The aim of the diploma thesis is to design the extension of tram line no. 12 from the current terminal station Technologicky park to the city district Brno-Medlanky. The tram track is situated on the separate road bed outside the built up urban area. Directional and elevational solution of the track is designed in several variants, after the evaluation the best variant is selected and elaborated. The diploma thesis contains the design of the tram stop and the terminal station with baloon loop, including access paths. Adjustment of the crossed road and the drainage system solution is part of the thesis as well.

The master´s thesis deals with the reconstruction design of Kyjov railway station. The solution is aimed at meeting the traffic requirements, modifying the layout of the platforms and access routes for the safe movement of people with reduced mobility and orientation. The proposal deals with rail crossing in accordance with current legislations. In this thesis is proposed renewal of drainage.

The aim of the thesis is a reconstruction of Nedvědice railway station. The thesis contains modification of track geometry parameters of the railway, reconstruction of the railway superstructure and railway substructure. Platform with the platform edge height of 550 millimetres above the top of rail was designed. Design of a railway crossings according to valid regulations is other part of thesis. The thesis also include drainage system renovation.

The diploma´s thesis deals with evaluation of adjusted track tamping technology and its comparison with currently used technology. This is based on track geometry parameters measuring and its vertical movement on the test section, which was created on double track Břeclav – Přerov near Rohatec station. On this test section one line was tamped with the currently used method within regular maintenance work and the second line was tamped with the adjusted technology. The technology modification is based on application of increased number of tamping tines squeezing strokes, which results in a creation of bigger and more compacted sleeper bed. The point of this thesis is to verify, that the speed of the track geometry parameters degradation is smaller in case of adjusted technology use. Thanks to that it would be possible to extend the maintenance cycles in case of compliance with track parameters maintenance limits and traffic safety.

Det här examensarbetet handlar om hur man med hjälp av ett skyltsystem på tre nivåskillnader, i ögonhöjd, på marknivå och på en förhöjd nivå kan underlätta navigeringen till parkeringsautomater i Stockholms innerstad. Denna studie är skriven inom ämnet Informationsdesign med inriktning mot Rumslig gestaltning. Förstagångsbesökares svårighet med att hitta till parkeringsautomater är det praktiska problem som legat till grund för detta arbete. De metoder som använts i denna studie är rumslig analys, innefattande observation samt platsanalys. Även benchmarking, kundresa, intervju, surveyundersökning samt användartest har använts för empirisk datainsamling. Studien har resulterat i ett designförslag som har i syfte att underlätta besökarnas navigering från det att de har parkerat sitt fordon till att de nått parkeringsautomaten. Detta ska medföra att färre kommer bli försenade eller missa sådant som de planerat och på så sätt kommer det även minska stressnivån för samtliga. Stressen som uppstår när en känner sig vilse ska alltså minimeras med hjälp av mitt skyltsystem. / This thesis is about how a three-level sign system; at eye level, at ground level and at an elevated level, can facilitate navigation to parking meters in Stockholm's inner city. This study is written in the field of Information Design with specialization in Spatial Design. The first-time visitor’s difficulty in finding parking meters is the practical problem that underlies this work. The methods used are spatial analysis, including observation as well as site analysis. Benchmarking, customer experience audit, interview, survey and user tests have also been used for empirical data collection. The study has resulted in a design proposal aimed at facilitating visitor’s navigation from the time they have parked their car until they have reached the parking meter. Stress that occurs when one feels lost in a city environment should be minimized with the help of my design proposal. This will result in fewer missed plans for the visitors and an overall better experience of paying for your parking in Stockholm’s inner city.

Seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre haben sich Fast-Track-Behandlungskonzepte in der Kardioanästhesie etabliert. Diese zielen darauf ab, unter Verwendung kurzwirksamer Anästhetika eine frühzeitige postoperative, tracheale Extubation der Patienten zu gewährleisten, und folgend die Dauer der postoperativen Behandlung auf der Intensivstation und im Krankenhaus sowie die Inzidenz an Komplikationen zu senken. Kernstück eines multimodalen, kardioanästhesiologischen Fast-Track-Konzeptes am Herzzentrum in Leipzig (HZL) ist eine postanästhesiologische Aufwacheinheit (PACU) mit 3 Patientenplätzen, in der Patienten postoperativ betreut werden, ohne dass eine Aufnahme auf die Intensivstation (ICU) erfolgen muss. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, den Einfluss der PACU im Rahmen des Fast-Track-Konzeptes im Vergleich zur Behandlung auf der Intensivstation zu untersuchen. Hierzu führten wir eine prospektiv-randomisierte kontrollierte Studie mit insgesamt 200 elektiven, kardiochirurgischen Patienten durch. Resultat der Studie war eine signifikant kürzere Dauer bis zur Extubation in der PACU im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe, zudem war die Verweildauer in der PACU im Median signifikant kürzer als auf der ICU. Hinsichtlich der postoperativen Mortalität und Morbidität zeigten sich keine wesentlichen Unterschiede. Hieraus lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass eine postoperative Fast-Track-Behandlung in einer dedizierten PACU im Vergleich zur ICU zur früheren Extubation und Verlegung auf die weiterversorgenden Stationen führt, ohne dass die Sicherheit der Patienten beeinträchtigt wird.:Vorbemerkung Erklärung zum wissenschaftlichen Beitrag des Promovenden zur Publikation Bibliographische Beschreibung I. Einführung I. 1. Einführung und Grundlagen der Fast-Track-Rehabilitation I. 2. Entwicklung des Fast-Track in der Kardioanästhesie (FTCA) I. 3. Wesentliche Elemente der FTCA und deren Evidenz I. 4. Fast-Track-Behandlung am Herzzentrum Leipzig I. 5. Zielstellung der Arbeit II. Publikation III. Zusammenfassung III. 1. Hintergrund III. 2. Zielsetzung III. 3. Methode III. 4. Ergebnisse III. 5. Schlussfolgerung IV. Anlagen IV. 1. Literaturverzeichnis IV. 2. Verzeichnis der verwendeten Abkürzungen IV. 3. Eigenständigkeitserklärung

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Multiple target tracking (MTT) is the process of localizing targets in an environment using sensors that perceive the environment. MTT has many applications such as wildlife monitoring, air traffic monitoring, and surveillance. These applications motivate further research in the different challenging aspects of MTT. One of these challenges that we will focus on in this dissertation is constructing a high fidelity target model. A common approach to target modeling is to use linear models or other simplified models that do not properly describe the target's pose (position and orientation), motion, and uncertainty. These simplified models are typically used because they are easy to implement and computationally efficient. A more accurate approach that improves tracking performance is to define the target model using a geometric representation of the target's natural configuration manifold. In essence, this geometric approach seeks to define a target model that can express every pose and motion of the target while preserving geometric properties such as distances and angles. We restrict our discussion of MTT to objects that move in physical space and can be modeled as a rigid body. This restriction allows us to construct generic geometric target models defined on Lie groups. Since not every Lie group has additional structure that permits vector space arithmetic like Euclidean space, many components of MTT such as data association, track initialization, track propagation and updating, track association and fusing, etc, must be adapted to work with Lie groups. The main contribution of this dissertation is the presentation of a novel MTT algorithm that implements the different MTT components to work with target models defined on Lie groups. We call this new algorithm, Geometric Multiple Target Tracking (G-MTT). This dissertation also serves as a guide on how other MTT algorithms can be modified to work with geometric target models. As part of the presentation there are various experimental results that strengthen the argument that a geometric approach to target modeling improves tracking performance.

This dissertation presents an analysis of small-scale farmers’ experiences of and responses to the Fast Track Land Reform Programme in Zimbabwe. It is argued that this topic has been understudied, especially in the geographical areas of Mushandike and Mvurwi. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative research designs. Data collection techniques include questionnaires, participant observation, life histories, interviews and focus group discussions. Theories and debates on land reform and poverty alleviation that inform this study are discussed. It was evident from the field research that small-scale farmers experienced an improvement in their quality of life as was witnessed in improved levels of income, diets, types of housing and acquired assets. Land distribution according to gender is a particular concern. Very few women own land despite the fact that they till the land. The study concludes that land reform is essential for the improvement of the lives of the landless and the rural poor. Support systems are however necessary to achieve improved livelihoods. / Dissertation (MSoSci (Development Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Anthropology and Archaeology / MSc / Unrestricted

Akutsjuksköterskans roll är att tillhandahålla omedelbar vård till människor eller att utföra en omvårdnadsåtgärd som kan förhindra att en nödsituation uppstår. Akutsjuksköterskan ska leda, initiera och samordna patientvården. Faktorer som påverkar patientsäkerheten är ledarskapet, att arbeta i team, att arbeta evidensbaserat, kommunikation, utbildning och att arbeta patientcentrerat. Rapid response system (RRS) utvecklades för att förbättra patientsäkerheten inom akutsjukvården. Det finns fyra enheter som är grundläggande för systemet. Den afferenta komponenten som omfattar av sjuksköterskan som ansvarar för identifiering av varningssignaler för kritiskt sjuka patienter och aktivering av RRS. Till sin hjälp har sjuksköterskan ett track- and triggersystem som baseras på patientens vitalparametrar för att identifiera kritiskt sjuka patienter på avdelning. De vanligaste förekommande vitalparametrarna inom akutsjukvården är: respiration, temperatur, blodtryck, hjärtfrekvens, medvetandegrad samt urinproduktion. Den efferenta komponenten är den hjälpinsats som den afferenta komponenten tillkallar vid aktivering av RRS när avvikande vitalparametrar är observerade och genererar hög poängsumma i ett track- and triggersystem alternativt på inrådan av sjuksköterskans instinktiva känsla av att patientens tillstånd försämrats. Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskans upplevelser av att arbeta utefter ett rapid response system och belysa dess påverkan på patientsäkerheten. Metoden som användes var litteraturöversikt. Databassökningar gjordes i PubMed, CINAHL och Web Of Science, vilket resulterade i att 16 artiklar inkluderades i studien. Inklusionskriterier som användes var att artikeln skulle vara publicerad på engelska, ’peer- reviewed’ och publicerade i vetenskapliga tidskrifter mellan år 2006–2016. En integrerad analysmetod användes för att finna likheter och skillnader i resultatet. I resultatet framkom det att RRS ökade identifieringen av kritiskt sjuka patienter och flertalet artiklar konstaterade att RRS minskade antalet hjärtstopp och oväntade dödsfall. I resultatet framkom svårigheter och begränsningar med att arbeta utefter RRS så som otillräcklig kompetens, hög arbetsbelastning och hierarki. Avvikande vitalparametrar togs mer på allvar jämfört med ”tysta” förändringar. Sjuksköterskorna aktiverade systemet på grund av oro relaterat till klinisk erfarenhet, trots att vitalparametrarna var normala RRS var till hjälp att hantera kritiskt sjuka patienter och fungerade som sjukhusets 112. Avdelningssjuksköterskorna upplevde att de mestadels fick stöttning av det medicinska akutvårdsteamet men tillfällen då sjuksköterskan upplevde otrevligt bemötande påverkade det beslutsfattandet av aktivering av RRS negativt framöver. Slutsatsen av denna litteraturöversikt tyder på att RRS främjar patientsäkerheten och hjälper sjuksköterskan i sitt dagliga arbete genom att främja säker vård. Sjuksköterskans upplevelser belyser gynnsamma omständigheter och upplevda svårigheter med RRS som kan användas till vidare forskning för att utveckla systemet. / The role of the emergency nurse is to provide immediate care to patients or to perform a nursing intervention that can prevent an emergency. They should lead, initiate and coordinate patient care. Factors that affect patient safety could be leadership, working in teams, evidence-based work, communication, training, or patient-centered work. Rapid response system (RRS) was developed to improve patient safety in emergency care. There are four units that are essential for the system to function. The afferent component includes the nurse who is responsible to identify warning signs if the patient is deteriorating and activate RRS. A track-and trigger system based on the patient’s vital signs is used to assist the nurse to identify deteriorating patients on wards. The most common vital signs in emergency care are: respiration, temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, consciousness and urine production. The efferent component is the relief effort that the afferent component calls for by activating RRS when abnormal vital signs are observed and generate a high score in the track-and trigger system. Alternatively, on the advice of the nurse's instinctive feeling that the patient's condition has deteriorated. The aim of this study was to highlight nurses' experiences of applying rapid response system in their work and illustrate its impact on patient safety. The method used was a literature review. Database searches were made in PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science, which resulted in 16 articles being included in the study. Inclusion criteria used were English language, ’peer-reviewed’ and published in scientific journals between the years 2006-2016. An integrated analysis was used to find similarities and differences in the results. The result showed that RRS increased identification of critically ill patients, resulting in reduced number of cardiac arrests and unexpected deaths and led to more patients being moved to a higher level of care. Difficulties or limitations that emerged were inadequate skills, high workload and hierarchy. Abnormal vital signs were taken more seriously compared to "silent" changes. The nurses sometimes activated the system due to concerns based on their clinical experience, despite vital signs being normal. RRS was a help to manage critically ill patients and served as the hospital's Department 112. The emergency medical team mostly supported the nurses, but sometimes they experienced negative attitudes, which affected the future activations negatively. The conclusion of this literature review indicates that RRS for patient safety could help nurses in their daily work by promoting safe care. The nurse's experiences highlight the favorable circumstances and perceived difficulties with the RRS, which could be used for further research to develop the system.