The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of different in-season strength and power training frequencies to strength and power performance over the course of a 22 week rugby league competition period. Twenty-eight male (n=28) participants, with both high and low strength pre-training status, were divided into three groups following a 15 week pre-season strength and power training programme. A four week periodised in-season strength and power training programme, with intensities ranging from 75-100%, was cycled for the 22 week competition season. Strength and power training was conducted one day.week(-1) by the first high pre-training status group (HTFL, n=11), and two day.week(-1) by the second high pre-training status group (HTF2, n=9). The low pre-training status group (LTF1, n=8) performed the same strength and power training frequency and programme as HTF1. Training intensity (% 1RM) and volume (sets x repetitions) of in-season strength and power training sessions were standardised for both groups during each training week. Strength, power, and speed data were collected pre-season, and four times during the in-season period. No differences were found between HTF1 and HTF2 in performance variables throughout the 22-week in-season period. Both HTF1 and HTF2 displayed similar significant detraining effects in strength, power, and speed, regardless of in-season training frequency (p<0.05). LTF1 showed no change from pre-season strength and power performance following 22 weeks of the competition period (p<0.05). It was concluded that in-season strength and power training frequency may have a limited role in determining the success of the in-season strength and power training programme in highly trained footballers. The results of the present study suggest a number of factors other than in-season strength and power training frequency may affect in-season strength and power performance and detraining in high strength pre-training status athletes. The effect the start of a competition period has on dynamic athletic performance needs further investigation.

Background: In strength sports, athletes must take several training variables into consideration whencreating a training program. One of the ground pillars is training frequency, but there is a lackof research done on competitive powerlifters. Therefore, the purpose of this study was toinvestigate the corelation between training frequency and performance, measured as Wilksscore, in competition for powerlifters. Methods: An online questionnaire was sent out through various social media platforms to activepowerlifters, with the purpose of gathering sufficient information on their training habits andcompetition scores. A total of 80 subjects followed through with the survey, but only 48 metthe final inclusion criteria. Participants were divided into three groups based on their trainingfrequency; separate groups were created for the different lifts. Total frequency was dived intothe groups (3, 4, &gt;4) sessions per week, squat frequency into (1,2, &gt;2), bench press (2,3,&gt;3),deadlift (1,2,&gt;2). Results: As the p-value of all the tests are larger than the alpha value (0,0125) there is no apparentdifference between the groups that can be attributed to the training frequency. Duringsubgroup analysis, there were no other significant correlations between Wilks score andcompetitive age, training frequency or training intensity. However, there was a trend for ancorrelation between training volume a slight effect on the total Wilks score (P = 0,077). Conclusion: Training frequency may not be an important factor for powerlifters after 1-2 sessions and aftera certain threshold of volume has been reached. However, a higher training frequency mayallow for higher training volumes which previous research has found favourable. Moreresearch over a longer time span is still needed.

Title: Assessment of the effect of CDP training in patient after lower extremity amputation Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the influence of the individually set training programme on the computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) NeuroCom Smart EquiTest System (further referred to as EquiTest) independent of traditional therapeutic exercises in the patient after unilateral transfemoral amputation of the lower limb and to monitor the effect of this training on postural behaviour, ability of functional mobility and balance, frequency of falls and balance confidence in an individual after amputation. Methods: This is an experimental pilot case study that monitors the effect of an individually designed five-week training programme (with a frequency of exercises 2 times a week) on the EquiTest in one patient after unilateral transfemoral amputation of the lower limb. Examination of postural functions was performed by the EquiTest using SOT, MCT, and LOS tests. The ability of functional mobility and balance was tested using the functional Timed up and go test (TUG). The frequency of falls was detected from the proband's medical history. The balance confidence was determined using the Activities specific balance confidence scale (ABC). All measurements were made in two terms, i.e....

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between autonomous motivation and training frequency. The study conducted was a cross sectional study in the form of a digital questionnaire survey, in which the participants filled in three different self assessment questionnaires that measured dispositional mindfulness (FFMQ), Autonomous motivation (BREQ-4) and average training frequency during a 7-day period (GODIN). The selection of participants consisted of 134 individuals (73.9% women and 26.1% men) between the ages of 18-58 (M = 39.61; SD = 11.6). The result of the study was non-significant, which indicates that dispositional mindfulness does not moderate the relationship between autonomous motivation and training frequency. The relationship between these three variables is in previous studies relatively underrepresented, therefore more studies (e.g. experimental and longitudinal studies) should be conducted to be able to draw a definitive conclusion about the effect mindfulness has on the relationship between motivation and training frequency. Since this study diminishes the statement of training frequency being positively affected by mindfulness, future studies could suggestively shift focus and conduct deeper investigations about whether mindfulness affects other aspects of training (e.g. performance or regulation of emotions). This study does not indicate any practical implications, but in the long term, the result of this study could be used as a building block to conclude how mindfulness could be a useful and low-cost tool for sustainable practice of physical activity in the long term, which WHO (2020) demands. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka huruvida dispositionell mindfulness kan moderera självbestämmande motivation gentemot motionsmängd. Undersökningen som genomfördes var en digital enkätundersökning i tvärsnittsdesign, där samtliga deltagare under ett tillfälle fyllde i tre olika formulär som representerade respektive variabel, det vill säga dispositionell mindfulness (FFMQ), självbestämmande motivation (BREQ-4) och genomsnittlig motionsmängd på en sju dagars-period (GODIN). Urvalet bestod av 134 individer (73,9% kvinnor och 26.1% män) mellan åldrarna 18-58 (M = 39.61; SD = 11.6). Resultatet blev icke-signifikant, vilket indikerar att dispositionell mindfulness inte modererar relationen mellan självbestämmande motion och motionsmängd. Denna relation mellan dessa tre specifika variabler är relativt outforskad, därav behövs fler framtida studier i form av exempelvis experimentella och longitudinella studier för att kunna dra en definitiv slutats kring mindfulness effekt på relationen mellan motivation och motionsmängd. Eftersom denna studie försvagar påståendet att just motionsmängd blir positivt påverkat av mindfulness, kan framtida studier förslagsvis skifta fokus och djupare undersöka huruvida mindfulness påverkar andra aspekter av motion, exempelvis prestation eller emotionsreglering. Denna studie ger inga direkta praktiska implikationer, men långsiktigt kan detta resultat agera som en byggsten kring huruvida mindfulness eventuellt kan användas som ett hjälpmedel till vad WHO (2020) efterfrågar, nämligen ett priseffektivt verktyg till främjandet av långsiktigt och hållbart utövande av fysisk aktivitet.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka atletens träningsnivå och motivationsnivå när de delta i idrott eller träna under COVID-19 pandemiska krisen. Metod som är användes i denna undersökning var enkätfrågor. Enkätfrågor delades in i teman bestående av; a) Generella frågor; b) Träningsrutin före och under Pandemin; c) Motivationsfaktorer som är träningsrelaterad och för att mäta motivationsnivå användes följande instrument av självbestämmande teori d) SMS-II och BREQ-2. Enkätfrågor distribuerades på nätet till atleter runt Sverige. Respondenterna (n=160) var män (n=111) och kvinnor (n=49). Resultaten visade att atleter som fortsätt med gruppträning och atleter som sluttad med gruppträning hade generals samma motivationsnivå för att delta i sport eller träna under pandemiska krisen. Som konklusion atleter som fortsatt med gruppträning visade bättre motivationsnivå och minskade inte lika mycket tränings frequency jämfört med gruppen som avslutade med gruppträning. / The purpose of this study was to research athlete’s training activity and motivation level for participating in sport and training during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Method for present research is a questionnaire which contained instruments; a) General information about athletes; b) Training routines before &amp; during pandemic crisis; c)Training-related motivational factors and for measuring motivation level the following questionnaires of self-determination theory were used d) SMS-2 and BREQ-2. The questionnaire was published on the internet for athletes around Sweden. Respondents were (n=160) men (n=111) and women (n=49). Result showed that athletes who continued with group training and who stopped with group training in general, have same level of motivation for the sport participation and training during the pandemic crisis. Discussion Both groups showed a reduction in the training-related variables for pre - pandemic vs during pandemic. In conclusion it showed that the athletes who continued with the group training hade better motivation level and didn’t reduced with the training frequency in contrast to the group that stopped with the group training.