Este trabalho propõe introduzir conteúdos de Física, de modo a torná-los atrativos para alunos de 8ª série, através do estudo de situações divertidas, como os movimentos presentes em atividades esportivas e de lazer do seu cotidiano. Os movimentos foram filmados pelos alunos utilizando uma câmera fotográfica digital e, após, foi usado um programa de análise de imagens (Tracker). A escolha dos temas a serem filmados e analisados partiu de sugestões dos próprios alunos em sala de aula, orientados pela professora de Ciências e pelo autor dessa proposta de trabalho. As filmagens foram realizadas pelos alunos no pátio e no salão esportivo da escola; a análise dos movimentos filmados e sua descrição foram realizadas no laboratório de informática. A proposta foi aplicada no Colégio São José, de Caxias do Sul, RS, com cinco turmas de oitava série na disciplina de Ciências, durante os meses de setembro a novembro de 2008, inserindo as atividades paralelamente à apresentação dos conteúdos. Todo material desenvolvido e utilizado nesta proposta foi disponibilizado, gradualmente, no decorrer de sua aplicação na página Web do Colégio. O planejamento e a execução desta proposta foram embasados na teoria interacionista de Lev Vygotsky. Essa escolha se deu, principalmente, pelos objetivos pretendidos neste trabalho que previam que os alunos trabalhassem em grupo com a mediação dos professores, proporcionando e estimulando o gosto por aprender. A avaliação da proposta foi feita pelos alunos no final de sua aplicação através de um questionário de opinião. Segundo as respostas dos alunos, na medida em que atividades e tecnologias do seu cotidiano são utilizadas nas aulas de Física, faz com que essas se tornem mais motivadoras e interessantes. O material instrucional produzido, acompanhado de um guia de informações e orientações será publicado na série “Hipermídias de Apoio ao Professor de Física”, onde serão descritos os objetivos, a justificativa e a metodologia utilizados, com o intuito de que possam ser aplicados por outros professores associados à disciplina de Ciências da 8ª série. / This work proposes an alternative introduction of 8th grade Physics school contents through the study of Kinematics concepts present, e.g., in the students' daily sporting and leisure activities, in order to make these concepts more attractive and motivating to them. The situations have been registered in the schoolyard and gymnasium by the students themselves using a digital camera. The videoclips were then analyzed using an image analysis software (Tracker) in the school's computer laboratory. The subjects on the videoclips were selected among students' suggestions and assisted by the Science class teacher together with the author. The proposal has been carried out in Colégio São José, of Caxias do Sul, RS, with five different groups of 8th graders during Science classes, from September to November of 2008, these activities being alternated with regular classes. All material developed and used in the proposal was made available, during its application, on the School's Webpage. The planning and execution of this proposal are oriented along the social interaction theory of Lev Vygotsky. This choice is mainly motivated by the goal of promoting collaborative students work, intermediated by the teachers, providing and stimulating the taste for learning. The students evaluated the work by its conclusion through an opinion questionnaire. According to the students' answers to the questionnaire, when their daily activities were introduced in the Physics classes making use of available technology through electronic and computer devices, the Physics learning was rendered more interesting and motivating. The instructional material produced during the project application together with an information guide orienting other 8th grade Science teachers on its application will be published in the series “Hipermídias de Apoio ao Professor de Física”, where aims and methodology will also be described.

Submitted by LUCAS ARRUDA RAMALHO null (lucasarrudaramalho@gmail.com) on 2018-03-14T22:14:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ramalho_Tese_2018.pdf: 8417019 bytes, checksum: 0b39588579fa6ac3abad291909bc4662 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-03-15T14:45:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ramalho_la_dr_ilha.pdf: 8417019 bytes, checksum: 0b39588579fa6ac3abad291909bc4662 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T14:45:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ramalho_la_dr_ilha.pdf: 8417019 bytes, checksum: 0b39588579fa6ac3abad291909bc4662 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A evolução dos Multi Gigabit Transceivers (MGT) nos Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) trouxeram oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de aquisição e formatadores de dados em diversas áreas. As novas famílias de FPGAs são capazes de lidar com canais de transmissão com velocidade da ordem de Gbps que utilizam protocolos seriais de alta velocidade, podendo assim se tornar o futuro dos processadores downstream ou upstream. Os sistemas digitais criados para esse propósito, precisam ser confiáveis e síncronos entre dezenas de canais e placas. Como forma de permitir o teste de projetos com essa taxa massiva de bits, essa tese descreve o desenvolvimento do Data Sourcing System (DSS). Esse sistema deve ser capaz de testar qualquer application upstream ou downstream, permitir controle e acesso remoto aos sinais internos dos FPGAs, medir sincronismo e latência entre MGTs e avaliar integridade de links através de bit error rate (BER). Este trabalho faz parte de uma colaboração internacional liderada pelo Fermilab que propôs, com a contribuição do sistema descrito nesta tese, um sistema de trigger de nível 1 para o Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Outer Tracker. O dectetor CMS é um experimento vinculado ao European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). O DSS foi implementado sobre a placa Pulsar 2b, uma placa padrão Advanced Telecommunication Computing Architecture (ATCA), desenvolvida pelo Fermilab, que conta com um dispositivo FPGA para programação e costumização de aplicações. O setup de hardware utilizado foi construído sobre dois bastidores ATCA com 12 placas Pulsares 2b em cada. A taxa de dados máxima atingida foi de 3.84 Tbps entre os dois bastidores ATCAs. O DSS está operacional e foi utilizado para emular o fluxo de dados de saída do CMS Silicon Outer Tracker, e auxiliar na demonstração da proposta trigger de nível 1. Esta tese descreve essa demonstração como estudo de caso, que testa o formatador de dados do trigger (downstream) através do DSS e- mulando a saída de dados do detector. Nesse estudo de caso, tanto o DSS e o trigger proposto foram implementados utilizando o mesmo hardware ATCA e a Pulsar 2b. O foco do estudo de caso é descrever a comunicação entre o Data Sourcing shelf e o Pattern Recognition shelf. O DSS atendeu aos requisitos da demonstração provendo uma interface de usuário que permite aos desenvolvedores de trigger inserir sinais de controle e executar operações de leitura e escrita de forma remota nos FPGAs. / The evolution of Fiel Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Multi Gigabit Transceivers (MGT) brought opportunities for data formatter and data acquisition projects in several areas. The newer FPGA families are capable of handling Gigabits per second (Gbps) I/Os implemented using high speed serial link protocols and to become the future downstream processors. The digital systems created for that purpose need to be reliable and synchronous between dozens of channels and boards. To allow the test of such massive bitrate projects, this work implemented the Data Sourcing System (DSS) e- mulator that is able to produce synchronized data in 12 boards, 480 channels, delivering up to 8 Gbps for each of them. This work is part of a international collaboration, led by Fermilab, that proposed with the contribuition of the system described in this thesis, a Level 1 (L1) tri- gger for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Outer Tracker. The CMS detector is an European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) experiment. The DSS is based on the Pulsar 2b, a custom Advanced Telecommunication Computing Architecture (ATCA) standard FPGA-based board designed by Fermilab to be a scalable high speed link processor system. This hardware setup was implemented at Fermilab using two interconnected ATCA shelves with 12 Pulsar 2b on both. The results show that the system is able to provide data at 3.8 Terabits per second (Tbps), and to measure synchronization, latency and bit error rate of the MGTs. The system is operational and was already used to emulate the CMS Silicon Tracker data, and helped the demonstration of a L1 Trigger approach. This thesis describes the demonstration performed as case of study, which used the DSS as upstream system and tested the trigger data delivery as a downstream. In the case of study, both DSS and the proposed trigger are performed by the same ATCA hardware and the Pulsar 2b. The case of study focused to describe the communication between the Data Sourcing shelf and the Pattern Recognition shelf. Data Sourcing reached those requirements for the demonstration and provided a user interface that allows the trigger developers to insert control signals or to perform W/R operations inside Pulsar 2b FPGA block memories.

Dans notre communication quotidienne avec les autres, nous avons autant de considération pour l’interlocuteur lui-même que pour l’information transmise. En permanence coexistent en effet deux modes de transmission : le verbal et le non-verbal. Sur ce dernier thème intervient principalement l’expression faciale avec laquelle l’interlocuteur peut révéler d’autres émotions et intentions. Habituellement, un processus de reconnaissance d’émotions faciales repose sur 3 étapes : le suivi du visage, l’extraction de caractéristiques puis la classification de l’expression faciale. Pour obtenir un processus robuste apte à fournir des résultats fiables et exploitables, il est primordial d’extraire des caractéristiques avec de forts pouvoirs discriminants (selon les zones du visage concernées). Les avancées récentes de l’état de l’art ont conduit aujourd’hui à diverses approches souvent bridées par des temps de traitement trop couteux compte-tenu de l’extraction de descripteurs sur le visage complet ou sur des heuristiques mathématiques et/ou géométriques.En fait, aucune réponse bio-inspirée n’exploite la perception humaine dans cette tâche qu’elle opère pourtant régulièrement. Au cours de ces travaux de thèse, la base de notre approche fut ainsi de singer le modèle visuel pour focaliser le calcul de nos descripteurs sur les seules régions du visage essentielles pour la reconnaissance d’émotions. Cette approche nous a permis de concevoir un processus plus naturel basé sur ces seules régions émergentes au regard de la perception humaine. Ce manuscrit présente les différentes méthodologies bio-inspirées mises en place pour aboutir à des résultats qui améliorent généralement l’état de l’art sur les bases de référence. Ensuite, compte-tenu du fait qu’elles se focalisent sur les seules parties émergentes du visage, elles améliorent les temps de calcul et la complexité des algorithmes mis en jeu conduisant à une utilisation possible pour des applications temps réel. / Communication in any form i.e. verbal or non-verbal is vital to complete various daily routine tasks and plays a significant role inlife. Facial expression is the most effective form of non-verbal communication and it provides a clue about emotional state, mindset and intention. Generally automatic facial expression recognition framework consists of three step: face tracking, feature extraction and expression classification. In order to built robust facial expression recognition framework that is capable of producing reliable results, it is necessary to extract features (from the appropriate facial regions) that have strong discriminative abilities. Recently different methods for automatic facial expression recognition have been proposed, but invariably they all are computationally expensive and spend computational time on whole face image or divides the facial image based on some mathematical or geometrical heuristic for features extraction. None of them take inspiration from the human visual system in completing the same task. In this research thesis we took inspiration from the human visual system in order to find from where (facial region) to extract features. We argue that the task of expression analysis and recognition could be done in more conducive manner, if only some regions are selected for further processing (i.e.salient regions) as it happens in human visual system. In this research thesis we have proposed different frameworks for automatic recognition of expressions, all getting inspiration from the human vision. Every subsequently proposed addresses the shortcomings of the previously proposed framework. Our proposed frameworks in general, achieve results that exceeds state-of-the-artmethods for expression recognition. Secondly, they are computationally efficient and simple as they process only perceptually salient region(s) of face for feature extraction. By processing only perceptually salient region(s) of the face, reduction in feature vector dimensionality and reduction in computational time for feature extraction is achieved. Thus making them suitable for real-time applications.

Este trabalho propõe introduzir conteúdos de Física, de modo a torná-los atrativos para alunos de 8ª série, através do estudo de situações divertidas, como os movimentos presentes em atividades esportivas e de lazer do seu cotidiano. Os movimentos foram filmados pelos alunos utilizando uma câmera fotográfica digital e, após, foi usado um programa de análise de imagens (Tracker). A escolha dos temas a serem filmados e analisados partiu de sugestões dos próprios alunos em sala de aula, orientados pela professora de Ciências e pelo autor dessa proposta de trabalho. As filmagens foram realizadas pelos alunos no pátio e no salão esportivo da escola; a análise dos movimentos filmados e sua descrição foram realizadas no laboratório de informática. A proposta foi aplicada no Colégio São José, de Caxias do Sul, RS, com cinco turmas de oitava série na disciplina de Ciências, durante os meses de setembro a novembro de 2008, inserindo as atividades paralelamente à apresentação dos conteúdos. Todo material desenvolvido e utilizado nesta proposta foi disponibilizado, gradualmente, no decorrer de sua aplicação na página Web do Colégio. O planejamento e a execução desta proposta foram embasados na teoria interacionista de Lev Vygotsky. Essa escolha se deu, principalmente, pelos objetivos pretendidos neste trabalho que previam que os alunos trabalhassem em grupo com a mediação dos professores, proporcionando e estimulando o gosto por aprender. A avaliação da proposta foi feita pelos alunos no final de sua aplicação através de um questionário de opinião. Segundo as respostas dos alunos, na medida em que atividades e tecnologias do seu cotidiano são utilizadas nas aulas de Física, faz com que essas se tornem mais motivadoras e interessantes. O material instrucional produzido, acompanhado de um guia de informações e orientações será publicado na série “Hipermídias de Apoio ao Professor de Física”, onde serão descritos os objetivos, a justificativa e a metodologia utilizados, com o intuito de que possam ser aplicados por outros professores associados à disciplina de Ciências da 8ª série. / This work proposes an alternative introduction of 8th grade Physics school contents through the study of Kinematics concepts present, e.g., in the students' daily sporting and leisure activities, in order to make these concepts more attractive and motivating to them. The situations have been registered in the schoolyard and gymnasium by the students themselves using a digital camera. The videoclips were then analyzed using an image analysis software (Tracker) in the school's computer laboratory. The subjects on the videoclips were selected among students' suggestions and assisted by the Science class teacher together with the author. The proposal has been carried out in Colégio São José, of Caxias do Sul, RS, with five different groups of 8th graders during Science classes, from September to November of 2008, these activities being alternated with regular classes. All material developed and used in the proposal was made available, during its application, on the School's Webpage. The planning and execution of this proposal are oriented along the social interaction theory of Lev Vygotsky. This choice is mainly motivated by the goal of promoting collaborative students work, intermediated by the teachers, providing and stimulating the taste for learning. The students evaluated the work by its conclusion through an opinion questionnaire. According to the students' answers to the questionnaire, when their daily activities were introduced in the Physics classes making use of available technology through electronic and computer devices, the Physics learning was rendered more interesting and motivating. The instructional material produced during the project application together with an information guide orienting other 8th grade Science teachers on its application will be published in the series “Hipermídias de Apoio ao Professor de Física”, where aims and methodology will also be described.

L’expérience ALICE au LHC étudie le plasma de quarks gluons (PQG), état de la matière où quarks et gluons existent à l’état déconfinés. Une des sondes utilisée pour explorer cet état est l’étude de plusieurs résonances (ρ, ω, ф, J/ψ et Ƴ) via leur canal de désintégration dimuonique, à l’aide d’un spectromètre à muons couvrant les pseudo-rapidités -4 < η < -2.5. La première partie de la thèse se focalise sur les mésons vecteurs de basses masses (ρ, ω et ф) . Elle concerne l’analyse des données récoltées en 2010 en collisions pp à √s = 7 TeV et Pb-Pb à √sNN = 2.76 TeV. Les mésons vecteurs de basses masses sont des outils intéressants pour sonder le PQG grâce à leurs faibles durées de vie et leur canal de désintégration dimuonique non affecté par les interactions dans l’état final. Les taux de production et fonctions spectrales de ces mésons sont modifiées par le milieu hadronique chaud et le PQG. En collisions pp, les distributions du ф, du (ρ+ω) en fonction de l’impulsion transverse ainsi que les sections efficaces et sections efficaces différentielles de production des différents mésons ont été extraites. L’analyse en collisions Pb-Pb ainsi que ses perspectives sont également présentées. La seconde partie de la thèse concerne le futur de l’expérience ALICE et les plans d’amélioration des détecteurs pour l’horizon 2017. Une étude de faisabilité pour l’ajout d’un trajectographe en pixels de Silicium (MFT) à l’avant de l’absorbeur hadronique dans l’acceptance du spectromètre à muons est présentée. Les performances et améliorations apportées par le MFT dans différents canaux de physique ont été étudiées en simulation / ALICE experiment at LHC studies the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), a particular state of matter where quarks and gluons are deconfined. A probe to explore this state is the study of several resonances (ρ, ω, ф, J/ψ and Ƴ) through their dimuon decay channel, with a muon spectrometer covering pseudo-rapidity -4 < η < -2.5. In the first part of this thesis, the focus is on light vector mesons (ρ, ω and ф) and their analysis in the 2010 data, in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV. Light vector mesons are powerful tools to probe the QGP due to their short lifetime and their dimuon decay channel. Indeed, leptons have negligible final state interactions. Production rates and spectral functions of those mesons are modified by the hot hadronic and QGP medium. In pp collisions, pT distributions, production cross sections and pT-differential cross sections of the different mesons have been extracted. The Pb-Pb analysis and its prospects are also presented. The second part of the thesis concerns ALICE upgrades plans of year 2017. A feasibility study for a Muon Forward Tracker (MFT) in Silicon pixels located upstream of the hadronic absorber, in the spectrometer acceptance, was performed. Performances and improvements brought by the MFT on several physics cases were in simulations

No description available.

Suite à la détection du très attendu boson de Higgs, le Grand Collisionneur de Hadrons (LHC) ainsi que le détecteur ATLAS se prépare pour une importante mise à niveau. Prévu pour le LHC à Haute Luminosité (HL-LHC), le ITk (Inner TracKer), un trajectomètre pour particules chargées fait de silicium, est la mise à niveau du détecteur interne du détecteur ATLAS. Une phase de test des modules de détecteur du ITk est cruciale puisque le détecteur sera inaccessible pour environ 10 ans suite à l’installation. Ce mémoire se concentrera sur les tests effectués sur un sous-ensemble du détecteur ITk, soit le détecteur ITk Strip. Pour détecter les bris prématurés sur les 20 000 modules qui seront produits, une procédure de cyclage thermique sera mise en oeuvre, où les modules seront refroidis et réchauffés pour recréer les 10 ans d’opération. Ces tests seront effectués dans une enceinte appelé coldbox. Le thème de ce mémoire est le calcul du stress mécanique dans les modules ITk Strip induit par la procédure de cyclage thermique à l’aide de la méthode des éléments finis. Le premier résultat obtenu est que le stress induit dans le module installé dans le coldbox est causé par le vide appliqué sous le module pour le tenir en place. De plus, le stress maximal durant le cyclage thermique est grandement dépendant de l’épaisseur du joint sous-vide utilisé. Ainsi, un joint plus mince cause un stress plus faible. Finalement, le stress dans le coldbox est entre 20 MPa et 100 MPa variant avec l’épaisseur du joint, ce qui est en accord avec le stress calculé pour une disposition semblable au détecteur final, donnant un stress de 64.8MPa. Il est donc possible de conclure que le coldbox est un bon candidat pour effectuer le cyclage thermique. / Following the great achievement by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Col- lider (LHC) that is the detection of the long-awaited Higgs boson, an upgrade of the LHC is planned, requiring an upgrade of ATLAS. Planned for the High-Luminosity LHC, the ITk (Inner TracKer), an all-silicon charged particle tracker, is the upgrade of the current ATLAS Inner Detector. Testing of the detector modules comprised in the ITk is crucial because the detector will be inaccessible for approximately 10 years following the installation. In this thesis, the focus will be kept on a subset of the ITk detector, namely the ITk Strip detector. To detect premature failure in the 20 000 Strip modules that will be produced, a series of tests will be performed, one of which will be the thermal cycling, where modules are monitored while being thermally cycled to replicate 10 years of operating conditions. These tests will occur in a special enclosure known as a coldbox. The subject of this work is to study the induced mechanical stress in future ITk Strip detector modules due to thermal cycling using Finite Element Analysis. Our first result is that the stress created in the module is mostly due to the vacuum applied to hold the module. Moreover, the maximum stress felt during thermal cycling is highly dependent on the thickness of the vacuum seal used: A thinner seal causes a lower stress. Finally, the stress in the module in our thermal cycling setup is between ∼ 20 MPa and ∼ 100 MPa depend- ing on the selected seal thickness, which is consistent with the stress expected in the final detector design which is approximately 64.8MPa. We can then conclude that the proposed design for the coldbox is a good candidate to perform thermal cycling.

This diploma thesis entitled Design and realization of a mobile photovoltaic power plant is dividet into two parts. In the first, theoretical part one can learn about the state of representation of renewable energy sources in the field of electrical power engineering and about the structure of photovoltaic power station systems. The secont part of this thesis is focused on the own design and realization of the mobile photovoltaic power plant, on the selection of individual suitable components and ther dimensioning. In addition, a model of a mobile power plant has been created, on the basis of which the power plant was constructed. Finally, one can find a source code analysis of a power plant monitoring using a microcontroler

This master's thesis deals with analysis and implementation of methods for BitTorrent monitoring focusing on the Mainline DHT protocol. The aim of the thesis was to create a system, that will be looking for BitTorrent peers that participe in the illegal file distribution. Another task of the system was to collect and analyze data for counting size of the BitTorrent network. That was achieved by taking over of existing method. The system was designed and implemented as a module for monitoring of cybernetic crime. It also defines an interface for storing and sharing data, that provides data evaluation, easy data manipulation and serves for possible future extensions.

Solar parks are increasingly getting a larger market share of PV installations over the world, and have for the last couple of years managed to establish itself in the Swedish market. The market has for a long time been known for its decline in module prices, which has allowed an emergence of more efficient PV-techniques such as one-axis trackers and bifacial modules. Bifacial modules use the backside of modules for improved utiliziation of incoming light, while one-axis trackers have the ability to track the sun in order to maximise light absorption. These innovations have now caught the interest of companies willing to invest in large-scale PV-farms, where efficient land use is highly regarded. The aim of this thesis was to examine how bifacial modules and one-axis trackers perform in terms of system performance and profitabilty if implemented in 'Solpark Fyrislund', a solar park owned by Vasakronan AB. This was done by modelling and simulating cases in which said techniques were incorporated. The data was later used to estimate profitabilty of each investigated case. Results showed that the highest system performance and profitability was achieved by installing bifacial modules on the site. One-axis trackers are currently too expensive, require higher maintenance and has a higher demand for land, resulting in its profitability not being justified. It was also found that the current configuration could be optimized further for higher profit, by slightly reducing the pitch as well as increasing the tilt of the existing modules. The study should be followed up by further investigating the use of backtracking for one-axis trackers. Said innovations should also be more established in the Swedish market so that CAPEX- and OPEX prices become more accessible.