The Ethnic Mental Illness (EMI) Scale, a questionnaire to discriminate European and Hispanic attitudes toward mental illness, was developed. Fifty-one college students of Hispanic ethnicity and 194 college students of European ethnicity completed a 150 item questionnaire measuring attitudes toward mental illness. A cross-validation sample of 50 Hispanic students and 194 European students ethnicity yielded 15 items that reliably differentiated the two groups. Based upon content, the 15 items were grouped into six categories: hopefulness, trust, biological aspects of mental illness, childhood origins, finances, and sex differences. Items which did not discriminate Hispanics and Europeans are described, as these items are possible indicators of common attitudes toward mental illness. A group of 66 Asian students also participated in the study. The items which differentiate Asians from Hispanics and Europeans are described. These items were not cross-validated.

Burns are common in low- and middle income countrie ssuch asTarzania and firerelated deaths are numerous in Africa compared to high income countries in Europe. The nurse's primary professional responsibility is to require nursing care to people. Nursing care for burned patients is important and demands knowledge. Nurses in Tanzania experience difficulties in their daily work in terms of heavy workload and lack of material. Transcultural nursing aims to see care, health and illness from a cultural perspective and the goal is to provide competent care to people in different cultures. The purpose of the study was to illuminate how nurses in Tanzania take care of patients with burns.The study was implemented at the hospital Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in Moshi,Tanzania. A qualitative method was used;participating observations of nine nurses were carried out. The field notes were analyzed by content analysis and gradually two themes appeared; preventing infections and meeting the patient.The conclusion was that nursing care meant collaboration with the relatives, a calm and low stress atmosphere and concems about the patients' integrity. Difficulties experienced in the nurse's daily work were lack of time and material, but despite this the nurses wanted to improve the care of the burned patients in order to reduce the risk of infection. An interesting finding was that normally no contact was created between the nurse and the patient. Overall the lasting impression was that nursing care must be seen and understood in the cultural context. / <p>Röda Korsets sjuksköterskeförening stipendium 2010</p>

Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelser av kommunikation och kulturella yttranden mellan personer från olika kulturer samt att granska de valda artiklarnas urvalsmetod och bortfall. Metod: Föreliggande litteraturstudie har en deskriptiv design. Tio artiklar med kvalitativ ansats inkluderades. Resultat: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskorna upplevde kommunikationssvårigheter mellan personer från olika kulturer vilket kändes utmanande och frustrerande. För att underlätta kommunikationssvårigheterna utvecklade sjuksköterskorna sina egna strategier samt tog hjälp av tolk, flerspråkig vårdpersonal och anhöriga. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde svårigheter kring kulturella yttranden som bestod bland annat av att många besökte patienten samt att rutiner och besökstider inte respekterades. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att de saknade kulturell kunskap, förståelse och utbildning. Genom att etablera undervisning om transkulturell omvårdnad på sjuksköterskeprogrammet skulle kunna leda till att nyexaminerade sjuksköterskor har bättre redskap att möta patienter från olika kulturer när de börjar arbeta. För redan kliniskt verksamma sjuksköterskor bör de olika verksamheterna förse personalen med utbildning. / Aim: The aim was to describe nurses’ experiences of communication and cultural manifestations with people from different cultures and to review the selected articles sample and drop-outs.   Method: The present study has a descriptive design. Ten articles with qualitative approach were included. Findings: The results showed that nurses experienced communication difficulties with people from different cultures which was experienced as challenging and frustrating. To facilitate communication difficulties the nurses developed their own strategies and enlisted the help of an interpreter, bilingual healthcare professionals and relatives. The nurses experienced difficulties with cultural manifestations which included that many relatives visited the patient, and that routines and visiting hours were not respected. Conclusion: The nurses felt that they lacked in cultural knowledge, understanding and education. By establishing teaching of transcultural nursing in nursing programmes could lead to newly graduated nurses having better tools to meet patients from different cultures when they start working. Professional practising nurses should be provided with training.

Bakgrund: Den ökade invandringen till Sverige har gjort att landet idag är ett mångkulturellt samhälle. Sjuksköterskan möter ofta patienter från andra kulturer. Dessa möten kan många gånger beskrivas i form av negativa vårderfarenheter för patienten. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskans möte med patienter från andra kulturer. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats genomfördes med nio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: I resultatet framkom fyra kategorier som belyser mötet ur sjuksköterskans perspektiv. Dessa fyra kategorier var: sjuksköterskans interaktion, gränser att respektera, familjens medverkan och språkbarriärer. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskans möte med patienter från andra kulturer upplevdes som en utmaning på grund av bland annat outtalade förväntningar på mötet. Det framkom också kulturella och hälsomässiga övertygelser som skiljer mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten. För att öka förståelsen och minska spänningar i mötet bör patientens delaktighet öka. För att uppnå detta krävs bland annat möjlighet till kommunikation av god kvalitet och att patientens livsvärld synliggörs. / Background The increased immigration to Sweden has turned the country into a multicultural society. Nurses frequently encounter patients with other cultural backgrounds. These meetings can often be described as negative care experiences for the patient. Aim: The aim was to highlight nurses meeting with patients with other cultural backgrounds. Method: A literature review with qualitative approach was carried out with nine scientific articles. Result: The result revealed four categories that highlight the meeting from the nurse´s perspective. These four categories were: the nurse´s interaction, borders to respect, the family´s participation and language barriers. Conclusion: The nurses meeting with patients from other cultures were experienced as a challenge due to unspoken expectations. It also emerged cultural and health beliefs that differ between the nurse and the patient. In order to increase the understanding and reduce tension during the meeting the patient´s involvement in the meeting needs to increase. In order to achieve this, it´s important to have the possibility to create communication with good quality and to visualize the patient´s life world.

Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-72).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Drexel University, 2008. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-76).

Thesis (Honors)--College of William and Mary, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-98). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri State University, 2008. / "December 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-118). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2004. / Bibliography: leaves 217-233. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-103).