibliotecas e arcabouços para o reconhecimento de gestos multi-toque foram propostos nos últimos anos. Cada um deles buscou endereçar um dos diversos desafios encontrados pelos desenvolvedores quando desenvolvendo protótipos e implementando novas aplicações para tabletops, como a integração entre a camada de aplicação e a interface de hardware. Em uma das etapas de nossa pesquisa, foram identificados quatorze requisitos para tais arcabouços, variando desde o suporte ao multi-toque ao suporte a gestos colaborativo não conseguiram endereçar todos os requisitos identificados. Neste trabalho, nós apresentamos o MiTable Engine: um arcabouço flexível e configurável, criado com o objetivo de atender a todos os quatorze requisitos. Esta proposta pode ser utilizada tanto para suportar aplicações em mesas interativas para diversos usuários quanto aplicações para tablets e smartphones. O MiTable Engine foi construído a partir de uma arquitetura de quatro camadas com uma nova proposta de reconhecimento de gestos baseada em pipeline. Nossa proposta é capaz de processar diversas entradas de toque simultaneamente com grande desempenho e se torna muito flexível para personalizações. O MiTable também inclui alguns dos algorítmos do estado-da-arte para reconhecimento de gestos além de um conjunto de ferramentas para criação e inclusão de novos gestos nas aplicações. Neste trabalho, nós discutimos a engine proposta em detalhes, incluindo sua arquitetura, algorítmos e como cada requisito é endereçado. Para exercitar a engine e verificar seu funcionamento, nós apresentamos duas provas de conceito e desenvolvemos diversos testes unitários automatizados. / Gestures denition and recognition are two of the major challenges for tabletop developers. After choosing the gestures, usually after a costly user study, developers must select or create an algorithm to recognize them and integrate it to the main application layer and to the hardware interface layer. Several multi-touch gestures recognition systems and frameworks were proposed in the past years. Each of them tried to address one of several challenges developers have when prototyping and implementing new tabletop applications and to provide a seamless integration between the hardware interface and the main application. During our research, we identified fourteen requirements for multi-touch frameworks, ranging from supporting multi-touch to collaborative gestures. Although current state of art multi-touch gestures frameworks addresses several of them, there is no unique solution which addresses all the developers needs. In this work, we present the MiTable Engine: a flexible and configurable multi-touch gestures engine aimed to address all these requirements. The proposed engine is suitable for both large multi-user surfaces and for small single-user tabletops, such as tablets and smartphones. The MiTable Engine is built on top of a four layers architecture and introduces a novel multi-touch gestures recognition pipeline which can process several multi-touch inputs simultaneously with high performance and flexibility for customizations. The Engine also includes some of the state-of-art multi-touch gestures recognizers and a set of tools for creating and adding custom gestures to the application. In this work, we discuss the proposed engine in deep details, including its architecture, its algorithms and how it addresses each requirement. In order to exercise the engine and verify its functionality, we present two proof of concept applications and developed several automated unit tests.

Migration is a phenomenon wherein individuals relocate from one country to another, albeit temporarily or permanently, for numerous reasons. The State of Qatar is a highly diverse nation with a large population of foreign residents. According to Priya D’Souza, as of 2017, 60 percent of the resident population in Qatar are from South Asia. Growing up in this environment, third culture kids develop a unique, hybrid culture through experiencing multiple cultures. This research investigates a dichotomy of belonging from the perspective of South Asians in Qatar. A series of hybridized spinning tops were produced in collaboration with a South Asian artisan. These hybridized artifacts are infused with sensory materials in order to elicit an emotive response, engage memory, and celebrate the merging of diverse cultures.

The explorative scanning movements of the hands have been compared to those of the eyes. The visual process is known to be composed of alternating phases of saccadic eye movements and fixation pauses. Descriptive results suggest that during the haptic exploration of objects short movement pauses occur as well.The goal of the present study was to detect these \"explorative stops\"(ES) during one-handed and two-handed haptic explorations of various objects and patterns, and to measure their duration. Additionally, the associations between the following variables were analyzed:(a) between mean exploration time and duration of ES, (b) between certain stimulus features and ES frequency, and (c) the duration of ES during the course of exploration.

In diets for broiler rabbits alfalfa hay figure as the most cost ingredient. In this way, replace it with agricultural residues cheapens the rabbits products. In addition, the use of residues reduces liabilities in the environment and improves the sustainability of the production chain. Two experiments were conducted at the Cuniculture Laboratory of Department of Animal Science of the Federal University of Santa Maria, where he studied the influence of different substrates replacing alfalfa hay in diets for broiler rabbits. The aim of the first study was to evaluate the feasibility of using the carrot tops (CT) replacing alfalfa hay in diets for broiler rabbits. To this end, we used 30 rabbits of New Zealand kind, weaned at 35d, divided into 3 groups subjected to the following treatments: T0CT control treatment without including CT; T25CT - diet with 25% CT replacement alfalfa hay and T50CT diet with 50% CT replacement alfalfa hay. The biological assay lasted 49 days. The parameters evaluated were: weight gain, feed conversion, feed intake and economic viability of diet. It was found that the average daily weight gain of the animals was 23.93g in T0CT, 22.65g in T25CT and 22:16 in T50CT. The daily feed intake was 86.71g in T0CT, 88.43g in T25CT and 89.57g in T50CLS. The cost per kg of diet linearly reduced with the inclusion of CT to replace alfalfa hay, and the T0CT diet the most expensive (R $ 0.74 / kg) and T50CT (R $ 0.60) the most economical. It follows that the CT can replacement 50% alfalfa hay in diets for growing rabbit diet optimizing the cost without sacrificing performance of the animals. The purpose of the second study was to determine the effect of replacing alfalfa hay for sweet potato vines (SPV) on performance, carcass and liver metabolism parameters broiler rabbits. To this end, twenty-seven rabbits, New Zealand kind were weaned at 35d and divided into three treatments: 0SPV diet without the inclusion of SPV; 10SPV- diet with 10% alfalfa hay replaced by SPV; and 15SPV diet with 15% alfalfa hay replaced by SPV. The trial lasted 49 days. The daily feed intake ranged from 73.17 to 78.02g; daily weight gain, 22.32 to 23.17g; and feed conversion of 3.16 to 03.49 and the final live weight, from 1839.44 to 1880.55g. None of these performance parameters were significantly affected by dietary treatments. As for the post-slaughter data treatments did not differ in carcass weight and heart. However, the liver weight was significantly lower in animals 10SPV treatment. The glucose present in the liver ranged from 1.62mg/g-1 in 10SLP group to 5.02mg/g-1 in 15SPV and 5.6 mg/g-1 in the control group (0SPV). The glucose released into the tissue showed concentration 2,35μmol, 2,13μmol and 2,59μmol released / g tissue in the treatment 0SPV, 10SPV and 15SPV respectively. Therefore concluded that the SPV can be included in up to 15%, replacing alfalfa hay without adversely affecting the performance of the animals. / Em dietas para coelhos de corte, o feno de alfafa figura como o ingrediente de maior custo. Desta forma, substituí-lo por resíduos agrícolas reduz os custos dos produtos cunículas. Além disso, o uso de resíduos reduz passivos no meio ambiente e melhora a sustentabilidade da cadeia produtiva. Dois ensaios foram realizados no Laboratório de Cunicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, onde se estudou a influência de diferentes substratos, em substituição ao feno de alfafa, em dietas para coelhos de corte. O objetivo do primeiro estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade do uso de topos de cenoura (CT), em substituição ao feno de alfafa, em dietas para coelhos de corte. Para tal, utilizou-se 30 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, desmamados aos 35 dias de idade, divididos em três grupos, submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: T0CT - dieta controle sem inclusão de TC; T25CT dieta com 25% de substituição do feno de alfafa por CT e T50CT dieta com 50% de substituição do feno de alfa por CT. O ensaio biológico teve duração de 49 dias. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, consumo de ração e viabilidade econômica da dieta. Verificou-se que o ganho médio diário de peso dos animais foi de 23,93g no T0CT, 22,65g no T25CT e 22,16 no T50CT. Já o consumo diário de ração foi de 86,71g no T0CT, 88,43g no T25CT e 89,57g no T50CT. Ainda o custo por kg de dieta reduziu linearmente com a inclusão dos TC em substituição ao feno alfafa, sendo a dieta T0CT a mais onerosa (R$0,74/kg) e a T50CT (R$0,60) a mais econômica. Concluiu-se que os CT podem substituir até 50% o feno de alfafa em dietas para coelhos em crescimento, otimizando o custo da dieta sem prejudicar o desempenho dos animais. O objetivo do segundo estudo foi determinar o efeito da substituição do feno de alfafa por baraço de batata-doce (SPV) sobre o desempenho, a carcaça e parâmetros de metabolismo hepático de coelhos de corte. Para tal, 27 coelhos Nova Zelândia (variedade branca) foram desmamados aos 35 dias e divididos em três tratamentos: 0SPV dieta sem a inclusão de SPV; dieta 10SPV com 10% de feno de alfafa substituído por SPV; e 15SPV dieta com 15% de feno de alfafa substituído por SPV. O ensaio durou 49 dias. O consumo diário de ração variou entre 73,17g e 78,02g; com ganho de peso diário entre 22,32g e 23,17g; e a conversão alimentar entre 3,16 a 03,49 e o peso vivo final entre 1839,44g e 1880,55g. Nenhum desses parâmetros de desempenho foi significativamente afetado pelos tratamentos dietéticos. Quanto aos dados pós-abate, os tratamentos não diferiram em peso da carcaça e do coração. No entanto, o peso do fígado foi significativamente menor nos animais do tratamento 10SPV. A glicose presente no fígado variou de 1,62mg/g-1 no grupo 10SLP a 5,02mg/g-1 no 15SPV e 5,6 mg/g-1 no grupo de controle (0SPV). A glicose liberada no tecido apresentou concentração de 2,35μmol, 2,13μmol e 2,59μmol liberado/g de tecido nos tratamentos 0SPV, 10SPV e 15SPV, respectivamente. Por conseguinte, concluiu-se que o SPV pode ser incluído em até 15% em substituição ao feno de alfafa, sem afetar negativamente o desempenho dos animais.

The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial validity and measurement equivalence of the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS; Thomas, Murphy, & Hardy, 1999); the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS; Smith, Smoll, & Schultz, 1990); and the Golf Performance Survey (GPS; Thomas & Over, 1994) across age groups in a representative sample of amateur golfers. Based on archival data, participants comprising this study were 649 younger adult (n = 237) and older adult (n = 412) amateur golfers who played in the Dupont World Amateur Golf Championship in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The participants completed a set of questionnaires including psychological skills and strategies (e.g., self-talk, goal setting, imagery, etc.) used during competition, sport-specific competitive trait anxiety, and psychomotor skills and involvement in golf. Results demonstrated that the original factor structure of the TOPS competition subscale, the SAS, and the GPS, did not adequately fit the data among this sample of younger and older adult amateur golfers. Further exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses established evidence of factorial validity with the TOPS competition subscale, SAS, and the GPS with both younger and older adult amateur golfers. Configural, metric, scalar, and strict measurement invariance were identified in relation to the TOPS competition subscale, SAS, and the GPS across age cross-group comparisons. In general, the analyses demonstrated support that the TOPS competition subscale, SAS, and the GPS can be utilized with confidence with older adult amateur golfers, as well as conducting group comparisons with younger adult amateur golfers. The findings from this study have several future research directions and practical implications for structuring effective interventions with older adult amateur athletes.

Title: The Collection of Exercises About Qaudrangles Author: Bc. Pavel Nohál Department: Department of Mathematics Education Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jarmila Robová, CSc., Department of Mathematics Education Abstract: The master thesis is focused on exercises regarding qaudrangles. This gives a chance to pupils of primary schools and lower secondary schools to repeat and practice math curriculum with a view of further study, but also develop pupils' common sense and logical thinking. The quadrangles are being encountered by us every day and therefore the exercises in this area are largely connected with the practical life. As not many current Collections on the market are dealing exclusively with quadrangles, author would like to fill this vacancy by this thesis. Keywords: Quadrilaterals and their division Parallelograms and trapezoids Circumference and area Tops, sides and interior angles

Oförmåga att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser i tillräckligt takt för att undvika en alltför kraftig global uppvärmning har motiverat framtagandet av tekniker med potential att minska mängden koldioxid i atmosfären. En av dessa tekniker är bioenergi med koldioxidlagring (Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, BECCS), där koldioxid avskiljs från punktkällor med biogena utsläpp och lagras i geologiska strukturer. Även biokol tillsatt till jordbruksmark har potential att bidra till negativa utsläpp. Både svenska och internationella strategier inkluderar negativa utsläpp för att uppfylla förpliktelserna i Parisavtalet. För att säkerhetsställa att teknikerna lever upp till potentialen krävs ett livscykelperspektiv där klimatpåverkan beräknas på systemnivå. En livscykelanalys utfördes, där klimatpåverkan vid utnyttjande av grenar och toppar (GROT) från den svenska skogsindustrin beräknades för teknikerna BECCS och biokol tillsatt till jordbruksmark. Teknikerna jämfördes med ett referensscenario där GROT förbränns i ett kraftvärmeverk för att producera el och fjärrvärme utan omhändertagande av koldioxid som bildas vid förbränning. Resultaten visar att BECCS har potentialen att bidra med negativa utsläpp på mellan -168 och -666 kg CO2-ekvivalenter/ ton GROT torrsubstans (TS). Då GROT-skörden ökar till 80% av den årliga avverkade arealen skog i Sverige och kombineras med gallring, resulterar 666 kg CO2-ekvivalenter/ ton GROT TS, i 4,4 miljoner ton CO2-ekvivalenter per år. Detta motsvarar 25,8 % av klimatpåverkan från inrikestransporter i Sverige år 2016. Nettoutsläppen från biokol tillsatt till jordbruksmarker, varierar mellan 934 och -344 kg CO2-ekvivalenter/ ton GROT TS. Då GROT-skörden ökar till 80% av den avverkade arealen skog i Sverige och kombineras med gallring, resulterar 344 kg CO2-ekvivalenter/ton GROT TS i 2,2 miljoner ton CO2-ekvivalenter. Detta motsvarar 13,3 % av klimatpåverkan från inrikes transporter i Sverige år 2016. Båda teknikerna har potential att åstadkomma nettonegativa växthusgasutsläpp, men resultaten är beroende av klimatpåverkan från ersättande el- och fjärrvärmeproduktion. / The inability to achieve sufficient reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has led to the development of techniques with potential to achieve negative greenhouse gas emissions. One of these techniques is called Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), where carbon dioxide is captured from biogenic point sources with biogenic emissions and stored underground. Biochar applied to farmland is another technique with potential to achieve negative greenhouse gas emissions. Both Swedish and international strategies, to meet the obligations in the Paris Agreement, include negative greenhouse gas emissions. A life cycle approach is required to ensure that the techniques deliver on the promise of negative emissions. A Life cycle assessment was conducted where the global warming potential was calculated for BECCS and biochar added to farmland in two different scenarios where tops and branches (GROT) from the Swedish forest industry were used as feedstock. The techniques were compared to a reference scenario where GROT were used in a combined heat and power plant (CHP-plant). The results show that BECCS has the potential to achieve net negative emissions of between -168 and -666 kg CO2-equivalents/ tonne GROT dry matter (DM). When GROT is harvested from 80% of the yearly final felling areas in Sweden and combined with thinning, 666 kg CO2-equivalents/ Mg GROT DM is equivalent to in 4,4 million ton CO2-equivalents per year. This corresponds to 25,8 % of Sweden's greenhouse gas emissions from domestic transportation in 2016. The results of greenhouse gas emissions from biochar applied to farmland varied between 934 to -344 CO2-equivalents/ Mg GROT DM. When GROT is harvested from 80% of final felling areas in Sweden and combined with thinning, -344 CO2-equivalents/ Mg GROT DM is equivalent to 2,2 million ton CO2- equivalents per year. This corresponds to 13,3 % of Sweden's greenhouse gas emissions from domestic transportation in 2016. Both techniques have the potential to achieve net negative greenhouse gas emissions. However, the results are greatly influenced by the climate impact from generating the electricity to replace the losses in electricity production when GROT is used for BECCS and biochar instead of in a CHP-plant.

No description available.