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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Mobilité durable à Cotonou: outils de régulation des transports incluant les populations précaires

Badji, Aconkpanle 29 May 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse s’intéresse particulièrement à un aspect de la durabilité sociale des transports urbains à Cotonou au Bénin :la mobilité des populations pauvres. L’objectif global est de contribuer à l’amélioration des transports à Cotonou en faveur des populations pauvres de la ville. De façon spécifique, la thèse se propose de mettre en lumière le processus de mise à l’écart des citadins pauvres depuis les origines de la ville jusqu’à la formation des quartiers précaires, et d'en observer les ruptures et continuités. Dans un deuxième temps, elle ambitionne analyser l’offre de transport à Cotonou et étudier fondamentalement la mobilité des citadins pauvres. Elle propose enfin des solutions de politiques améliorantes afin de mieux intégrer la satisfaction des besoins de mobilité et d’accessibilité des populations défavorisées dans le système de transport urbain et d’y assurer plus d’équité. <p>Le recours à l'approche historique a permis d'analyser le processus de mise à l'écart des pauvres, tandis qu'une enquête individuelle de mobilité a permis d'étudier leurs habitudes de déplacement. Cette enquête a pris en compte un échantillon représentatif de 660 personnes pauvres âgées de 15 à 59 ans, issus de 4 quartiers très pauvres de Cotonou. Elle a été complétée par une démarche plus qualitative par l'administration de questionnaires semi-structurés à 20 enquêtés. La dernière démarche a consisté à investiguer le système de transports urbain dans ses trois dimensions (infrastructures, services de transport et aspects institutionnels) afin d'en saisir les contraintes et réalités.<p>Cette étude montre une expression de mobilité atypique des citadins pauvres. Les analyses entreprises sur les caractéristiques socio-économiques de cette population pauvre montrent un sous équipement en moyens de transport dans un contexte de difficulté d’accès aux transports publics. On note de rares utilisations du transport public, les déplacements sont courts, rares et s’inscrivent dans l’utile, il s’agit prioritairement des déplacements contraints. Mais ces habitudes coopèrent également avec des stratégies d’auto-emploi à domicile ou dans le quartier qui permettent ainsi à beaucoup de pauvres d’éviter les dépenses en transport. Les témoignages permettent de lire également les stratégies de gestion à moindre coût des déplacements lorsque les populations se résolvent à les mener :combinaison de la marche avec d’autres moyens, aides de proches, etc. D’autres logiques gouvernent également à certaines habitudes et qui sont plus culturelles avec des orientations liées au genre. Dans cette même mouvance, on note différents rapports des individus à l’espace et qui participent de la logique des courts déplacements dans les environs du domicile. Les habitudes de déplacement des pauvres participent d’un isolement qui n’autorise que fort peu leur contribution à la vie de la cité et à son développement. Dans ces conditions, leur sortie du cercle vicieux de la pauvreté est mise à l'épreuve.<p>D’un autre côté, le système de transport à Cotonou révèle des défaillances qui, à l’analyse, renforcent la pénibilité des déplacements des citadins pauvres. L’offre de transport évolue dans un désordre favorisé par la démission des puissances publiques et l’afflux dans le secteur de milliers d’opérateurs artisanaux qui gèrent en partie, exploitent et régulent le système. Le réseau routier est dégradé et faiblement revêtu alors que l’aménagement des routes bitumées et pavées n’intègre guère leur exploitation aisée et planifiée, par des services de transport public structurés. <p>L’ampleur des défaillances dans les divers compartiments de l’offre de transport ainsi que la pénibilité des conditions de déplacement des pauvres nécessitent impérativement un remède adapté. De là vient la prospection de plusieurs pistes pour l’amélioration du système de transport. Mais le fonctionnement de ces pistes nécessite à la fois un effort d’organisation et de régulation du système. D’où des analyses et suggestions pour un portage institutionnel adéquat. Mais l’opérationnalisation d’une telle option équivaut au réglage d’une suite de complexes défis.<p> / Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
62

Non-motorised transport as key element to an integrated rapid public transport network: the Cato Manor case

Cele, Nomfundo Gugulethu Precious 12 1900 (has links)
In South Africa, non-motorised transport (NMT) modes such as cycling and walking are generally used by poor people to access centres of employment, public services (for example, library, educational institutions, public transport) and other amenities as well as for recreational activities. Notably, the lack of integration among the different public transport modes (namely, NMT, bus, train and minibus) creates a major obstacle in the provision of an integrated, sustainable and effective public transport system. Likewise, the absence of proper recognition of NMT in government and social strata creates a problem in the supply of a satisfactory public transport service, that is, a public transport service that meets the needs of all users. Motivated by the gap in NMT integration with the overall public transport system, the study was undertaken to explore enabling factors to integrate NMT as a key element of the Integrated Rapid Public Transport Network (IRPTN). Social and political factors were explored, specifically, post-modern theory in urban transport planning and policy. In addition, the study explored enabling factors to integrate NMT as a feeder service and key element of an IRPTN from the perspectives of the participants of the study. The results of the study showed that infrastructure, the environment, promotion, and safety and security were identified as enabling factors to integrate NMT as a key element of an IRPTN. According to the results, government needs to promote NMT use. Subsequently, construction and the repair or widening of sidewalks and roads needs to be done. The results also showed that attractive NMT environments are necessary as well as adequate safety and security measures along NMT routes. It is suggested that a seamless, safe, inclusive, affordable, effective and reliable public transport system could be provided once these enabling factors are in place. Further research is advised, within the wider public transport population in eThekwini, as well as other NMT and public transport systems. The emphasis of this research should be on finding out whether the broader public transport population responds in the same way to the idea of integrating NMT and public transport. / Transport Economics, Logistics and Tourism / M. Com. (Transport Economics)
63

Programa ciclovida como política de mobilidade urbana sustentável: estudo empírico na Universidade Federal do Paraná / Ciclovida program as sustainable urban mobility policy: empirical study at the Federal University of Parana

Nakamori, Silvana 01 September 2015 (has links)
A mobilidade urbana tem na bicicleta o seu símbolo de meio de transporte ecologicamente mais sustentável do planeta, título conferido pelas Organizações das Nações Unidas (ONU). No entanto, as cidades sofrem com congestionamentos decorrentes do crescimento da frota automobilística, que ocasiona um tempo maior de deslocamento, prejuízos para o meio ambiente, financeiros e de qualidade de vida. A fim de moldar de forma sustentável a mobilidade urbana, fazem-se necessárias políticas públicas que incentivem a sociedade a utilizar, preferencialmente, o transporte coletivo ou o não motorizado. No intuito de colaborar com o poder público e com a sociedade civil, intenta-se neste estudo, por meio de análise sobre o Programa de Extensão Universitária da UFPR – Ciclovida, propor a elaboração de uma política pública de mobilidade urbana sustentável, com ênfase no uso da bicicleta. Referencialmente, discutem-se os conceitos de Sociedade, Estado e Governo, bem como as políticas públicas, que vão das responsabilidades do Estado e Governo aos ciclos, e apresentam-se as Políticas Públicas de Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável (PPMUS) no Brasil. Aborda-se também o transporte cicloviário como opção de mobilidade sustentável. Metodologicamente, o estudo é de cunho empírico-social, com emprego do método qualitativo e observacional, caracterizando-se, ainda, quanto ao nível de pesquisa como exploratório, tendo o envolvimento da pesquisadora na forma participante, haja vista sua atuação no Programa objeto. Quanto ao delineamento da pesquisa, deu-se de forma bibliográfica, documental e estudo de caso, utilizando-se da amostragem não paramétrica por acessibilidade ou conveniência. Quanto à técnica de coleta de dados, fez-se uso de entrevistas estruturadas com questionário autoaplicado e observação participante natural. Consoante ao objetivo e à questão de pesquisa, o resultado confirmou que o Programa Ciclovida da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) pode contribuir efetivamente na formulação de uma proposta de PPMUS com ênfase no uso da bicicleta. Assim, construiu-se uma proposta de política com redação de forma livre, a fim de subsidiar políticas tanto institucionais quanto públicas de MUS por meio do uso da bicicleta e assim auxiliar na mobilidade, contribuindo, também, com a sustentabilidade e com o planejamento de desenvolvimento público. / The urban mobility has in the bicycle its symbol of the most environmentally sustainable modal of transportation of the planet, title conferred by the United Nations Organization (ONU). Nevertheless, the cities suffer with the traffic jam caused by the automobile fleet growth, what implies in a larger displacement time, injuries to the environment, to financials and to the quality of life. In order to build in a sustainable way the urban mobility, public policies are necessary to encourage the preferential usage, by the society, of the mass transit or the non-motorized type of transportation. Objecting cooperate with the public power and the civil society, this study intents to, through an analysis about the UFPR Extension Program - CICLOVIDA, propose a sustainable urban mobility public policy development, with emphasis in the bicycle´s usage. eferentially, it is discussed concepts such as Society, State and Government as well as public policies, which go in cycles to the State´s and Government´s responsibilities; and are presented the Sustainable Urban Mobility Public Policies (PPMUS) in Brazil. Also, it is debated about the transport by bicycle as an option to the sustainable mobility. Methodologically, the study is of an empiric-social nature, with the application of both qualitative and observational methods, what characterizes as an exploratory level of research, with the researcher´s involvement in the participant form, due to her acting on the Program. Regarding the research lineation, it was used the bibliographic and documental form as well as case study, by means of the nonparametric sampling by accessibility or convenience. Related to the data collection technique, it was used structured interviews with self-applied questionnaires and natural participant observation. Aligned with the research´s objective and matter, the outcome confirmed that the Extension Program CICLOVIDA of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) may effectively contribute in the development of a PPMUS proposal with emphasis in the bicycle usage. Thus, it was built a political proposal with a free form writing, objecting subsidize policies both institutional as public MUS through the bicycle usage and therefore, support the mobility, also contributing to the sustainability and to the public development planning.
64

Uma nova proposta para análise do sistema de transporte público utilizando redes complexas ponderadas / A new proposal for analysis of the public transport system using weighted complex networks

De Bona, Anderson Andrei 02 August 2017 (has links)
Com base na teoria de redes complexas, este trabalho analisa as características das redes de sistema transporte público (STPs) de duas grandes cidades brasileiras (Curitiba e São Paulo) usando a representação do tipo Espaço-L e Espaço-P, através de métricas não ponderadas e ponderadas (distância geográfica entre as paradas de veículos e frequência dos veículos nos pontos de paradas). É proposta uma nova forma de classificar as métricas de redes complexas (orientadas a congestionamento e acessibilidade) aplicadas exclusivamente aos STPs. Também é proposta uma nova forma de interpretar resultados baseados em distância geográfica e frequência através do inverso da distância e inverso da frequência. Através da classificação das métricas também são propostas duas novas métricas para identificação de congestionamento em STP, além de uma nova forma de utilizar a representação utilizando mapas geográficos baseado em curvas de dispersão para identificar regiões de congestionamento e de acessibilidade do STP. Para a cidade de Curitiba é realizado um estudo que analisa o STP ao longo da semana (dia útil, sábados e domingos) e ao longo do dia útil através de 14 intervalos de horários com a finalidade de avaliar a rede de forma dinâmica. Com os resultados foi possível identificar comportamentos em regiões geográficas dos STP de Curitiba e São Paulo que podem auxiliar aos planejadores do STP a entenderem e realizar mudanças em busca de melhorias. Para os usuários é possível utilizar os resultados para buscar alternativas na utilização do STP. Outra contribuição é a interpretação e visualização dos resultados das métricas de redes complexas para avaliação de STPs. / Abstract (parágrafo único): Based on the theory of complex networks, this work analyzes the characteristics of public transport networks (PTNs) of two large Brazilian cities (Curitiba and São Paulo). Using the L-space and P-space representation, through unweighted and weighted metrics (geographical distance between vehicle stops and vehicle frequency at stop points) a new way of classifying the complex network metrics (congestion and accessibility oriented) applied exclusively to PTNs is proposed. It is also proposed a new way of interpreting results based on geographic distance and frequency by inverse distance and inverse frequency. Through the classification of the metrics also two new metrics for congestion identification in PTN are proposed, as well as a new way of using the representation using geographic maps based on dispersion curves to identify congestion and accessibility regions of the PTN. For the city of Curitiba a study is carried out that analyzes a PTN throughout the week (weekday, Saturdays and Sundays) and throughout the business day through 14 time intervals in order to evaluate the network dynamically evaluate. With the results it was possible to identify behaviors and geographic regions of the PTNs of Curitiba and São Paulo that can help the PTN planners to understand and make changes in the PTN seeking improvements. For users it is possible to use the results to find alternatives in the use of PTN. Another contribution is the way of interpreting and visualizing the results of complex network metrics for PTN evaluation, which allows the evaluation of networks through a PTN.
65

Uma nova proposta para análise do sistema de transporte público utilizando redes complexas ponderadas / A new proposal for analysis of the public transport system using weighted complex networks

De Bona, Anderson Andrei 02 August 2017 (has links)
Com base na teoria de redes complexas, este trabalho analisa as características das redes de sistema transporte público (STPs) de duas grandes cidades brasileiras (Curitiba e São Paulo) usando a representação do tipo Espaço-L e Espaço-P, através de métricas não ponderadas e ponderadas (distância geográfica entre as paradas de veículos e frequência dos veículos nos pontos de paradas). É proposta uma nova forma de classificar as métricas de redes complexas (orientadas a congestionamento e acessibilidade) aplicadas exclusivamente aos STPs. Também é proposta uma nova forma de interpretar resultados baseados em distância geográfica e frequência através do inverso da distância e inverso da frequência. Através da classificação das métricas também são propostas duas novas métricas para identificação de congestionamento em STP, além de uma nova forma de utilizar a representação utilizando mapas geográficos baseado em curvas de dispersão para identificar regiões de congestionamento e de acessibilidade do STP. Para a cidade de Curitiba é realizado um estudo que analisa o STP ao longo da semana (dia útil, sábados e domingos) e ao longo do dia útil através de 14 intervalos de horários com a finalidade de avaliar a rede de forma dinâmica. Com os resultados foi possível identificar comportamentos em regiões geográficas dos STP de Curitiba e São Paulo que podem auxiliar aos planejadores do STP a entenderem e realizar mudanças em busca de melhorias. Para os usuários é possível utilizar os resultados para buscar alternativas na utilização do STP. Outra contribuição é a interpretação e visualização dos resultados das métricas de redes complexas para avaliação de STPs. / Abstract (parágrafo único): Based on the theory of complex networks, this work analyzes the characteristics of public transport networks (PTNs) of two large Brazilian cities (Curitiba and São Paulo). Using the L-space and P-space representation, through unweighted and weighted metrics (geographical distance between vehicle stops and vehicle frequency at stop points) a new way of classifying the complex network metrics (congestion and accessibility oriented) applied exclusively to PTNs is proposed. It is also proposed a new way of interpreting results based on geographic distance and frequency by inverse distance and inverse frequency. Through the classification of the metrics also two new metrics for congestion identification in PTN are proposed, as well as a new way of using the representation using geographic maps based on dispersion curves to identify congestion and accessibility regions of the PTN. For the city of Curitiba a study is carried out that analyzes a PTN throughout the week (weekday, Saturdays and Sundays) and throughout the business day through 14 time intervals in order to evaluate the network dynamically evaluate. With the results it was possible to identify behaviors and geographic regions of the PTNs of Curitiba and São Paulo that can help the PTN planners to understand and make changes in the PTN seeking improvements. For users it is possible to use the results to find alternatives in the use of PTN. Another contribution is the way of interpreting and visualizing the results of complex network metrics for PTN evaluation, which allows the evaluation of networks through a PTN.
66

Etude de développement du transport lagunaire de personnes dans la ville d'Abidjan

Diabate, Lancine 09 March 2015 (has links)
La ville d'Abidjan est aujourd'hui confrontée à l'instar de toutes les grandes villes d'Afrique subsaharienne à un défi majeur dans le secteur des transports: une population urbaine en augmentation constante qui exige des moyens de transport appropriés. Cette question faisant l'objet de notre étude est cruciale. Il ne fait aucun doute que la ville d'Abidjan est confrontée à une crise des transports urbains.<p><p>Depuis le début des années 80, Abidjan a connu une dynamique spatiale et une croissance démographique constante. On note à Abidjan une séparation des fonctions, les emplois étant concentrés dans les quartiers au Sud de la ville tandis que le Nord constitue une zone résidentielle. Dans un tel contexte, le défi est donc de savoir quels sont les voies et moyens pour rendre le transport public efficace et durable.<p><p>Cette thèse vise l'accroissement et la diversification de l'offre de transport en commun par l'utilisation du plan d'eau lagunaire pour désengorger les voies terrestres, le développement de moyens de transport alternatifs, la lutte contre la pollution de l'environnement. Elle vise à promouvoir le transport lagunaire de personnes comme une solution aux problèmes de mobilité qui se posent à la population abidjanaise et à susciter un transfert modal d'autres modes de transports — tels que les voitures particulières, les bus, les taxis, les taxis wôrô-wôrôs — vers les bateaux-bus.<p><p>On note actuellement que l'exploitation du plan d'eau lagunaire est encore à l'état embryonnaire malgré la présence de la lagune dans onze des quatorze communes que compte le district d'Abidjan. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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