No description available.

Transitional justice as a research field has for a long time only focused on countries in conflict. However, even established democracies can undergo a process of change and reconciliationprocesses, including the reconciliation process between the Sami and Sweden. The purpose of the study is to map the process of establishing the Truth Commission for the Sami people, and to analyze this process based on central concepts of transitional justice. To examine whether these concepts are suitable for analyzing processes of reconciliation in established democracies. The central concepts of reconciliation, truth, justice, mercy, and peace have thus been used as a theoretical framework to analyze the process of establishing the Truth Commission in Sweden through a qualitative content analysis. The finding show that the theoretical framework cannot fully explain and understand processes of reconciliation in established democracies. Adevelopment of the research field of transitional justice is needed to be able to apply it to the context of established democracies.

A dynamic hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-Large Eddy Simulation (LES) modeling framework has been investigated and further developed to improve the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) prediction of turbulent flow features along with laminar-to-turbulent transitional phenomena. In recent years, the use of hybrid RANS/LES (HRL) models has become more common in CFD simulations, since HRL models offer more accuracy than RANS in regions of flow separation at a reduced cost relative to LES in attached boundary layers. The first part of this research includes evaluation and validation of a dynamic HRL (DHRL) model that aims to address issues regarding the RANS-to-LES zonal transition and explicit grid dependence, both of which are inherent to most current HRL models. Simulations of two test cases—flow over a backward facing step and flow over a wing with leading-edge ice accretion—were performed to assess the potential of the DHRL model for predicting turbulent features involved in mainly unsteady separated flow. The DHRL simulation results are compared with experimental data, along with the computational results for other HRL and RANS models. In summary, these comparisons demonstrate that the DHRL framework does address many of the weaknesses inherent in most current HRL models. Although HRL models are widely used in turbulent flow simulations, they have limitations for transitional flow predictions. Most HRL models include a fully turbulent RANS component for attached boundary layer regions. The small number of HRL models that do include transition-sensitive RANS models have issues related to the RANS model itself and to the zonal transition between RANS and LES. In order to address those issues, a new transition-sensitive HRL modeling methodology has been developed that includes the DHRL methodology and a physics-based transition-sensitive RANS model. The feasibility of the transition-sensitive dynamic HRL (TDHRL) model has been investigated by performing numerical simulations of the flows over a circular cylinder and a PAK-B airfoil. Comparisons with experimental data along with computational results from other HRL and RANS models illustrate the potential of TDHRL model for accurately capturing the physics of complex transitional flow phenomena.

No description available.

BACKGROUND: People experiencing homelessness (PEH) commonly experience “tri-morbidity,” whereby the effects of physical illness, mental illness, and substance use disorder combine to produce complex healthcare needs. Tiny home villages, or communities comprised of dwellings that are 400-square feet or smaller, have emerged in the U.S. as one option to bridge the gap between living on the street and temporary or permanent shelter. However, whether these communities have been successful in connecting PEH to health services has not been well explored. House of Hope Community Development Corporation sought recommendations for health care services organization and delivery at ECHO Village, a temporary tiny home village in Rhode Island, to meet the health care needs of its clients. AIMS: (1) To characterize barriers and opportunities to engage PEH in care from the perspective of health care providers using the CDC’s 6 Guiding Principles to a Trauma Informed Approach; (2) to assess the health care priorities and barriers and facilitators to care from the perspective of PEH using the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations, and (3) to inform recommendations for health services delivery for ECHO Village and for similar homelessness service settings more broadly. METHODS: Literature was reviewed on evidence-based practices for providing health care to PEH, tiny home villages for PEH, and emergency, temporary housing. A matrix was developed to collect and organize descriptive data to select a comparison tiny home village. In Aim 1, 18 in-depth interviews were conducted with health care providers and other key informants in Rhode Island and at Avivo Village, a tiny home village for PEH in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to characterize barriers and opportunities to engage PEH in health care. In Aim 2, 10 in-depth interviews with Avivo Village residents were conducted to identify health care priorities, barriers, and facilitators to care. The 6 Guiding Principles to a Trauma-Informed Approach and the Behavioral Model were used to create initial coding frameworks for provider and resident interviews, respectively. Through an iterative process, codes were refined to aggregate data into patterns of meaning, emerging themes were revealed, and similarities and differences were identified through consensus coding for interpretation purposes. The Behavioral Model was used to assess the role of predisposing, enabling, and needs factors in health services utilization through a structured survey of 93 adults aged ≥18 experiencing homelessness in Rhode Island. Associations between subsistence difficulty and five health utilization outcomes using bivariate tests of survey data were evaluated. Binomial logistic regressions were run to explore the effects of predictor variables on these outcomes. RESULTS: Thematic analysis revealed that the tiny home village setting could facilitate the care of PEH by (1) overcoming many of the common barriers to receiving care for people who had been excluded from traditional shelters and other critical services, (2) affording a sense of safety and security for PEH, and (3) allowing PEH time and space to gain stability to focus on self-identified goals at their own pace. The importance of patient empowerment, peer support, mixed communities in which people in various stages of recovery live together, and non-judgmental providers also emerged as facilitators of care. Quantitative results showed that subsistence difficulty predicted going without needed care for the past 12 months at p <.05. Adjustment for potential confounders did not change our inferences. CONCLUSION: Several promising practices exist for health service organization and delivery in the tiny home village setting that can be replicated, scaled, and sustained regardless of model or service mix. Given the significant barriers to accessing healthcare faced by PEH, the tiny home village setting can serve as an effective engagement point for PEH, particularly for those averse to traditional shelters or care settings. / 2024-07-05T00:00:00Z

Homelessness represents a significant and multifaceted challenge that profoundly impacts numerous individuals on a global scale. It is noteworthy that approximately one third of the homeless population comprises women, and alarmingly, roughly 90% of single parents experiencing homelessness are women. Moreover, among women facing homelessness, mental health issues and substance abuse are disproportionately prevalent, as has been observed in recent research by O'Campo and colleagues (2023). The factors leading to homelessness among women are intricate and diverse, as evidenced by scholarly investigations. Vulnerability to violence, exploitation, and marginalization, coupled with limited access to resources and essential life skills, are among the prominent underlying reasons (Milaney et al., 2020). Considering these critical challenges, the development of effective interventions becomes imperative. Addressing the issue of inadequate life skills necessitated the creation of a specialized program, spearheaded by occupational therapists (OT). This life skills program was meticulously crafted following an extensive review of the existing literature and thoughtfully incorporated elements from previous successful initiatives, such as the Housing First Program (HFP) and the Supporting Many for Residential Transition (SMART) program. The proposed occupational therapy (OT)-led life skills program is set to be implemented at a transitional living facility under the auspices of the Father Bills & Mainspring (FBMS) organization, situated in the Boston, MA area. This program will be twelve weeks and specifically designed to cater to women between the ages of 18 and 30, who currently reside within the transitional living facility. The program's core emphasis will be on developing essential living skills, encompassing independent living proficiencies, as well as employment readiness capabilities. The overarching objective of this intervention is to equip the participants with essential skills, empowering them to secure gainful employment and successfully transition into self-sufficient housing arrangements. Upon the conclusion of the twelve-week program, it is predicted that the participants will acquire profound knowledge and skills concerning independent living and employment. These proficiencies will be subject to evaluation through the administration of a comprehensive questionnaire. Moreover, the prospective long-term outcomes of this program encompass the participants' capacity to maintain sustainable arrangements for independent living and pursue meaningful and lasting employment opportunities. If the efficacy of this program attains the anticipated positive outcomes, the overarching objective shall entail its integration as a permanent fixture within the institutional framework of the FBMS organization. Furthermore, its propagation across additional homelessness organizations in the area of Boston, MA, would be a desired outcome, thus amplifying its societal impact and fostering greater support for those facing housing instability.

Thesis advisor: Ingu Hwang / Transitional justice (TJ) measures such as amnesty and lustration laws, truth commissions, and reparation programs have been widely utilized worldwide in an effort to come to terms with dark pasts and mass atrocities. However, these measures have had varying levels of success, which begs the question: how successful really is TJ in enacting the change that needs to take place? To answer this question, an analysis into the imagination and implementation of TJ, its globalization and localization, and its relationship with democratization is conducted. Case studies include TJ measures in South Korea, Chile, Albania, and Rwanda and includes multilingual primary and secondary sources such as government reports, presidential speeches, academic and legal journals, museums, protest picket signs, literature, documentaries, and news articles. It is concluded that TJ measures are both successful and unsuccessful, which depends on (1) a desire from the people, (2) a balance between global and local efforts, and (3) whether one or multiple TJ measures are employed simultaneously. Specific policy and field recommendations are outlined at the end. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: International Studies.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.