Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1930. / "Reprinted from the Acta mathematica, vol. 59."

Thesis (PH. D.)--University of Chicago, 1935. / Vita. Lithoprinted. "Private edition, distributed by the University of Chicago libraries, Chicago, Illinois." "List of References": p. 58.

Introduktion. Mental träning är ett begrepp som innefattar olika faktorer och har visats kunna ha en positiv inverkan på fysisk prestationsförmåga inom idrott. Syfte. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka svenska elitsatsande längdskidåkares användning av olika mentala strategier under träning och tävling samt huruvida användandet av dessa påverkas av idrottarens tävlingsnivå, träningsvolym, kön och ålder. Metod. Frågeformuläret som användes var ett specifikt frågeformulär avseende tävlingsnivå, träningsvolym, kön och ålder och frågeformuläret TOPS (Test of Performance Strategies) användes för att undersöka 48 elitlängdskidåkares (20,2±2,6 år (medel±SD)) användning av 10 olika mentala strategier. Resultat. Resultaten visade att de som tävlar på en lägre nivå i större utsträckning använde den mentala strategin inre samtal under träning (p=0,029) och tävling (p=0,020). Aktiva med större träningsvolym använde i större utsträckning aktivering (p=0,039) och inre samtal (p=0,024) under träning och automatisering (p=0,037) och känslokontroll (p=0,035) under tävling. Avseende könskillnader använde de manliga elitlängdskidåkarna i större utsträckning de mentala strategierna målsättning (p=0,040) under träning och känslokontroll (p=0,047) under tävling. Avseende ålder noterades inga signifikanta skillnader. Konklusion. Sammanfattningsvis observerades en del skillnader under träning och/eller tävling, utifrån olika tävlingsnivå, träningsvolym och kön.

En kvantitativ studie genomfördes med syftet att undersöka i vilken utsträckning psykologiska strategier används av ryttare samt om det finns några eventuella skillnader i användandet av psykologiska strategier på träning och tävling och i mellan grenarna inom ridsporten. Vidare undersöktes det om det finns ett samband mellan användandet av psykologiska strategier och upplevd prestation. För att mäta detta användes en svensk version av självskattningsinstrumentet Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS). 185 ryttare deltog i studien, varav 107 stycken var dressyrryttare, 39 stycken var hoppryttare och 38 stycken deltog inom en övrig gren inom ridsporten. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad i användandet av psykologiska strategier mellan träning- och tävlingssammanhang, där strategierna användes mer i träningssammanhang. Resultatet visade även en signifikant skillnad i användandet av psykologiska strategier mellan grenarna i ridsport, där ryttarna inom hoppning och annan gren visade sig använda sig av mer automatisering på tävling än ryttarna inom dressyr. Dessutom fanns ett positivt signifikant samband mellan upplevd grad av prestationsnivå på tävling och användandet av psykologiska strategier. Samt ett ytterligare ett positivt signifikant samband mellan upplevd grad av prestationsnivå på träning och användandet av psykologiska strategier. Slutsatsen kunde dras att populationen använder mer psykologiska strategier i träningssammanhang samt de upplever att en hög grad av användande av psykologiska strategier resulterar i en upplevd hög grad av prestationsnivå. / A quantitative study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the extent to which psychological strategies are used by riders as well as whether there were any differences in the use of psychological strategies during training and competition and between the disciplines of the equestrian sport. Furthermore, it examined whether there was a connection between the use of psychological strategies and experienced achievement-level. To measure this a Swedish version of the self-assessment instrument Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) was used. 185 equestrians participated in the study, whence 107 of them competed in dressage, 39 of them competed in jumping and 38 of them competed in another discipline. The result showed a significant difference in the use of psychological strategies in training and competition, where the psychological strategies was used more in the training sessions. The result also showed a significant difference in the use of psychological strategies between the disciplines, it showed that the equestrians who jumped and participated in another discipline used more automaticity in competition than dressage riders. In addition, there was a positive significant relationship between the degree of perceived performance on competition and the use of psychological strategies. There were also a positive significant relationship between the degree of perceived performance on training and the use of psychological strategies. The conclusion is that the population used more psychological strategies in training sessions and they experience that a high degree of using psychological strategies results in a high degree of perceived performance.

<div>The Sentinel-1 (S1) mission is a part of the European Space Agency (ESA) Copernicus program. In 2014 and 2016, the mission launched the twin Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites, Sentinel-1A (S1A) and Sentinel-1B (S1B). The S1 mission has started a new era for earth observations missions with its higher spatial resolution, shorter revisit days, more precise control of satellites orbits and the unprecedented free-to-public distribution policy. More importantly, S1 adopts a new wide swath mode, the TOPS mode as it default acquisition mode. The TOPS mode scans several different subswaths for gaining a larger coverage. Because the S1 mission is aimed at earth observation missions, for example, earthquakes, oods, ice sheets flow, etc., thus it is desired to have large monitoring areas. Although TOPS is still a relatively new idea, the high quality data and wide application scopes from S1 has earned tremendous attention in the SAR community.</div><div><br></div><div><div>The signal properties of wide swath mode such as TOPS are different from the more conventional stripmap mode, and it requires special techniques for successfully processing such data in the sense of interferometry. For the purpose of doing Interferometric SAR (InSAR), the coregistration step is of most critical because it requires a 1/1000 accuracy. In addition, processing wide swath mode requires special steps such as bursts stitching, deramping and reramping, and so on. Compared with stripmap, the processing techniques of wide swath mode are less developed. Much exploitations are still needed for how to design a generic and robust wide swath interferometric</div><div>processing chain.</div></div><div><br></div><div><div>Driven by the application needs of S1 wide swath interferometric processing, this research studies the key methodologies, explores and implements new processing chain, designs a generic wide swath processing </div><div>flow that would utilize the existing stripmap processing platform, as well as carries out preliminary applications. For studying key methods, this study carries out a quantitative analysis between two different coregistration methods, namely the cross-correlation approach and the geometrical</div><div>approach. The advantages and disadvantages for each method are given by the author, and it is proposed to choose the suitable method based on one's study area. For the implementation of the new processing chain, the author proposes a user-friendly stripmap-like processing </div><div>ow with all the wide swath related process done behind the scene. This approach allows people with basic knowledge in InSAR and very few knowledge in wide swath mode to be able to process and get interferometric products. For designing the generic process flow, the author applied TOPS's work flow to the other wide swath mode, ScanSAR mode and demonstrated the feasibility of processing two different wide swath mode with the same processing chain.</div><div>For preliminary applications, the author shows a large number of interferometric data throughout the research and presents a case study with multi temporal time series analysis using a stack of S1 dataset.</div></div><div><br></div><div><div>This research is application oriented, which means the study serves for real-world applications. Up to now, the processing chain and methodologies implemented in this</div><div>research has been shared by many research groups around the world and has seen a number of promising outcomes. The recognition from others is also an affrmation to the value of this research.</div></div>

Burraga Swamp is a small enclosed basin at 985 m altitude in Barrington Tops, in the Eastern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia. It lies in the midst of a Nothofagus moorei cool temperate rainforest, which is at its southern limits here. The swamp is close to the boundaries between temperate rainforest, subtropical rainforest, sclerophyll forest and sub-alpine formations and may be a sensitive recorder of past changes in the vegetation. The palynology and the sediments have been studied to a depth of 6.5 metres and were dated with eleven 14C dates. The base of the sediment is about 40,000 years old. The results showed the following: From 40,000-30,000 years BP, Burraga was a lake with a very slow rate of deposition of fine grained sediments and flourishing aquatic/swamp vegetation. The dryland vegetation was an open or sparsely treed grassland/herbfield. From 30,000-21,000 years BP, the dryland vegetation remained much the same, but the aquatic vegetation disappeared. From 21,000-17,000 years BP, sandy sediments were deposited at an accelerated rate in a relatively shallow lake, culminating in a layer of gravelly sand. The vegetation was a treeless grassland between about 21,000 and 15,000 years BP. After 17,000 years BP, the rate of sediment accumulation slowed and after 15,000 years, some mesic elements appeared. Dicksonia antarctica became prominent between about 13,000 and 12,000 years BP and Nothofagus was consistently present after about 11,500 years BP. Peat deposition started about 6,500 years BP. By 6,000 years BP the cool temperate rainforest was fully developed, remaining on the site until the present. These changes suggest that the climate at 40,000 years BP was drier than the present, becoming drier and reaching maximum aridity about 17,000 years BP, when temperatures were also at their lowest. Subsequently, the temperature increased and around 15,000 years BP the climate became wetter. Maximum moistures and temperatures were reached between about 9,000 and 5,000 years BP. The climate then varied until it reached the present. Burraga extends the record of treeless vegetation over most of southeastern Australia, during the last glacial maximum, to more northerly localities than previously known.

Fractal geometry is a new branch of mathematics. This report presents the tools, methods and theory required to describe this geometry. The power of Iterated Function Systems (IFS) is introduced and applied to produce fractal images or approximate complex estructures found in nature. The focus of this thesis is on how fractal geometry can be used in applications to computer graphics or to model natural objects.

Background: What are mental methods, and what kind of utility do you have for using these techniques? Team player and individual athletes are different from the beginning by the way they do there sports, but is there similarities or is it only differences between them. These two sports that will be presented are track and field and basketball and there use of mental methods.Intention: Investigate whether there is any difference between the uses of mental techniques in an individual sport than a team sport?Method: To collect data, TOPS (Test of performance strategies) written by Thomas, Murphy &amp; Hardy (1999) questionnaire form will be the basis for the questions. TOPS is a questionnaire with 10 mental techniques, this study will focus on three of them, goal setting, visualization and pep-talk. To secure that the answers would be as properly answered as possible, were paper questionnaire given personally to every participants.Result: Mental techniques are used by athletes in both team sports and individual sports; however, there is no significant difference between the two athlete groups. The results in this study showed that goalsetting were almost used the same amount between individual athletes and team players. It was however a bigger different between the use of pep-talk and visualization, where team players used more pep-talk while individual athletes were using more the visualization technique. During a comparison between the different sports, the results showed that basketball players in this study were using more pep-talk, while the track and field, and mostly the throwers were using more of visualization.Discussion: The results that have been acknowledge in this study shows that all three mental techniques are used by both individual and team players. My personal thoughts were that the results would give opposite results about visualization and pep-talk between team sports and individual sports. The reason behind these results might be because of that team players, and by that mostly basketball players, have more use of visualize a special technique situation, like throwing a ball, while an individual athlete, in this study track and field athletes, have more use of pep-talk both before and during a race, because they might need more motivational speech to finish the race.

Vid låga mängder av DNA, vilket det ofta är vid forensiska prover, är en lyckad DNA-analys beroende av ett effektivt DNA-extraktionsprotokoll. Bland flera kommersiellt tillgängliga extraktionsmetoder för DNA har tidigare studier visat att Chelex 100 resin, som idag används på Nationellt Forensiskt Centrum i Linköping, är en snabb och enkel metod utan toxiska ämnen, långa väntetider eller större kostnader och som även ger ett högt DNA-utbyte. På teknisk mikrobiologi i Lund har olika chelex-baserade protokoll för spårsäkring och extraktion tagits fram för att optimera det aktuella protokollet på Nationellt Forensiskt Centrum. I detta arbete kombinerades spårsäkringsteknik och DNA-extraktionsprotokoll från tidigare studier med olika rör och tops, med syftet att i bästa fall generera ett protokoll som är optimalt för de vanligast förekommande brottsplatsproverna. I resultatet observerades högre DNA-utbyte med reducerade volymer lyseringsbuffert, vilket användning av rör-i-rörsystem tillät. När rör-i-rörsystem sedan kombinerades med extraktionsprotokoll innehållande SDS, observerades en ökning i DNA-utbytet. När dessa två faktorer vidare kombinerades med en tops vars skaft kan klippas rakt av ökade DNA-utbytet ytterligare. Ett byte från mikrofugrör, som används på Nationellt Forensiskt Centrum idag, till ett rör-i-rörsystem reducerar lyseringsvolymen från ca. 600 µl till 200 µl vilket är en avgörande faktor för effektivare extraktioner. / When handling low amounts of DNA, which often is the case with forensic samples, a successful DNA analysis is dependent on an effective DNA extraction protocol. Among many commercially available extraction methods for DNA, previous research has proved Chelex 100 resin, which is used at National Forensic Center in Linkoping, to be a quick and simple method without toxic substances, long waiting time or large costs, which in addition provides a high DNA exchange. At Applied Microbiology, Lund´s University, different chelex-based protocols for sampling and DNA extraction have been developed to optimize the present protocol at the National Forensic Center. In this study, sampling techniques and DNA extraction from previous studies was further combined with different tubes and swabs with the aim to, in best case, generate a protocol that is optimal for the most common crime scene samples. The results showed improved DNA yields with less extraction volume, which the tube in tube system made possible. When tube in tube system was combined with extraction protocols containing SDS, a higher DNA yield was observed. When these two factors were further combined with a cotton swab, whose shaft can be cut straight of, the DNA yield improved even more. A change from microfuge tubes, which is used at the National Forensic Center, to tube in tube system, the lysis volume could be reduced from approximately 600 µl to 200 µl which is a deciding factor for higher DNA yield.

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