Devant faire face aux exigences imposées par l’internationalisation de plus en plus prononcée, les entreprises de services misent sur l’enrichissement du capital humain dont elles disposent. Cette recherche ambitionne de proposer une compréhension du processus d’apprentissage qui favorise cet enrichissement. Plus particulièrement, nous souhaitons comprendre l’impact de la culture de l’individu sur les compétences constitutives de son capital humain, et l’évolution de la compétence interculturelle qui est la composante essentielle de ce dernier dans un contexte international. Basée sur l’étude d’une PME internationale et, plus précisément, d’une de ses business units en France qui fait preuve d’une expertise en termes de prestation de service, notre thèse ambitionne de mettre en évidence les éléments constitutifs d’une relation de service de haut niveau. Pour cela, nous avons mobilisé une revue de la littérature reposant sur le management international, le management interculturel et la gestion des ressources humaines. Elle a été alimentée par une étude de cas unique dans le cadre de laquelle nous avons réalisé 25 entretiens semi directifs et environ 83 heures d’observation (non participante et participante). Les résultats obtenus révèlent que l’expertise de l’unité étudiée repose sur la compétence transculturelle du directeur-manager, qui est créatrice d’une culture managériale et de relations pérennes avec les clients, et qui est porteuse de résultats pour l’entreprise. / Faced with the demands imposed by increasingly marked internationalization, service companies are banking on the enrichment of human capital they have. This research aims to provide an understanding of the learning process that promotes this enrichment. More specifically, we want to understand the impact of the culture of the individual on the skills that make up his human capital, and the evolution of intercultural competence which is the essential component of the latter in an international context. Based on the study of an international SME and, more precisely, of one of its business units in France which demonstrates an expertise in terms of service delivery, our thesis aims to highlight the constituent elements of a high level service relationship. For this, we have mobilized a review of the literature based on international management, intercultural management and human resources management. It is based on a unique case study in which we conducted 25 semi structured interviews and approximately 83 hours of observation (non participant and participant). The results obtained reveal that the expertise of the unit studied is based on the transcultural competence of the manager, who creates a managerial culture and lasting relationships with customers, which brings results for the company.

Le concept de décloisonnement, est élaboré à partir d'une réflexion sur la complexité des enjeux culturels, notamment, lorsqu'une pluralité de cultures, coexiste et se confronte dans un espace commun. L'étude, le développement et la discussion du décloisonnement sont issus d’une généalogie de la culture et des cultures dans l'histoire des idées, notamment à travers les Sophistes, Las Casas, Montaigne, Rousseau, Volney et Lévi-Strauss et par une analyse historique des concepts de nomos, coutume, et civilisation. Le décloisonnement est bâti autour de trois pôles : décentrement, pluralité et hiérarchie affaiblie ou reconfigurée. La pertinence du concept est testée en regard des rencontres interculturelles et de leurs significations. A partir d'observations historiques, sociologiques et philosophiques, le décloisonnement est rattaché à un cloisonnement initial dans un équilibre sous tension constante et nécessaire. Aux principes absolus du couple ouverture/fermeture est substitué le décloisonnement/cloisonnement. Les dynamiques étudiées sont inévitablement antagonistes et complémentaires. Les tensions, apories et contradictions rencontrées conduisent à l'élaboration d'une triple balance des concepts et aspects trans- inter- et multi- culturels. La triple balance pose la nécessité d'un équilibre entre la pluralité intérieure et la transculturalité dans une perspective de dialogues et de rencontres. La notion conclusive de proximétrie pose la recherche nécessaire d'une mesure des distances culturelles, d'où procède un art délicat du discernement d'un équilibre dans le décloisonnement culturel. / The concept of Dis-closure is based on a reflection on the complexity of cultural confrontations in an intercultural space. The study, development and discussion of the concept of Dis-closure stem from a genealogy of culture in the history of ideas, notably through the Sophists, Las Casas, Montaigne, Rousseau, Volney and Lévi-Strauss and by a historical analysis of the concepts of nomos, custom, and civilization. The Dis-closure is built around three poles: decentralization, plurality and hierarchy weakened or reconfigured. The relevance of the concept is tested in a selection of different cultural fields. On the basis of historical, sociological and philosophical observations, the Dis-closure is related to an initial partitioning in an equilibrium under constant and necessary tension. The absolute principles of Openness / Closeness are substituted with Dis-closure / Closure. The dynamics studied are inevitably antagonistic and complementary. The tensions, aporias and contradictions encountered lead to the development of a triple balance of trans-, Inter- and Multi-cultural poles. The triple balance raises the need for an equilibrum between inner plurality and transculturality in a perspective of dialogues and encounters. The conclusive notion of proximetry poses the necessary search for a measure of cultural distances, their degrees and qualities, from which proceeds a delicate art of discerning a balance in a cultural Dis-closed context.

My dissertation, The Question of Cross-Cultural Understanding in the Transcultural Travel Narratives about Post-1949 China, aims to intervene in the genre of travel writing and its critical scholarship by studying a flourishing but under-explored archive. Travel literature about (post-) Communist China is abundant and has been proliferating since 1979 when China began to implement its open-door policy. Yet its scholarship is surprisingly scanty. Meanwhile, in the field of travel literature studies, many critics read the genre as one that articulates Western imperialism, an archive where peoples and cultures are defined within conveniently maintained boundaries between home and abroad, West and non-West. Othersin the field of literary and cultural studies as well as other disciplineshave started to question the binary power relationship. However, some of this work may well reinforce the binary opposition, seeking only evidences of the travellers powerlessness in relation to the native; and some, conceiving travel only on a geographical plane, seems unable to transcend the dichotomy of home and abroad, East and West at a theoretical level. My project is committed to further interrogating the binarism constructed by the genre of travel and its scholarship. My intervention is not to argue who gets an upper hand in a hierarchical relationship, but to challenge the stability of the hierarchy by foregrounding the contingency and complexity of cross-cultural relationships. My dissertation engages with the key issue of cross-cultural understanding and explicates various modalities of the travellers interpretation of otherness. By reading Canadian journalist Jan Wong, geophysicist Jock Tuzo Wilson, US Peace Corps volunteer Peter Hessler, American anthropologist Hill Gates, and humanist geographer Yi-Fu Tuan, I examine the ways in which the Western traveller negotiates and interprets foreignness, and probe the consequences of transcultural interactions. The overall argument of my dissertationin dialogue with other scholarship in the fieldis that travel not only (re)produces cultural differences but also paradoxically engenders a cosmopolitan potential that recognizes but transcends them. / English

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Orientador: Maria da Consolação Gomes Cunha Fernandes Tavares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T11:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_Lucilene_D.pdf: 6053153 bytes, checksum: 4b620680f1627e0dfa967866afd6ab8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A imagem corporal é a representação mental do corpo existencial. É um processo dinâmico, singular e estruturado nas experiências corporais do sujeito. Graças ao dinamismo da imagem corporal, é possível haver adaptação e desenvolvimento dessa imagem mesmo com as constantes alterações que ocorrem nas dimensões física, psíquica e social, vivenciadas pelo idoso em detrimento ao processo de envelhecimento. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi traduzir, adaptar transculturalmente e validar para a língua portuguesa no Brasil as escalas Body Apreciation Scale, Life satisfaction Index for the Third Age e Aging Perception Questionnaire em idosos brasileros. A pesquisa compreendeu duas fases: (1) tradução e adaptação cultural das escalas e (2) Avaliação psicométrica das escalas. Para a realização da primeira fase - tradução e adaptação transcultural das escalas - procedemos com as recomendações do Guia American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons/Institute of Work & Health. (BEATON et al, 2002) seguindo cinco etapas que constou de tradução, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, comitê de peritos e pre-teste. Apenas na última etapa, o pre-teste, seguimos as recomendações de Malhotra (2006) e Ferreira et al. (2011). Na segunda fase da pesquisa, procedemos com a análise psicométrica dos instrumentos, desse modo, estabelecemos evidências de validade do constructo e confiabilidade interna das três escalas através da análise fatorial confirmatória em uma amostra não probabilística de 606 idosos, com idade superior a 60 anos. Todas as escalas reportaram confiabilidade interna, com valores de Alpha de Cronbach e confiabilidade composta adequados, bem como, estabelecemos validade convergente e discriminante. De uma forma geral, para as escalas BAS, LSITA e APQ, a amostra reportou respectivamente, apreciação corporal, satisfação com a vida e percepção positiva do envelhecimento. Pesquisas futuras poderiam investigar a associação desses constructos com outros aspectos inerentes ao processo de envelhecimento utilizando amostras probabilísticas e estudo com desenhos metodológicos diferentes, como por exemplo, longitudinais. Além disso, poderiam investigar a relação de causalidade, através da Modelagem de Equação Estrutural, entre os três constructos. Concluindo, acreditamos que a tradução, adaptação transcultural e a realização dos estudos psicométricos das escalas podem contribuir para as áreas de saúde e social na compreensão do comportamento da imagem corporal na velhice / Abstract: The body image is the mental representation of the existential body. It is a dynamic, singular and structured process in the one's body experience. Due to the body image dynamism it is possible to have adaption and development of this image, even with the constant changes that occur in the, physical, psychic and social dimensions lived by the elderly rather than the aging process. The aim of this research was to adapt transculturally and to validate to the Brazil's Portuguese language the scales Body Appreciation Scale, Life satisfaction Index for the Third Age and Aging Perception Questionnaire in the Brazilian elderly. The research comprised in two phases: (1) translation and cultural adaptation of the scales and (2) psychometric evaluation of the scales. To accomplish the first phase - translation and adaptation of the scales -the procedure was according to the recommendations of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons/Institute of Work & Health. (BEATON et al, 2002) following five steps which consisted of translation, back translation, experts committee, and pre-test. Just in the last step, the pre-test, it was followed the Malhotra (2006) and Ferreira et al., (2011) recommendations. On the second phase of the research, the procedure was with the psychometric analysis of the instruments, so that, it was established evidences of the construct validation and internal reliability of the three scales through the confirmatory factorial analysis in a non-probabilistic sample of 606 elderly, over 60 years. All the scales reported internal reliability, with Cronbach alpha values and appropriated composed reliability as the discriminant and convergent validation. In general, for the scales BAS, LSITA e APQ, the sample reported respectively, body appreciation, life satisfaction and positive aging perception. Future researches could investigate the association of those constructs with other intrinsic aspects to the aging process using probabilistic samples and studies with different methodological drawings, as for instance, longitudinal. Besides they could investigate causality relation, through Structural Equation Modeling, among the three constructs. However, it was believed that the translation, transcultural adaptation and the accomplishment of the psychometric studies of the scales can bring contribution to the health and social areas into the understanding of the behavior of the body image during the old age / Doutorado / Atividade Fisica Adaptada / Doutor em Educação Física

“The main facts in human life are five: birth, food, sleep, love, and death.” – Forster, E.M., 1927, Aspects of the Novel.We might all have something to say about love, but we are certain about food.The thesis aims to develop a perspective on food, its role, and traditions as possible a tool of identification among first and second generation East-African migrants in Sweden, in the area of Falun. Particularly, I focused on the concept of gastronomic identity and the relation between food and nostalgia. The intention is to explore whether a gastronomic identity can be identified, and the importance of nostalgia by answering the following questions:1. How do the people interviewed refer to their gastronomic identity? How is it related to their country of origin, to Sweden, or a hybridization of the two?2. How do first and second generation of immigrants adapt their food traditions in the local context?3. What is the role of food, its tradition, and how is it related to the feeling of nostalgia for these people?In order to answer to these questions, I made use of an extensive academic literature research on food and gastronomic identity on both the historical and anthropological perspective and variety of multimedia materials (such as blogs, YouTube videos). I have also conducted semi-structured interviews with East African immigrants in Falun. Through the use of both literature and, above all, the interviews, I concluded that gastronomic identity takes on a much more personal and individual meaning than nationalistic or ethnic identity, and almost always emerges as a transculturalization of the two countries: Sweden and the country of origin. In the responses of the interviewed migrants from East Africa, it also emerges that food is an element to define our identity as individuals and it is linked to memory and influenced by the nostalgia of home. Therefore, according to the respondents, anywhere one may be, when feeling nostalgia, one will be looking for a taste of home, whatever and wherever it is.

Yes / This study explores how global and local forces influence the processes of consumer re-acculturation amongst third-generation British Sikhs in the United Kingdom (U.K.). Data is collected over a three-year period using multiple methods that focus on the experiential consumption of shaadi.com by third-generation British-born Sikhs. Data is analysed using thematic analysis, and findings reveal three transcultural identity patterns: accommodating, re-acculturating, and resisting Sikh culture. We argue that the emergent identity patterns are fluid, as our participants feel neither wholly British, wholly Sikh, nor wholly British-Sikh, positioning themselves beyond, rather than against, Sikh or British culture. We uncover the connectedness between the traditional cultural practices of arranged marriages and the space of shaadi.com, a matrimonial website. We interpret this website as a medium through which transcultural identities are constructed. We contribute to theory by showing the development of transcultural patterns of consumption and consistent transcultural identity construction in non-migrating ethnic communities.

Cette thèse offre une étude comparative qui fait appel aux productions filmiques et littéraires d’artistes francophones, afin de mieux saisir les notions de migration et de transculturalité dans leurs œuvres. Ces thèmes sont analysés de part des notions de genre, de sexualité et de trauma dans les productions cinématographiques de Ousmane Sembène, Lionel Steketee (avec Fabrice Eboué et Thomas N’gijol), Moussa Touré et Yamina Benguigui. Dans le champ de la littérature francophone, sont analysées les œuvres de Fabienne Kanor, Gisèle Pineau, Maryse Condé et Myriam Warner-Vieyra. L’étude des configurations migratoires et transculturelles du migrant dans les arts visuels est suivie de l’examination des enjeux identitaires et questions d’exploitations du corps de la femme noire ainsi que l’acte de la mémoire dans les œuvres romanesques de Kanor et de Pineau. Le dernier point d’analyse se centre sur les œuvres de Maryse Condé et de Myriam Warner-Vieyra afin de mettre en exergue les procédés par lesquels la transculturalité mène à la réalisation d’une littérature monde. L’observation des configurations géoculturelles des migrants permettra de mieux saisir les complexes notions d’intégration qui s’opèrent dans les pays d’accueil. Cette approche interdisciplinaire nous amène à explorer les notions de genre, de sexualité, de trauma, de construction identitaire et de résistance dans les arts visuels et dans la littérature francophone d’artistes de la diaspora africaine. Elle permet également de mieux comprendre leurs contributions au renouveau de la création littéraire et de la production cinématographique francophone. This thesis offers a comparative study that centers on the filmic and literary productions of Francophone artists. It provides an examination of notions of migration and transculturality in their works. These themes are analyzed through issues of gender, sexuality and trauma in the cinematographic productions of Ousmane Sembène, Lionel Steketee (with Fabrice Eboué and Thomas N'gijol), Moussa Touré and Yamina Benguigui. In the field of Francophone literature, this analysis expands to the works of Fabienne Kanor, Gisèle Pineau, Maryse Condé and Myriam Warner-Vieyra. Looking at film, we first observe the migrants' migratory and transcultural configurations. A second phase of analysis focuses on an examination of issues of identity formation, the exploitation of black women and the act of memory in the novels of Kanor and Pineau. The last point of analysis centers on the works of Maryse Condé and Myriam Warner-Vieyra to highlight the processes through which transculturality leads to a "littérature-monde." Through a critical study of the migrants' geocultural configurations, this thesis stresses the complex issues of integration that take place in the host country. This interdisciplinary study is an exploration of notions of gender, sexuality, trauma, identity construction and resistance in the visual and literary productions of Francophone artists from the African Diaspora. It also provides a better understanding of these artists' contribution to the renewal of literary creation and that of francophone film production.

Through the critical discourse analysis of Anglophone Caribbean literature as a polyrhythmic performance, this research sets out to examine the claim that, in a world in a state of constant flux, emerging Caribbean voices are offering a challenging perspective on how to negotiate identity away from the binary constructs of centre and margin. It argues that the Caribbean writer, as a self-conscious producer of alternative discourses, offers an innovative and transcultural vision of the self. This research consists of three stages which integrate critical discourse and literary analysis with colonial/postcolonial and socio-cultural theories. Firstly, it investigates the power of language as an operation of discourse through which to apprehend reality within a binary system of representation. It then examines how the concept of discourse, as a site of contestation and meaning, enables the elaboration of a Caribbean counter-discourse. Finally, it explores the role, within the Caribbean text, of literary techniques such as narrative fragmentation, irony, dialogism, intertextuality, ambivalence and the carnivalesque to challenge, disrupt the established order and offer new perspectives of being. My study of Anglophone Caribbean texts highlights the power of language and the authority of the ‘book’ as subtle, insidious tools of domination and colonisation. It also demonstrates how, by allowing hitherto marginalised voices to write themselves into being, Caribbean writers enable linear narratives and monolithic visions of reality to be contested and other perspectives of understanding and of meaning to be uncovered. It exposes the plurality and the interweaving of discourses in the Caribbean text as a liberating, dynamic force which enables new subject positions and realities to emerge along the lines of similarity and difference. At a time when the issue of identity is one of the central problems in the world today, the research argues that this celebration of the plural, the fluid and the ambivalent offers new ways of being away from the stultifying perspective of essentialist forms.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma tradução comentada de dois contos do autor sírio Rafik Schami, exilado desde 1971 na Alemanha. Com uma literatura socialmente engajada e transcultural, Schami propõe em sua obra um amálgama de tradições e traz em questão o debate acerca da diversidade cultural e da convivência entre as culturas. O objetivo de ressaltar na tradução a alteridade do texto de partida somente pode ser concebido por meio de uma reflexão preliminar acerca dos conceitos de cultura e das relações transculturais. Estas questões jogam luz sobre a importância da atitude estrangeirizante de tradução e abrem espaço para uma discussão sobre seu caráter pós-criativo e como ela se alinha ao projeto sociocultural de Schami. / The thesis at hand presents a commented translation of two narratives by the Syrian author Rafik Schami, who has been living in exile in Germany since 1971. By making use of a transcultural and socially-engaged literature, Schami offers in his writings an amalgam of traditions and brings up for discussion the debate about the cultural diversity and the coexistence amongst cultures. The goal of emphasizing the foreignness in the translation may only be achieved through a preliminary thought about the concepts of culture and the transcultural relations. These matters cast light upon the importance of the foreignizing translation practices and also give place to a discussion about its post-creative nature and how it aligns with Schamis sociocultural project.