KEY WORDS Translation into Czech, Czech Literature, French Literature, Literary Reception, Translation History, Czechoslovakia ABSTRACT This MA thesis focuses on translation of French literature into Czech in the period between 1918 and 1929. The thesis is based on a corpus of bibliographic data, which is submitted to analysis from both quantitative and qualitative perspective. The main aim of this study is to describe the spectrum of Czech translations of French fiction published in the second decade of the 20th century. Firstly, the thesis identifies the most often published authors as well as the most influential Czech publishers and describes their major areas of interest. The translated works are classified by genre and literary movement with reference to the prevalent classification in today's referential works on French literary history. Secondly, the thesis summarizes the principal tendencies in the reception of French literature in Czech translation during the period in question.

In this thesis, medieval free translation is explored as a text-producing practice as it appears in Alexanders saga, a 13th century Old Norse translation of the medieval Latin epic Alexandreis. The practice is investigated through analyses of (1) the rendering of the source text and (2) the translator’s role in making the target text. The rendering is analyzed through a systematic comparison between source and target text using a method of analysis based on systemic functional linguistics (SFL). Contrary to what was assumed previously, the rendering pro­ves to be consistent in the text, but a surprising result is that the rendering in chapters 2–4 and in chapters 1 and 6–10 respectively represent two significantly dif­ferent patterns, the former being closer to the source text than the latter, pre­sumably due to two different translators. The investigation further confirms an observation in previous research on Old Norse free translation that the rendering of parts in direct speech are closer to the source than that of narrative and descriptive discourse. The rendering is closest where the translator indicates that he is quoting the author of the source text. These patterns are found in both groups of chapters, and as they are confirmed in other Old Norse translations, they might be interpreted as a translation norm. The conceptions of translation are further investigated by examining what kind of text-producing role the translator assumes. It is claimed that, despite the freedom in free ren­dering, the translator assumes the role of intermediary between the source text and the receivers of the target text rather than the role of independent text pro­ducer. From an analysis of the translator’s metatextual additions, it seems as though this is also what the translator assumes the receivers of the text expect him to do. The results indicate the presence of certain conceptions of how translation was to be carried out in West Nordic society. The ”free” translation strategies did not mean freedom from or obliviousness to translation norms, but rather re­late to a specific text-producing practice.

The PhD thesis studies the translations and the overall reception of John Donneʼs poetry in the Czech literary culture. Its introduction explains the choice of the topic, outlines the structure of the text and the main question to be answered: to what extent Donne has become a significant presence in the Czech cultural context and how his work has been transplanted through translations. The first chapter gives a brief overview of the historical changes in the appreciation of Donneʼs poetry and, drawing on a range of Donnean literature, attempts to define the main features of his poetics. The second chapter traces the gradual building of an awareness of Donneʼs poetry among Czech readers through translations, translation paratexts and references in the works of Czech literary scholars. It introduces the Czech translators of Donne and discusses their motives for translating his work where these could be ascertained. The first part of Chapter 3 describes the method used in analyzing the Czech translations. It introduces the model of translation criticism presented by Antoine Berman in his analysis of French Donnean translations (Pour une critique des traductions: John Donne, 1995) and comments on its application in the study of the Czech translations. The second part sums up the findings of two...

Jin Ping Mei 金瓶梅, œuvre controversée dès son apparition à la fin du XVIe siècle, fut très tôt reconnue comme une des œuvres phare du roman chinois en langue vulgaire, notamment par Feng Menglong 馮夢龍 (1574-1646) qui le désigna comme un des Si da qishu 四 大奇書 (Quatre grands livres extraordinaires). De nombreux mystères à son sujet restent encore débattus aujourd’hui, parmi lesquels l’identité de son auteur, l’authenticité de ses éditions, ou les interprétations possibles de ce roman. La réputation exécrable dont il continue de souffrir en Chine continentale ne l’a pas empêché de susciter l’intérêt des premiers sinologues français et anglais et ceci dès 1816. En prenant pour point de départ une analyse des sources et une synthèse des hypothèses en cours concernant Jin Ping Mei et ses interprétations, notre thèse fera le point sur toutes les adaptations et traductions en anglais et en français de l’ouvrage, notamment en mettant en parallèle les deux meilleures traductions intégrales dont nous disposons actuellement, à savoir en français, celle d’André Lévy (1985), et en anglais, celle de David Tod Roy (de 1993 à 2013). Cette confrontation nous permettra de distinguer les différentes interprétations de l’ouvrage retenues par les traducteurs, et d’exposer les stratégies mises en place par eux pour le traduire. Un aspect crucial de notre travail consistera à souligner dans notre critique les positions interprétatives des traducteurs, et le potentiel interprétatif qui résulte de leurs choix. Loin de vouloir appliquer à ces traductions un jugement de valeur, nous espérons au contraire offrir une meilleure compréhension de la profondeur de cette œuvre si complexe et controversée. / Jin Ping Mei 金瓶梅, one of the greatest masterpieces of the vernacular Chinese fiction, faced controversy ever since it appeared at the end of the 16th century. Scholars like Feng Menglong馮夢龍 (1574-1646) recognized the novel to be exceptional early on, placing it amongst the Si da qishu 四大奇書 (Four Masterworks of the Ming Novel). However, there still is a halo of unresolved mysteries around Jin Ping Mei, despite the fact that it has been the focal point of numerous studies. Some questions remain unsolved, such as the identity of its author, the authenticity of its editions, or its possible interpretations. Despite the bad reputation that the novel still suffers from in mainland China, its raised the interest from French and English sinologists as soon as 1816. Ever since, the novel has been the subject of partial translations and adaptations highly perfectible. Starting with an analysis of the sources and a synthesis of current hypothesis about the book and its interpretations, our thesis will then focus on all the adaptations and translations of the novel in English and in French, to ultimately confront the two best integral translations available to that day, namely André Lévy’s (1985) and David Tod Roy’s (1993 to 2013). This confrontation will allow us to distinguish the interpretations that translators had of the novel, and to expose the strategies they resorted to. A crucial part of our work will be to underline the interpretative positions of both translators, and the interpretative potential that results from their choices. Our goal is not to judge of the value of said translations, but rather to offer a better understanding of the depth of Jin Ping Mei. / 自十六世紀末問世以來，《金瓶梅》一直都是一部有爭議的作品。作為一部中國古代通俗長篇小說的著作，以及被馮夢龍稱為“四大奇書”之一，《金瓶梅》至今為止仍存在許多未解之謎。雖然對作品的相關研究日漸增多，但是關於作者的身份、版本以及對作品的闡釋等問題尚未達成共識。直至今日，《金瓶梅》在中國仍臭名昭著，但是這並不妨礙它在國外的流傳。早至1816 年，這部作品便引起了法國第一位漢學家的注意。兩個世紀以來，在法國紛紛出現了各種選段翻譯、改寫以及問題種種的不完整的法譯本。同樣，《金瓶梅》在英美國家的傳播之路也是漫長而艱難。該論文首先對《金瓶梅》的文學特色以及作品闡釋的問題進行相關探討，然後對《金瓶梅》所有翻譯和改寫的法譯本和英譯本進行研究，特別是對該作品的兩個完整的法譯本(André Lévy 雷威安 1985 年譯成)和英譯本(David TodRoy 苪效衛 1993 年至2013 年五卷本) 進行對比研究。通過對這些譯本的研究，我們能深入地了解譯者對作品的闡釋，他們採用的翻譯策略，以及他們譯本的優劣性。該論文的研究重點是譯者對作品闡釋的主體性，以及他們的翻譯策略給譯本讀者對原著理解帶來的影響。我們的研究並不是為了對譯本進行質量的評估，而是通過對譯本的研究來讓我們對《金瓶梅》這一複雜而極具爭議的作品有更深層的了解。

In 1866, the Austrian Civil Code (Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch - ABGB) was translated into English for the first time by the Viennese lawyer Josef Maximilian Winiwarter. This is a story about the agency and empowerment of this important legal translator and how his translation influenced other translators and texts. The first part of this dissertation explores Winiwarter's life and his motivations for translating the ABGB into English and introduces the premise that Winiwarter's text was pivotal in creating a standard of legal terminology and phrasing for future civil-law texts in English. With the help of case studies and context-oriented research, the second part maps out the agency of Winiwarter and the influence his landmark translation has had on other translators and legal practitioners. It showcases two additional English translations of the ABGB, one in the mid-twentieth century and the other in the early twenty-first century, in order to substantiate just how influential Winiwarter's translation was, even a century later. The final part looks at the recommendations and strategies of Winiwarter and his successors in an attempt to offer practical guidance to legal translators based on the Winiwarter tradition and the research carried out in the dissertation. It also makes reference to...

Esta tese apresenta um panorama detalhado da história de adaptações de Dom Quixote no Brasil (1886-2013), ressaltando as dez adaptações mais publicadas nesses 127 anos: Carlos Jansen (1886); Monteiro Lobato (1936); Orígenes Lessa (1970); José Angeli (1985); Ferreira Gullar (2002); Walcyr Carrasco (2002); Leonardo Chianca (2005); Rosana Rios (2005), Ana Maria Machado (2005) e Fábio Bortolazzo Pinto (2008), abrangendo questões historiográficas e seus agentes, incluindo as biografias de adaptadores, alguns deles entrevistados. O objetivo deste estudo multidisciplinar é iniciar um exame da relação controversa entre retraduções de clássicos da literatura infantojuvenil. Faremos referência aos Estudos de Tradução, especialmente a críticos da área de Retradução (Antoine Berman, Yves Gambier, Anthony Pym, Koskinen e Paloposki entre outros), aos estudos da escola de manipulação (Lefevere) e aos Estudos de Adaptação (Milton, Hutcheon e Sanders). A análise também leva em conta as peculiaridades da tradução de literatura infantil (OSullivan, Lathey, Soriano), e estudos sobre o Quixote realizados por hispanistas como Edward Riley, Anthony Close, Erich Auerbach e Maria Augusta da Costa Vieira. Para a análise descritiva comparativa dos dez textos ficcionais, criamos uma ferramenta: Tabela Analítica Ponderada, e analisamos os elementos paratextuais segundo os estudos de Genette e Gürçalar. Essas reescrituras coexistem com outras edições, como aquelas lançadas pelas comemorações do 400o aniversário do Quixote (2005 e 2015), que deram um impulso considerável para a indústria editorial, resultando em dezenas de novas publicações sobre o famoso romance espanhol e outros livros de Cervantes, incluindo novas adaptações e reimpressões de obras em prosa, quadrinhos e cordel, e versões estrangeiras traduzidas, como pode ser visto no catálogo anexo de 325 publicações, das 74 diferentes adaptações do Quixote. / This thesis provides a detailed overview of the history of adaptations of Don Quijote in Brazil (1886-2013), focusing on the ten most published adaptations during those 127 years: Carlos Jansen (1886); Monteiro Lobato (1936); Orígenes Lessa (1970); José Angeli (1985); Ferreira Gullar (2002); Walcyr Carrasco (2002); Leonardo Chianca (2005); Rosana Rios (2005), Ana Maria Machado (2005) and Fabio Bortolazzo Pinto (2008), and covering historiographical issues and their agents, including the biographies of adapters, some of them interviewed. The aim of this multidisciplinary study is to initiate an examination of the controversial relationship between retranslations and retranslations of adults classics for children. In carrying out such an examination, reference will be made to Translation Studies, especially critics discussing Retranslation (Antoine Berman, Yves Gambier, Anthony Pym, Koskinen and Paloposki among others), the studies of the Manipulation School (Lefevere) and Adaptation Studies (Milton, Hutcheon, and Sanders). The analysis will also take into account the peculiarities of childrens literature translation (OSullivan, Lathey, and Soriano) and studies about Don Quijote, using Cervantess critics as Edward Riley, Anthony Close, Erich Auerbach and Maria Augusta da Costa Vieira. For the comparative descriptive analysis of the ten fictional texts, we create a tool: the Analytical Weighted Table, and the paratext elements\' study follows Genette and Gürçalar studies. These rewritings coexist alongside with other editions, as the celebrations of Don Quixotes 400th anniversary (2005 and 2015) gave considerable impetus to the publishing industry and resulted in dozens of new publications regarding the famous novel and other Cervantes books, including new adaptations and reprints of works in prose, comics and cordel, and translated foreign versions, as can be seen in the annexed catalogue of 325 publications of the 74 different Quixotes adaptations.

Esta tese apresenta um panorama detalhado da história de adaptações de Dom Quixote no Brasil (1886-2013), ressaltando as dez adaptações mais publicadas nesses 127 anos: Carlos Jansen (1886); Monteiro Lobato (1936); Orígenes Lessa (1970); José Angeli (1985); Ferreira Gullar (2002); Walcyr Carrasco (2002); Leonardo Chianca (2005); Rosana Rios (2005), Ana Maria Machado (2005) e Fábio Bortolazzo Pinto (2008), abrangendo questões historiográficas e seus agentes, incluindo as biografias de adaptadores, alguns deles entrevistados. O objetivo deste estudo multidisciplinar é iniciar um exame da relação controversa entre retraduções de clássicos da literatura infantojuvenil. Faremos referência aos Estudos de Tradução, especialmente a críticos da área de Retradução (Antoine Berman, Yves Gambier, Anthony Pym, Koskinen e Paloposki entre outros), aos estudos da escola de manipulação (Lefevere) e aos Estudos de Adaptação (Milton, Hutcheon e Sanders). A análise também leva em conta as peculiaridades da tradução de literatura infantil (OSullivan, Lathey, Soriano), e estudos sobre o Quixote realizados por hispanistas como Edward Riley, Anthony Close, Erich Auerbach e Maria Augusta da Costa Vieira. Para a análise descritiva comparativa dos dez textos ficcionais, criamos uma ferramenta: Tabela Analítica Ponderada, e analisamos os elementos paratextuais segundo os estudos de Genette e Gürçalar. Essas reescrituras coexistem com outras edições, como aquelas lançadas pelas comemorações do 400o aniversário do Quixote (2005 e 2015), que deram um impulso considerável para a indústria editorial, resultando em dezenas de novas publicações sobre o famoso romance espanhol e outros livros de Cervantes, incluindo novas adaptações e reimpressões de obras em prosa, quadrinhos e cordel, e versões estrangeiras traduzidas, como pode ser visto no catálogo anexo de 325 publicações, das 74 diferentes adaptações do Quixote. / This thesis provides a detailed overview of the history of adaptations of Don Quijote in Brazil (1886-2013), focusing on the ten most published adaptations during those 127 years: Carlos Jansen (1886); Monteiro Lobato (1936); Orígenes Lessa (1970); José Angeli (1985); Ferreira Gullar (2002); Walcyr Carrasco (2002); Leonardo Chianca (2005); Rosana Rios (2005), Ana Maria Machado (2005) and Fabio Bortolazzo Pinto (2008), and covering historiographical issues and their agents, including the biographies of adapters, some of them interviewed. The aim of this multidisciplinary study is to initiate an examination of the controversial relationship between retranslations and retranslations of adults classics for children. In carrying out such an examination, reference will be made to Translation Studies, especially critics discussing Retranslation (Antoine Berman, Yves Gambier, Anthony Pym, Koskinen and Paloposki among others), the studies of the Manipulation School (Lefevere) and Adaptation Studies (Milton, Hutcheon, and Sanders). The analysis will also take into account the peculiarities of childrens literature translation (OSullivan, Lathey, and Soriano) and studies about Don Quijote, using Cervantess critics as Edward Riley, Anthony Close, Erich Auerbach and Maria Augusta da Costa Vieira. For the comparative descriptive analysis of the ten fictional texts, we create a tool: the Analytical Weighted Table, and the paratext elements\' study follows Genette and Gürçalar studies. These rewritings coexist alongside with other editions, as the celebrations of Don Quixotes 400th anniversary (2005 and 2015) gave considerable impetus to the publishing industry and resulted in dozens of new publications regarding the famous novel and other Cervantes books, including new adaptations and reprints of works in prose, comics and cordel, and translated foreign versions, as can be seen in the annexed catalogue of 325 publications of the 74 different Quixotes adaptations.

El presente volumen es el resultado de una selección de las ponencias presentadas en el coloquio internacional "Jorge Luis Borges: Translación e Historia" realizado con el auspicio de la Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft en el Centro de Investigación Iberoamericana del 4 al 9 de diciembre de 2007 y pone en el centro de su reflexión a Borges como fenómeno de "translación", entendiendo por el concepto de "translación" un complejo proceso cultural, medial, social y pragmasemiótico que abarca tanto los campos de la literatura como los de la antropología, la etnología, la filosofía, la historia, los medios de comunicación y también los de la gestualidad, el cuerpo y diversos sistemas discursivos. La estrategia translatológica pone de manifiesto la "recodificación", "transformación", "reinvención" e "invención" de la enunciación que transporta sistemas culturales (lengua, códigos como religión, costumbres, saber, organización social, naturaleza, etc.) de donde nace un nuevo sistema cultural que se concretiza en un proceso semiótico de codificación, decodificación y recodificación, de producción y de escenificación con nuevas "funciones". Y aquí es donde yacen los criterios más importantes del acto de translación. El proceso de translación —como proceso híbrido en sí— incluye por cierto la transmedialidad y no tan sólo el acto de producción y recepción, sino también el de la inscripción de una mediación o trasfiguración en el acto de translación con una finalidad determinada. Además, el acto de translación es en su totalidad un proceso de escenificación basado en sus constituyentes tales como la representación, la imagen, la escritura o el gesto.

À la cour anglaise de la reine consort Henriette Marie (1625-1642), la traduction est utilisée comme outil politique, dont l’un des rôles est d’imposer l’héritage linguistique, culturel et catholique de la reine à l’Angleterre calviniste. La cour d’Henriette Marie devient un véritable pôle d’importation de la littérature et de la culture française et catholique en Angleterre. Pendant le règne de Charles Ier, le mécénat de la reine attire de nombreux traducteurs et traductrices en quête de faveurs royales; pour les obtenir, ces derniers produisent des versions anglaises des genres littéraires en vogue en France (comme les romans pastoraux, la littérature dévote, ou encore les pièces de théâtre). Les activités de ces traducteurs et traductrices n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’études systématiques, ce qui en fait un projet intéressant du point de vue de l’histoire de la traduction et de l’histoire littéraire. La présente étude porte sur les rôles de la traduction et des traducteurs à la cour anglaise de la reine Henriette Marie entre 1625 et 1642. La traduction y est définie comme une pratique instigatrice de liens culturels, politiques et sociaux dans le contexte de l’histoire transnationale entre l’Angleterre et la France. Pour mener à bien mon projet, je m’appuie sur des travaux se rapportant aux aspects culturels et idéologiques de la traduction dans la culture de cour des Stuart et des études récentes sur les traductions imprimées en Angleterre prémoderne. J’étudie le mécénat, la production littéraire et la circulation des textes; puis les réseaux politiques, sociaux, idéologiques et enfin les réseaux de l’imprimé liés à la production de traductions à la cour de la reine pendant le règne de son mari, Charles Ier. Pour ce faire, j’étudie la culture de cour en Angleterre et en France au début du XVIIe siècle, le rôle de la traduction dans cette culture, l’impact de la culture de l’imprimé et de l’histoire matérielle sur le choix des textes à traduire, puis la manière dont ils circulent. En explorant l’histoire culturelle et littéraire du point de vue de la matérialité et de l’agentivité, je reconstitue des réseaux politiques, culturels et idéologiques entre l’Angleterre et le continent européen. Cette thèse par articles réunit deux chapitres rédigés en français dans lesquels je précise le contexte et la démarche de la recherche, ainsi que quatre études de cas rédigées en anglais. Par l’analyse d’un corpus de traductions imprimées à l’extérieur de la Grande-Bretagne, le chapitre 3 souligne l’importance des réseaux culturels transnationaux en Angleterre prémoderne et nous aide à comprendre la production et la circulation des traductions imprimées en Europe au XVIIe siècle. Le chapitre 4 fait état des concepts de l’agentivité et du mécénat en histoire de la traduction et culmine par l’analyse du cas de Thomas Hawkins, agent traduisant, lié à la cour d’Henriette Marie notamment par les traductions qu’il dédicace à la reine. Le chapitre 5 porte sur le rôle des femmes et de la littérature catholique à la cour de la reine Henriette Marie. J’y explore la participation des femmes à la création et à la diffusion de traductions, notamment celle des femmes mécènes, ou encore celles des femmes qui dédicacent des œuvres à des personnalités connues de l’entourage de la reine. Enfin, le chapitre 6 explore les réseaux transnationaux d’échanges culturels entre l’Angleterre et le continent européen à partir d’un traité catholique rédigé par l’auteur français Jean Puget de la Serre, imprimé à Bruxelles, puis dédicacé à Henriette Marie et Charles Ier. Ensemble, ces chapitres visent à dresser un portrait représentatif du contexte culturel, politique et idéologique complexe dans lequel circulaient les traductions imprimées. En annexe, je recense le corpus inédit de traductions imprimées entre 1625 et 1642 et lié à la cour anglaise d’Henriette Marie. Le corpus est en évolution constante; il compte actuellement 78 entrées. L’approche retenue pour le projet est à la fois ascendante et descendante : j’emploie les méthodes d’analyse macro-historiques sous la forme de l’analyse des structures de pouvoir, des institutions et des mécènes, puis, afin de dresser un portrait complet du rôle des traducteurs à la cour de la reine, j’analyse les paratextes, les textes, et les correspondances des traducteurs dans les livres imprimés. La complémentarité de ces approches fait l’originalité de mon projet de recherche et vise à assurer une représentation fidèle des actions entreprises par les agents traduisants à la cour anglaise d’Henriette Marie. De plus, je contribue à la recherche en histoire de la traduction en offrant des données indispensables sur les traducteurs de la première modernité anglaise, leurs pratiques et les réseaux dans lesquels ils opéraient. / At the English Court of Queen consort Henrietta Maria (1625–1642), translation was used as a political tool, partly to impose the queen’s linguistic, cultural and Catholic heritage on Calvinist England. Her court was a veritable hub of imported literature, as well as French and Catholic culture. During the reign of her husband, Charles I, the queen’s patronage attracted male and female translators who sought her protection by publishing English versions of literary genres that were trending in France at the time (such as pastorals, dévot literature, or plays). However, the place of translation in the literary activity that made her court so remarkable has never been systematically studied. The purpose of this project is therefore to offer a comprehensive analysis of the role played by translators and translation in the literary culture of Henrietta Maria’s English Court. In this thesis, translation is defined as a practice instigating cultural, political and social ties in the transnational history linking England and France. My research draws on scholarship pertaining to the cultural and ideological aspects of translation in Stuart Court culture and builds on recent studies on the intersection between translation and print in early modern Europe. I study patterns of patronage, literary production, and text circulation; then I probe the political, social, religious, and print networks involved in the production of translations associated with the Queen’s court and extending well beyond its social or geographical boundaries. Specifically, I examine early 17th-century English and French court culture, the place of translation within this culture, and the impact of print culture and material history on the selection and circulation of translated texts. By studying the cultural and literary history from the perspective of materiality and agency, I recreate the political, cultural and ideological networks that operated between Great Britain and continental Europe. This article thesis begins with two chapters written in French in which I specify the context and chosen approach, and which are followed by four case studies written in English. Through an analysis of translations that are printed outside of Great Britain, the case study in chapter 3 highlights the significance of transnational cultural networks in early modern England and helps us understand the production and circulation of printed translations in 17th-century Europe. Chapter 4 consists of an exploration of the concepts of agency and patronage in translation history and culminates with the case of Thomas Hawkins, a translating agent with ties to the queen’s court and continental Jesuit Colleges. The fifth chapter addresses the role of women and Catholic recusant literature at the court of Henrietta Maria. In it, I investigate the participation of women in the creation and distribution of translations, notably as patrons, translators, and printers. In the final chapter, I explore transnational networks of cultural exchange between England and Europe with, as a starting point, a Catholic treatise written by French author Jean Puget de la Serre, which was printed in Brussels though dedicated to Henrietta Maria and Charles I. Together, these chapters offer a comprehensive analysis of the role played by translators and translation in the literary culture of Henrietta Maria’s English Court. The thesis is followed by the corpus of translations linked to the English Court of Queen Henrietta Maria and printed between 1625 and 1642 that I have established. The corpus continues to expand as I pursue this research, and currently comprises 78 titles. The approach I have selected for this project is both top-down and bottom-up: I use macrohistoric analysis methods to investigate power structures, institutions, and patronage; then, to establish a comprehensive overview of the roles of translators at the queen’s Court, I analyze paratexts, texts, and the correspondence of translators in printed books. The synergy between these approaches lends originality to the project and ensures an accurate representation of the actions of translating agents at the English Court of Henrietta Maria. My work contributes to research in translation history by providing some much needed insight into early modern translators, their practices, and the networks in which they were involved.

By combing DTS with a three-dimensional model adapted from DHA, we aim to study the discursive construction of national identities in (political) diplomatic discourse between China and the West, from a translation perspective. Specifically, we examine the translation of national affiliations and forms of address between 1792 and 1867, when China was experiencing a national identity crisis. We describe and explain what and how the Chinese and Western national identities were constructed by translation, using mainly qualitative analysis, supported at times by quantitative analysis. We also investigate the extent to which translators have aligned themselves with the governments they served, and the norm they followed before and during the identity crisis. Traditionally, discourse-historical approach (DHA) has typically been applied to study the discursive construction of national identity in political discourse. However, DHA has not yet taken into account the phenomenon of translation, though translation is an important tool for constructing and promoting national identities. Meanwhile, translation studies (TS) on national identity have traditionally not adopted DHA, though DHA has been typically applied to study the construction of national identity in political discourse. Moreover, TS on national identity often focuses on linguistic and political tensions within a bilingual or multilingual nation or institution. However, national discourse in intercultural clashes between two distinct countries also remains to be explored. Our corpus is collected from historical discourse in diplomatic missions and discourse of diplomatic officials, which consists of 29 letters and proclamations with a total word count of 25,794. The results of this study show that the affiliations of translators shaped their translation strategies in constructing national identity. Translators who claimed allegiance to the Qing court tended to follow the norm of tributary discourse to construct a discourse where the Chinese national identity appeared superior and Sinocentric, while the Western national identity appeared inferior and subordinate. However, norms are not fixed but open to change. During the Chinese national identity crisis, the gradual change in translation regularities and the abolition of certain discursive practices via an official statement from the authorities reflected a weakening of the norm of tributary discourse. This evolution of the norm could reflect, at least in part, China’s changing attitude toward the West and the transformation of Chinese national identity. Our study contributes to PDA, political discourse translation, and translation history. Firstly, it extends the traditionally monolingual application of DHA to the bilingual context of DTS, proving that the discipline of (D)TS and DHA benefit from interdisciplinary cooperation, thus pointing to a promising direction in PDA and political discourse translation. Secondly, our study enriches TS on identity and ideology by studying different forms of power struggles in political discourse, thus enlarging the variety of political discourse and advancing a more extensive PDA. Thirdly, our study provides refreshing insights into textual markers, namely, national affiliations, nominal and pronominal forms of address, for studying identity issues in translated political discourse. Last but not least, our study contributes to the studies in the translation history of 19th-century China. / En combinant les études descriptives de la traduction (DTS) avec un modèle tridimensionnel adapté de l’approche historique-discursive (DHA), nous visons à étudier la construction discursive des identités nationales dans le discours diplomatique (politique) entre la Chine et l’Occident, du point de vue de la traduction. Plus précisément, nous examinons la traduction des affiliations nationales et des formes d’adresse dans le discours diplomatique (politique) entre 1792 et 1867, alors que la Chine traversait une crise d’identité nationale. Nous décrivons et expliquons comment les identités nationales chinoises et occidentales ont été construites par la traduction, en utilisant principalement une analyse qualitative, parfois soutenue par une analyse quantitative. Nous étudions également dans quelle mesure les traducteurs se sont alignés sur les gouvernements qu’ils servaient et la norme qu’ils suivaient avant et pendant la crise d’identité. Traditionnellement, l’DHA a été appliquée pour étudier la construction discursive de l’identité nationale dans le discours politique. Cependant, l’DHA n’a pas encore pris en compte le phénomène de la traduction, bien que la traduction soit un outil important pour la construction et la promotion des identités nationales. Par ailleurs, les études de traduction (TS) sur l’identité nationale n’ont généralement pas adopté l’DHA, bien que l’DHA ait été typiquement appliquée pour étudier la construction de l’identité nationale dans le discours politique. En outre, les TS sur l’identité nationale se concentrent souvent sur les tensions linguistiques et politiques au sein d’une nation ou d’une institution bilingue ou multilingue. Cependant, le discours national dans les conflits interculturels entre deux pays distincts reste également à explorer. Notre corpus est recueilli à partir du discours historique dans les missions diplomatiques et le discours des fonctionnaires diplomatique, qui se compose de 29 lettres et proclamations, avec un nombre total de mots de 25794. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les affiliations des traducteurs ont influencé leurs stratégies de traduction dans la construction de l’identité nationale. Les traducteurs qui se réclamaient allégeance à la cour Qing avaient tendance à suivre la norme du discours tributaire pour construire un discours où l’identité nationale chinoise apparaissait supérieure et sinocentrique, tandis que l’identité nationale occidentale apparaissait inférieure et subordonnée. Toutefois, la norme n’était pas figée mais susceptible d’évoluer. Pandent la crise de l’identité nationale chinoise, le changement progressif des régularités de traduction et l’abolition de certaines pratiques discursives par une déclaration officielle des autorités reflétaient un affaiblissement de la norme du discours tributaire. Cette évolution de la norme pourrait refléter, au moins en partie, le changement de l’attitude de la Chine envers l’Occident et la transformation de l’identité nationale chinoise. Notre étude contribue à l’analyse discours politique (PDA), à la traduction du discours politique et à l’histoire de la traduction. Premièrement, elle étend l’application traditionnellement monolingue de l’DHA au contexte bilingue des DTS, prouvant que la discipline des (D)TS et de l’DHA bénéficient de la coopération interdisciplinaire, indiquant ainsi une direction prometteuse pour l’PDA et la traduction du discours politique. Deuxièmement, notre étude enrichit les TS sur l’identité et l’idéologie en étudiant différentes formes de luttes de pouvoir dans le discours politique, élargissant ainsi la variété du discours politique et faisant progresser le PDA plus étendue. Troisièmement, notre étude apporte un éclairage nouveau sur les marqueurs textuels, à savoir les affiliations nationales, les formes nominales et pronominales de l’adresse, pour étudier les problèmes d’identité dans le discours politique traduit. Enfin, notre étude contribue aux études sur l’histoire de la traduction en Chine au 19ème siècle.