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Objective: To examine the influence of a 6-week training program on the electromechanical delay (EMD) and reaction time of the peroneus longus muscle. Design and Setting: The study was guided by a 2 x 2 factorial design with repeated measures on the time factor. The independent variables for this study were group (training and control) and time (pre- and post-training). Dependent variables for this study were muscle reaction time and electromechanical delay of the peroneus longus muscle. Subjects: Thirty-six healthy, physically active, college-age (21.8 ± 2.3 yr) male and female (M = 14, F = 28, height = 173.7 ± 11.2 cm, weight = 69.1 ± 18.4 kg) subjects were recruited for this study. Subjects had experienced no more than one ankle sprain to either ankle in their life, and had not sprained either ankle in the last year. Subjects were not currently experiencing any lower extremity pathology and had no history of serious injury to either lower extremity. Measurements: The EMD of the peroneus longus was determined by the onset of force contribution after a percutaneous electrical stimulation was administered, as measured by EMG and force plate data. Reaction time was measured after a perturbation during walking. Data was analyzed using two 2 X 2 X 2 ANOVAs. Group (treatment and control) and gender were between treatments factors, and time was a within treatments factor. Results: Upon initial examination, there was a trend in the EMD measurements to show an increase in EMD in the treatment group. However, this lacked statistical significance (F = 2.96, p = 0.0983). Reaction time demonstrated a trend towards a decrease in reaction time in the treatment group, but again, this lacked statistical significance (F = 2.88, p = 0.1025). Effect size for this reaction time was 1.2. Conclusions: The 6-week training program used in this study did not have a significant effect on the reaction time and electromechanical delay of the peroneus longus muscle.

The purpose of this case study was to answer 5 primary questions in order to determine the impact (efficacy, efficiency, and value) of the educational intervention known as the mental skills training program (MSTP) as implemented with an NCAA Division I volleyball team. The primary evaluation questions are (1) Was individual and/or team performance enhanced during the season? (2) How did the intervention of the MSTP impact individual and team mental toughness? (3) How did the intervention of the MSTP impact team communication and team chemistry? (4) How did the coaches and student-athletes view the investment of time and effort (value/worth)? (5) Was the program delivered effectively and efficiently? The core mental skills that comprise the MSTP are goal setting, visualization, feelazation, energy management, and effective thinking which when integrated encourage mental toughness. The program evaluation contains an instructional design (ID) that incorporated a flexible curriculum to meet the weekly needs of the team. A modified Gerlach and Ely (1980) ID model is utilized to direct the design process and also as a prescriptive evaluation guide. The evaluation utilized quantitative instruments including surveys, questionnaires, and assessments of the effectiveness and efficiency of delivery by the mental skills trainer. Qualitative data includes interviews and field notes consisting of observations, member checks, and peer debriefing. The results of the data indicate individual performance and mental toughness were enhanced; team performance and mental toughness may have been improved. Team chemistry was enhanced while team communication was not. The program was considered valuable and worthwhile and was delivered effectively and efficiently. The decision components of the program yielded an 84.69% positive program evaluation rating. In discussion of these results, team communication may be improved with a greater emphasis on teambuilding early in the program. Gains in mental toughness exceeded expectations, and a foothold has been established for future research in this area. Regarding team performance, expanding categories in survey instruments may yield a more positive evaluation. Finally, program evaluation may provide a viable research vehicle for applied sport psychology to demonstrate the efficacy of mental skills training for performance enhancement. / Ph. D.

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<p dir="ltr">Sexual harassment remains prevalent, underscoring the urgent need for an updated approach to training aimed at reducing its occurrence. Previous studies have revealed that interventions focusing on elements of empathy, such as empathetic concern and perspective-taking, have been effective in diminishing antisocial attitudes like prejudice (Galinsky & Moskowitz, 2000; Levin et al., 2016; Paluck & Green, 2009). Thus, I suggest that cultivating empathy and perspective-taking may target the root cause of sexual harassment by disrupting the mechanisms that sustain its prevalence. The current study uses a 3 (training modality: Empathy Video Plus Exercises, Empathy Video, Control Video) × 2 (gender: Female and Male) between-subjects research design to investigate the effectiveness of empathy training, encompassing a ten-minute video and perspective-taking exercises, in fostering empathy toward targets of sexual harassment. The empathy video features a Ph.D. graduate student, "Diana," recounting her experiences with sexual harassment, based on a true story and portrayed by a professional actor. Participants engaged in perspective-taking exercises where they described the harassment experience from Diana's perspective and identified short and long-term consequences of experiencing sexual harassment. As anticipated, empathy training significantly increased feelings of empathy, aligning with the findings of Bolinger et al. (2023). Empathy training also significantly increased feelings of personal distress. This heightened feeling of empathy and personal distress subsequently bolstered intentions to engage in bystander intervention and supportive behaviors. However, empathy training did not yield a significant impact on reducing the acceptance of sexual harassment myths. Lastly, empathy training did not diminish intentions among men to engage in sex-based harassment. These findings underscore both the potential and limitations of empathy training in addressing attitudes and behaviors related to sexual harassment.</p>

The impact of a mandatory Part 48 training program on the health and safety knowledge level of newly employed inexperienced miners in Texas was studied. Part 48 training was defined by compliance with Mine Safety and Health Administration's (MSHA) mandatory health and safety training requirements. A two-group pretest, posttest research design was utilized. Group one individuals were newly employed inexperienced persons who received mandatory Part 48 training in accordance with MSHA guidelines. Group two subjects were newly employed inexperienced persons who worked for companies that were exempt from conducting a Part 48 training program. MSHA's health and safety knowledge inventory was utilized. A significant difference was found in the health and safety training program when compared with individuals who did not receive the training . A significant difference was also found in the posttest scores for eight of the ten subject areas of the MSHA health and safety knowledge inventory for persons who completed a Part 48 training program when compared to persons who did not receive the training . Analysis of gain scores resulted in significant differences in the same subject areas indicated by posttest scores. It was concluded that MSHA Part 48 did have a significant impact on the health and safety knowledge level of newly employed inexperienced miners. Additional implications noted relate to the impact of a Part 48 training program on accidents, productivity, absenteeism, turnover, job satisfaction and management styles; role of MSHA in miner training; development of new training materials; methods of training; and the evaluation of health and safety training programs.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’entraînement auditif chez des enfants sourds profonds congénitaux. Il a pour objectif d’évaluer non seulement les effets de l’entraînement auditif sur les performances auditives générales mais aussi les effets de transfert sur la perception langagière et la production de la parole. Une période prolongée de déprivation auditive entraîne des difficultés massives de réception et de production du langage, des difficultés cognitives et perturbe la maturation des voies auditives centrales qui limitent les effets de la réhabilitation de la transmission sonore (implants ou prothèses auditives). Il est donc indispensable d’apprendre aux enfants l’acte d’écouter et de développer leur acuité auditive. La première étude de ce travail évalue la méthode d’entraînement auditif le « Son en Mains », un programme expérimental ludique qui permet la stimulation des opérations auditives générales, telles que l’identification, la discrimination, l’analyse de scènes auditives et la mémoire auditive. L’entraînement se déroule sur une période de 16 semaines à raison d’une séance hebdomadaire. Les résultats sont présentés et discutés dans les quatre premiers articles de la partie expérimentale. Ils montrent que le programme d’entraînement « Son en Mains » permet aux enfants sourds profonds une amélioration de leurs performances auditives mais surtout des effets de transfert vers les tâches non entraînées (discrimination phonétique et production de la parole). Les études 2 et 3 de cette thèse s’intéressent aux effets de l’apprentissage musical chez des enfants sourds profonds congénitaux. Ces études sont basées sur les observations effectuées chez les enfants normo-entendants qui montrent que l’apprentissage de la musique induit non seulement un traitement auditif plus fin mais aussi des effets positifs sur la cognition. Dans l’étude 2, des enfants sourds suivant des leçons de musique depuis 4 ans en moyenne montrent de meilleures performances en discrimination phonétique que les enfants sourds non musiciens issus du même établissement spécialisé. Ainsi, les scores des enfants musiciens semblent comparables à ceux obtenus avec le programme d’entraînement « Son en Mains » chez des enfants non musiciens (article 5). Enfin, la troisième étude de cette thèse explore les effets de leçons musicales sur la perception des émotions musicales et sur les capacités d’apprentissage implicite. Les résultats montrent que les enfants sourds musiciens présentent plus de difficultés que les enfants entendants non musiciens pour identifier les différentes émotions musicales (article 6). En revanche leurs capacités d’apprentissage implicite sont équivalentes (article 7). Les articles 8 et 9 représentent notre contribution méthodologique et théorique. En discussion générale, nous débattons des implications de ces résultats dans la prise en charge des enfants sourds profonds. / This thesis focuses on the auditory training and auditory skill development of congenitally profoundly deaf children. It aims to evaluate, not only the effects of auditory training/auditory skill development on general auditory performances, but also the transfer effects on speech perception and development. An extended period of auditory deprivation leads to major difficulties in reception and speech production, cognitive difficulties, and also disrupts the maturation of central auditory pathways which limit the effects of hearing loss treatment in restoring sound transmission (cochlear implants or hearing aids). It is therefore necessary to teach children how to actively listen and to develop their auditory acuity. The first study of this thesis evaluates the auditory training/auditory skill development method entitled “Sound in Hand”, a recreational experimental program that allows stimulation of the general auditory processing skills, such as identification, discrimination, auditory scene analysis and auditory memory. The training program takes place over 16 weeks, on a weekly basis. The results are presented and discussed in the first four articles of the experimental section. They show that the training program “Sounds in Hand” enables profoundly deaf children to improve their auditory performances, in particular, the transfer effects to non-trained tasks (phonetic discrimination and speech development). Studies 2 and 3 of this thesis focus on the effects of musical training in congenitally profoundly deaf children. These studies are based on observations made in children with normal hearing which demonstrate that musical training not only result in finer auditory processing skills, but also has positive effects on cognition. In study 2, deaf children who have been taking music lessons for approximately four years, show better performances in phonetic discrimination than non-musician deaf children from the same special school. Thus, the scores of musician children seem comparable to those obtained with the “Sounds in Hand” training program in non-musician children (article 5). Finally, the third study of this thesis explores the effects of musical training on the perception of musical emotions and on implicit learning abilities. The results show that deaf musician children have more difficulties than non-musicians with normal hearing in identifying the different musical emotions (article 6). However, their implicit learning abilities are equivalent (article 7). Articles 8 and 9 represent a methodological and theorical contribution. In the general discussion, we consider the implications of these results on therapies in profoundly deaf children.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-10T11:30:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline de Cássia Francisco Buosi Velasco.pdf: 15239082 bytes, checksum: dbd9014cc655a3601ced3782ddf14fd7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T11:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline de Cássia Francisco Buosi Velasco.pdf: 15239082 bytes, checksum: dbd9014cc655a3601ced3782ddf14fd7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Inadequate educational practices may worsen the children´s development problems, and some behavior analysts have been concerned to develop interventions that aims to capacity parents and caregivers to educate their children in order to avoid or soften possible problems in this interaction. A population that deserves attention are the Welcoming Families that introduce in their own home, children who were legally departed of their biological families because they are in a social or personal risk. The present research had the objective of implement and evaluate an intervention in Welcoming Family situation for the handling of relationships among caregivers and child six to nine years old that are welcomed. Participants were five welcoming mothers and their welcomed child, divided in Experimental Group and Control. The procedure involves informative lectures cycle about Welcoming Families and a Training Program. The Training Program was realized in groups and individually. The planned delimitation had the starting evaluation (direct observation of interaction among caregiver and child; interviews and application of the Parenting Style Inventory; intervention group; evaluation after the group interventions, individual intervention, evaluation after individual orientation; removing of group and individual orientation conditions and evaluations after intervention in two different moments. The group intervention had ten meetings in which many themes were discussed. The individual intervention happened at residence and the caregiver orientation occurred in school task doing with the welcoming child. The results demonstrated that the caregivers of Experimental Group increased the positive educational practice happenings and decreased the aversive educational practices and they didn´t return to the levels gained at base line during the follow up. There was also a difference in the results of this group, after the Individual Training. The caregivers of Control Group didn´t change their interaction practices with the welcoming child. One limitation of this study was the lack of objective measures of the child in the school task performance. It is suggested new studies that verify the effectiveness of intervention with teenagers Welcoming Families, doing the adaptations that were necessary to this age / Práticas educativas inadequadas podem agravar problemas comportamentais ao longo do desenvolvimento infantil, e alguns analistas do comportamento têm se preocupado em desenvolver intervenções que visam capacitar pais e cuidadores para educar suas crianças de forma a evitar ou amenizar possíveis dificuldades nessa interação. Uma população que merece atenção são as Famílias Acolhedoras, que inserem em seu próprio lar, as crianças que foram afastadas juridicamente de suas famílias biológicas por se encontrarem em risco social ou pessoal. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo implementar e avaliar uma intervenção em situação de Acolhimento Familiar para o manejo das relações entre cuidadores e crianças acolhidas de seis a nove anos. Os participantes foram cinco mães acolhedoras, divididas em Grupo Experimental e Controle. O procedimento envolveu ciclo de palestras informativas sobre Famílias Acolhedoras e um Programa de Capacitação. O Programa de Capacitação foi realizado em grupo e individualmente. O delineamento planejado contou com avaliação inicial dos dois Grupos (observação direta da interação entre cuidador e criança; entrevistas e aplicação do Inventário de Estilos Parentais); intervenção de grupo; avaliação após intervenção de grupo, intervenção individual, avaliação após orientação individual; retirada das condições de orientação de grupo e individual e avaliações pós-intervenção em dois momentos diferentes (dos dois Grupos). A intervenção em grupo contou com dez Encontros nos quais se discutiram diversas temáticas sobre relacionamento cuidador-criança, sob a ótica da Análise do Comportamento. A intervenção individual foi realizada na residência das famílias quando houve a orientação da cuidadora na realização de uma tarefa escolar com a criança acolhida. Os resultados demonstraram que as cuidadoras do Grupo Experimental aumentaram as ocorrências de práticas educativas positivas e diminuíram as de práticas educativas aversivas e não retornaram aos níveis obtidos na linha de base durante o follow up. Também houve diferenças importantes entre os resultados do Grupo Experimental após a Capacitação de grupo e individual. As cuidadoras do Grupo Controle não alteraram suas práticas com a criança acolhida. Uma das limitações desse estudo foi a ausência de medidas objetivas de avaliação da criança no desempenho da tarefa escolar. Sugere-se também que novos estudos verifiquem a efetividade de intervenções com Famílias Acolhedoras de adolescentes, realizando as adaptações necessárias para essa faixa etária