The new railway signaling system ERTMS, European Rail Traffic Management System, will be introduced in all the railway tracks in Sweden, due to the Swedish railway legislation. The implementation of ERTMS in Sweden is performed by Trafikverket and two pilot projects have been done. Now the experiences from the traffic managements for these pilot tracks must be preserved. The purpose of this master thesis was to identify key aspects to facilitate the implementation of ERTMS for the traffic management in Sweden. The main task was to collect the experiences from the introduction of ERTMS on the pilot tracks from the traffic management in Ånge and Boden. The problems that occurred before, during and after the implementation process of ERTMS on the pilot tracks have been identified and further recommendations have been developed for how these problems can be avoided and managed in the upcoming implementation of the remaining tracks in Sweden. The main contribution of the thesis is recommendations to Trafikverket on how to facilitate the ERTMS implementation process for the traffic management. The key recommendations are: That the technology works and that the traffic management has the opportunity to influence the development of new versions of the system. That the traffic management should be informed about the project and involved in the implementation process. That the education and practice for the traffic management in ERTMS will satisfy their need in terms of adapted material and that they have access to an ERTMS simulator. If Trafikverket takes into consideration the problems that have occurred and work out solutions for how to manage and avoid them in the upcoming implementation of ERTMS in Sweden, the outcome should be successful.

Dålig kommunikation, uteblivet samarbete, dåliga alternativa lösningar till resenärerna vid trafikstörningar gör att resenärerna riskerar att bli missnöjda. Följden kan bli att tågtrafiken tappar resenärer. Varje trafikhuvudman är ansvarig för resenärerna. Formen på trafikavtal mellan trafikhuvudmännen och järnvägsföretag skapar en struktur på ansvarsfördelningen av olika komponenter. Jag har studerat problematiken genom intervjuer och enkätundersökningar hos Danske Statsbaner (DSB i fortsättningen) Småland AB där jag jobbar som trafikledare. Jönköpings länstrafik (JLT i fortsättningen) förhåller sig till DSB Småland med ett trafikavtal. Hos JLT fick jag möjligheten att intervjua trafikledare hos Jönköpings länstrafik samt studera kopior på kundklagomål. Men eftersom helheten inte enbart handlar om just DSB Småland och Jönköpings länstrafik, har jag valt att ta med mig åsikter från Deutsche Bahn (DB i fortsättningen) Regios trafikledning. Utifrån all information som jag har samlat med hjälp av engagerade människor i de olika organisationerna, dokumentation från den valda organisationen, DSB Småland och egna erfarenheter, har jag kommit fram till följande: Enskilt ansvarstagande och gemensamt ansvar över organisationsgränserna behövs. Idag saknas detta vilket kan resultera i att varje organisation arbetar för att rädda sig själv utan att titta på helheten och den gemensamma nämnaren – resenären. Med starkare enskilt ansvarstagande och gemensamt ansvar över organisationsgränserna kommer helheten att handla om just resenären, samtidigt som det kan leda till resursbesparingar. Samarbete mellan organisationerna behövs, det existerar inte idag. Utan organiserat samarbete är risken att varje organisation begränsar sig till det som står i avtalet med länstrafiken utan att intressera sig för resenären. Ju mer samarbete mellan organisationerna desto fler nöjda kunder. Kommunikationen mellan organisationerna om uppkomna problem är bristfällig idag. Dålig kommunikation mellan organisationerna leder till slöseri av miljöresurser och andra tillgångar, samt till missnöjda kunder. Tydligare och djupare kommunikation ger samtliga organisationer möjlighet till utökat antal resande, sparade resurser och ökad hållbarhet i tågtrafiken. För att uppnå bättre kvalitet i tågtrafiken, mer hållbar tågtrafik, starkare samarbete och bättre kommunikation, behövs det erfarenhetsutbyte mellan de operativa arbetsledningarna i varje organisation. / Passengers get dissatisfied because of poor communication and bad co-operation between railway companies. The alternative solutions to the passengers at the traffic disruptions are not the best, which causes traveler dissatisfaction. The risk is that passengers choose other ways of transport. Each transport organizer is responsible for the passengers. The form of the operating agreements between transport authorities and rail companies creates a structure for the responsibilities of the different components. This is also part of the problem leading to unhappy customers. I have studied this problem through interviews and surveys at DSB Småland where I work asa traffic controller. Jönköping County relates to the DSB Småland with a contract. I have hadthe opportunity to interview dispatchers in Jönköping County and to take part of customer complaints. But the big picture is not only about DSB Småland and Jönköping County. Consequently I have chosen to also include opinions from the DB-Regional traffic. Dedicated people from the different organizations have helped me to collect the information needed. Documentation of the selected organization the DSB Småland and my personal experience has helped me to formulate some conclusions: Individual responsibility and mutual responsibility across organizational boundaries is important and it does not exist today. That may result in each organization working to save itself without looking at the big picture. Greater individual responsibility and collective responsibility across organizational boundaries will lead to focus on the passengers and it can result in saving resources. Collaboration between organizations, which does not exist today, is needed. Without organized cooperation, the risk will be that each organization can be held to the agreement with the county traffic without any further interest towards the traveler. The more cooperation between the organizations, the more satisfied customers. Communication between the organizations on the problems encountered needs to be improved. Poor communication between organizations leads to waste of environmental resources and other assets, and leads to dissatisfied customers. Better communication gives all organizations the possibility of increasing the number of passengers, to save resources and leads to increased sustainability in train traffic. It takes exchange of experiences between railway companies to achieve better quality of train services, more sustainable rail services to all, stronger collaboration and deep and straightforward communication.

Well-functioning and competitive transport systems are of great importance for Sweden’s economic growth. The railway system has a central role in this matter. Furthermore, the Swedish railway system plays an important part in achieving international and national goals, such as Agenda 2030 and the Swedish transport policy goals. The railway industry is currently being digitized to a further extent. The railway is becoming increasingly connected and data is generated and collected continuously. This study aims to explore the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), with a focus on machine learning and optimization, on the Swedish railway system, to achieve strategic goals. The focus is mainly on sustainability and economic aspects. Potential challenges and how to overcome them are also studied. To achieve the purpose of the study a case study of Stockholm’s commuter rail has been used.  To explore the aim, a literature study together with interviews has been conducted. The literature study consists of a background explanation of the railway industry and Stockholm’s commuter rail, as well as how AI applications can be implemented. The interviews have been held with key players in the Stockholm commuter rail industry, along with experts and scientists. These have given valuable information regarding their thoughts on the potential of AI in the railway industry. The result shows that AI has the potential to improve maintenance and traffic management and thereby create a more attractive and efficient operation of the Stockholm commuter rail industry. Further, this may lead to achieving strategic goals: international, national and commuter rail related goals. Due to the limitation of this thesis, it is difficult to draw conclusions based on the results regarding specific methods and algorithms that would be best suited for applications in the railway. Several challenges were identified for using AI to achieve strategic goals. To overcome these challenges, a combination of various actions is needed. Based on the results it is clarified that the industry is permeated of willpower, but that sufficient investments and initiatives are still largely lacking to overcome the challenges that exist in Stockholm’s commuter rail traffic.

Business Intelligence, BI, is a tool for collecting, analysing and transforming data into useful information, information which is supposed to help making decisions and controlling a business’s operations. Business Intelligence leads to increased efficiency and optimizing the decision making within the organisation or its functions. It is designed to support the operator so that decisions are made quickly and accurately. The purpose of this study is to deliver a specification of requirements of value-adding information in a decision support system used by traffic coordinators at SJ. In order to reach the purpose, the qualitative study was designed in three steps, identification, prioritization and information analysis. The project was defined only to take one specific process in consideration: error-searching caused by vehicle damage. The study was initiated with interviews, observations and workshops and ended with an analysis of XOD, the current base of information. The study resulted in a specification of requirements, containing 21 different types of important information. Out of the 21 types of information currently existing in XOD, only about 52 % was considered value adding for the specific process. Besides that, the traffic coordinators experienced missing information, which was added in the specification of requirements. The heavy amounts of information was shown to be too much to take in consideration at once, which led to the conclusion that the business intelligence needs to be automated in order to optimize the decision making process. / Ett beslutsstöd är ett verktyg som samlar in, analyserar och omvandlar data till värdefull och agerbar information. Informationen utgör i sin tur en grund för beslutsfattning och styrning av en verksamhet. Ett beslutsstöd leder till effektivisering och optimering av beslutsfattandet inom organisationen och dess funktioner. Det finns i största mån till för att stötta medarbetaren i beslutsprocessen så att beslut fattas snabbt och korrekt. Syftet med denna studie är att leverera en kravlista på vilken information som är värdeskapande i ett beslutsstöd anpassat för rollen Trafiksamordnare på SJs Trafikledning. För att besvara syftet delades den kvalitativa studien upp i tre delar, nämligen identifiering, prioritering och informationsanalys. Projektet avgränsades till störningar orsakade av fordonsskador och den specifika process som initieras med felsökning av Driftstöd. Studien inleddes med intervjuer, observationer samt workshops och avslutades med en analys av XOD, det beslutsunderlag som medarbetarna har tillgång till idag. Resultatet som erhölls var en kravlista med 21 informationssegment, lika många som XOD innehöll vid studiens början. Av de inledande 21 informationssegmenten klassades dock enbart 52 % som värdeskapande samtidigt som det visade sig att medarbetarna upplevde att de saknade information. Mängden information som bedömts värdeskapande i den specifika processen är för stor för användaren att hantera på ett optimalt fungerande sätt. Projektets slutsats innebar därför att beslutsstödet helt eller delvis måste automatiseras för att underlätta beslutsprocessen för användaren.

Inom svenska järnvägen skapas en stor mängd information om hur objekt så som växlar och spårledningar beter sig, i form av dataloggar. Dessa används i dagsläget mycket sparsamt, trots sin stora potential till analys. Detta arbete ämnar utforma mjukvara som kan förädla dessa loggar och extrahera användbar information om banobjektens nuvarande och framtida tillstånd. Detta kan höja säkerheten och förebygga fel och på så vis minimera oplanerade driftstopp och kostsamma byten eller nödreparationer av utrustning. Arbetet resulterade i en mjukvara framtagen i Python som läser in loggar av godtycklig storlek och detekterar atypiska beteenden i ett flertal kategorier av banobjekt. Mjukvaran fungerar även som ett verktyg för mer användarvänlig hantering av dessa loggar, varur användaren kan sammanställa och presentera information som annars vore svårtillgänglig. / In the Swedish rail network, a large amount of information is generated regarding the behaviours of various objects such as switches and track circuits, which is then stored in logs. Currently, these logs are severely underused despite their great potential for analysis. The purpose of this project is to develop a software which can refine these logs and extract useful information about the current and future states of the objects. This can increase operational safety and prevent faults from occurring, thereby minimizing unplanned downtime and costly replacements or reparations of equipment. The project results in a software developed in Python which reads logs of an arbitrary size and detects atypical behaviours in several different categories of objects. The software also acts as a tool for more user-friendly handling of these logs, offering the ability to compile and present information which would otherwise be difficult to access.