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金融控股公司為求合併能夠順利進行，於成立之初或納入其他子公司時，多會先購入部分子公司之股票，待合併完成，此購入之股票將成為金控公司之庫藏股。而由於特殊之產業性質，其庫藏股亦受金融控股公司法及其他法令釋函之限制，因此庫藏股對金融控股公司管理營運所造成影響，略有別於一般產業之公司。本文即擬針對金融控股公司其庫藏股持股與購入成本高低及嗣後處理與註銷持股可能產生的問題，對股東權益和盈餘分配能力之影響，以及公司管理上所需考慮之因素與可能面臨決策情形，試予探討，最後提出建議如下： 1、金控公司於合併過程中，有可能逾越證交法規定之限額。然在主管機關倡導鼓勵金控機構合併以壯大規模之政策下，此一現象已不重要。何況是否違反證交法似為灰色地帶。 2、庫藏股購入及持有之注意 （1）購入典型庫藏股宜量力而為，各項購入目的，於短時間內儘量予以完成，避免走入註銷持股之路。為維護公司信用所必要購入庫藏股宜少運用。 （2）注意購入庫藏股後，持有期間內保留盈餘及資本公積是否足夠彌補庫藏股出售或註銷之差損，並據以考量盈餘分配及資本公積轉增資配股之能力。 3、庫藏股之去化考驗 （1）以維護公司信用及股東權益為目的而買回之庫藏股，必須在買入後六個月內辦理註銷股份，而股價愈高之金控，愈易遭受鉅額之註銷虧損，則此類庫藏股之買入似當慎思。 （2）一般而言，買入庫藏股之每股成本均高於面額，故註銷之虧損應大於出售或轉讓予員工或轉換ECB等之虧損。因此，萬不得已，屆滿三年未有去路時，才予註銷股份。 （3）若以發行ECB或GDR來轉換數量龐大之庫藏股，是否有轉換損失當與其買入成本與股價息息相關。故以庫藏股作為ECB等轉換之用時，宜儘量完成轉換。 （4）子公司持有金融控股公司之股份價格適當時，宜於註銷期限前轉讓出去。而持股及金額大者，尤宜早日規劃其轉讓事宜。 關鍵字：金融控股公司、庫藏股

The thesis treats of stockholders' equity in joint-stock company. The thesis firstly focuses on accounting view, secondly focuses on tax and law view. In the thesis is discussed for example the function of stockholders' equity, stockholders' equity versus deposits, stockholders' equity in statements, transaction of floatation and liquidation, treasury stock, allocation of profit and stockholders' equity according to international accounting.

鑑於我國證券交易市場受非經濟因素影響致股價下跌之情形時而有之，證券主管機關一財政部證券暨期貨管理委員會為健全證券市場之發展，自民國八十五年七月起即積極研議建立庫藏股票制度，直至民國入十九年六月三十日經立法院三讀通過包括證券交易法第二十八條之二有關庫藏股等部分條文修正案，並於同年七月十九日經總統公布後，於同年八月七日訂定發布「上市上櫃公司買回本公司股份辦法」後正式實施。 庫藏股制度之實施，係為一種穩定市場的調節機制，為避免上市、上櫃公司因非財務或業務因素，導致公司股價不合理下跌，而影響公司信用、損及股東權益，於必要時由公司買回自己的股份，其對於企業延攬人才、認股權憑證等金融商品之發行及維護證券市場之安定，有積極之功能與效用。 自八十九年八月十日廣豐實業股份有限公司申報買回股份開始，截至九十年十一月底止，有三○九家上市、櫃公司施行庫藏股制度，目的為轉讓股份予員工、股權轉換或維護公司信用及股東權益而買回其股份。惟我國實施庫藏股制度將近二年，其成效如何，所帶來的經濟效果是否如主管當局所預期，公司所承擔的經營風險又是如何？諸此，乃是本研究的重點。 本研究係以八十九年八月至九十年九月底止已施行庫藏股制度之上市公司為研究對象，透過事件研究法檢驗異常報酬的方式來評估庫藏股制度的宣示效果外，並以CAPM（資本資產訂價模式），觀察公司實施庫藏股前後市場風險（β）變化；另利用無母數統計方法，就上市公司之關係企業交叉持股情況與買回庫藏股作關聯性分析，檢視交叉持股與庫藏股施行之關係。 研究結果如下： 一、公司宣告實施庫藏股前，其股價通常有異常下跌的情形，宣告前三十天至宣告前一日的累積異常報酬高達-11.80％，宣告實施庫藏股後，累積異常報酬逐漸止跌回升，其中以宣告當日至宣告後第三日的異常報酬最為明顯，宣告後三十日累積異常報酬回升至-1.93％，顯示公司實施庫藏股確實存在著穩定股價的效果。 二、公司實施庫藏股後的市場風險月，較宣告前的市場風險心顯著下降，表示就短期而言，公司實施庫藏股後確實能降低該公司證券的市場風險。 三、根據599家上市公司之關係企業持有母公司股份及買回庫藏股資料，利用卡方獨立性檢定，發現交叉持股與實施庫藏股有顯著關聯性；進一步採用Spearman等級相關分析，發現上市公司關係企業持股佔母公司已發行股份總數比例變動情形，與買回公司股份佔其已發行股份總數比例亦有顯著之關聯，呈同向變動，亦即交叉持股的情況未因庫藏股之實施而有所減少。 關鍵字：庫藏股、股票買回、交叉持股 / Seeing that sometimes our stock markets are disturbed by non-economic factors makes the price of stock come down. The Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) has been committed to developing a sound stock market. It began to consider establishing the treasury stock system since July 1996. The amendment of The Securities Law, promulgated on July 19, 2000, includes the treasury stock system. SFC announced the“Guidelines for Buying Back Company shares by TSE-listed and OTC-listed Companies”on August 7,2000. The treasury stock system is an adjustment mechanism of stable market, in order to avoid the unreasonable falling in stock price of TSE-listed and OTC- listed Companies by non-financial or financial factors, influence company credit and shareholders' equity. The company can buy back shares when it is necessary. It is positive that the company invites qualified personnel, the warrants are issued and the stability of the stock market is maintained. Since Kwong Fong Industries Corporation started to declare buying back shares on August 10, 2000. By the end of Nov. 2001, a total of 3 09 TSE-listed and OTC-listed companies carried out the treasury stock system. These companies buy back shares for the purpose of transferring to employee, conversion of stock equity, maintaining company trust and stockholders' equity. We have carried out the treasury stock system for two years. How are effects of the treasury stock system? Did it come up to expectations of SFC? How are risks of these companies operating? Such these topics are focus of this research. These TSE-listed companies of buying back company shares from August 2000 to September 2001 are objects of this study. An event study methodology is used to examine the excess returns to evaluate the announcement effects of treasury stock. By CAPM, it can compare the changes on market risk before and after these companies carried out the treasury stock system. Nonparametric method is used to analyze the relationship between the cross holding and the stock repurchase. The results of this study are as follows: 1.The stock price is often descending before the announcement on buying back company shares, the accumulative abnormal returns reach -11.080% from 30 days to I day before stock-repurchase announcement, but the accumulative abnormal returns are increasing gradually after stock-repurchase announcement. The abnormal returns have significantly from the day of announcement to 3 days after the announcement. The accumulative abnormal returns reach -1.93% on 30 days after stock-repurchase announcement. So, it exists the stock price stability effect on carrying out the treasury stock system. 2.The market risk after company buying back shares is lower significantly. In the short term, the company using the treasury stock system can reduce market risk. 3.There are significant relation between Cross-holding and stock-repurchase. Furthermore, the ratio of parent company's shares held by its subsidiary company has positive correlation with that of parent company buy back shares of its own. Key words: Treasury stock ; Stock repurchase ; Cross holding

在亞洲金融風暴逐漸席捲台灣之際，無可避免的，我國股市受到嚴重衝擊。基於美國庫藏股在股市非理性下跌時具有實質的效果以及各界要求政府放寬買回自己股份的限制，允許公司進入市場護盤下，主管機關推出了許多挽救股市的措施，其中之一就是庫藏股草案的推動。雖然目前我國法規不允許庫藏股的行為，但是我國股市卻存在實質庫藏股的情形。本研究的主要目的在探討我國上市公司實質庫藏股的相關現象，並以子公司買回母公司股票的情況、動機、及其可能之行為，例如作帳行情等作一相關探討。綜上所述，研究問題區分如下： 1、到底我國上市公司實質庫藏股的行為如何？ 2、我國股市如何反應上市公司的實質庫藏股行為？ 3、我國上市公司實質庫藏股行為是否涉及公司派大股東在董監改選之後運作手法之一？ 4、我國上市公司實質庫藏股行為是否會引起公司在結帳日作帳的行為？ 5、不同的產業別對於相同的訊息是否會有不同的股價效應？ 本研究資料取自民國八十三年至民國八十八年母公司替子公司公告買回母公司股票之樣本。本研究採用事件研究法來作實證分析，實證結果發現： 1、當有子公司公告買回母公司股票之時有正向的資訊內涵。 2、當有子公司公告買回母公司股票之後有負向的資訊內涵。 3、電子業與傳統產業對於公告相同的訊息會產生不同的顯著效果。 4、董監改選之後六個月內有子公司公告買回母公司股票之樣本者其股價異常報酬並無顯著差異。 5、有子公司買回母公司的樣本在結帳日時具有拉抬股價的作帳行情且比其他無子公司買回之樣本更顯著。 目 錄 謝辭‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥壹 中文摘要‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥貳 英文摘要‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥肆 目錄‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥伍 圖次‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥柒 表次‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥捌 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 1 第二節 研究問題 3 第三節 主要名詞定義 4 第四節 研究步驟流程與架構 7 第二章 法規探討 9 第一節 實質庫藏股之相關行為 9 第二節 公司取得自己股份之評析 13 第三節 公司取得自己股份的方式 15 第三章 文獻探討 17 第一節 國外購回及購併的文獻 17 第二節 我國有關庫藏股之相關文獻 19 第三節 我國有關交叉持股及其他之相關文獻 21 第四章 研究方法 32 第一節 理論架構 32 第二節 研究假說 33 第三節 實證方法 36 第四節 資料來源及樣本選取 44 第五章 實證結果分析 48 第一節 公告買回樣本之宣告效果 48 第二節 不同產業別之宣告效果 51 第三節 董監改選之宣告效果 55 第四節 結帳日之結帳行情 60 第六章 結論與建議 65 第一節 結論 65 第二節 研究限制 67 第三節 研究建議 68 參考文獻 71 附 錄 78 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the market responses of treasury stock repurchase in the Taiwan stock market Since the related regulations in Taiwan prevents listed companies from obtaining treasury stock, this study defines the cross investment from subsidiary to parent's stock as treasury stock. This study predicts that the main purpose of treasury stock repurchase is to manipulate voting right, stock price, and earnings number. In order to verily the hypotheses of this study, this study selects relevant samples for the period from 1994 to 1999 excluding finance and insurance industries. The major findings of this study include: 1. The market does positively response to treasury stock repurchase prior to the announcement date and four days before the announcement date. However, the results are significantly different among different industries. 2. The market negatively response to treasury stock repurchase announcement subsequent to the announcement date. However, the results are significantly different among different industries. 3. This study finds the stock price behaves abcdrmally prior to the end of each quarter, including quarterly, semiannual and annual reporting dates.

我國法令原則上禁止庫藏股的交易，但實務上相當盛行母公司透過本身可完全控制的子公司來買回母公司股票，從經濟實質的觀點來看，此一交易屬於實質的庫藏股交易。本論文之目的在探討我國「子公司買回母公司股票」之實質庫藏股交易的資訊內涵，是否和資訊假說的含意相符；其次驗證對於發生諸如借殼上市之經營權移轉情形的公司而言，「子公司買回母公司股票」交易和公司大股東出脫持股俾追求自利的經濟誘因是否有關。研究主題一共發展3個研究假說，主要擬瞭解我國子公司買進母公司股票之交易行為的資訊內涵，俾了解此交易傳遞之資訊本質，並評估市場反應是否和此資訊有關。第二個研究主題共發展4個假說，係探討借殼上市公司內部人在借殼成功後，是否會利用子公司買進其借殼時增加的持股或融資交易的股票，俾舒解資金壓力。此外，亦驗證交易過程中的股價行為，是否和內部人為極大其獲利水準而可能進行股價操縱的股價行為相同。 　　本論文是以84年至87年為研究期間，兩個主題的樣本係相互獨立。實證結果顯示：關於主題一－子公司買進母公司股票傳遞之資訊本質，本研究發現，平均而言，以子公司買進母公司股票當季與後續四季為基準，母公司在此交易的後續期間並無表現出優於預期的盈餘績效（相對於配對公司），而且在交易後亦無法觀察到分析師對母公司盈餘預測有顯著的正向修正（相對於配對公司）。另外，在控制內部人淨買入、公司規模、子公司購買股數、資金需求與產業趨勢等變數後，本研究並未發現子公司買進母公司股票時的股價反應，和母公司當季與下一季的異常正向盈餘績效有顯著的正向關係。總而言之，國內實務界雖然宣稱子公司買進母公司股票係傳遞看好母公司未來前景的訊息，但本研究的證據顯示，這項交易並非傳遞母公司未來盈餘變動的資訊，同時，此交易引發的正向市場反應，似乎並非來自投資人對母公司未來績效的預期，故從股價操縱的角度來看，此一股價效應可能來自於母公司刻意創造，但其實與母公司經濟實質無關的泡沫股價。 　　關於主題二－借殼上市公司透過子公司買進母公司股票之經濟誘因－的實證結果顯示：在控制其他因素後，借殼上市公司在借殼成功的後續期間，子公司買回母公司股票之交易發生後，相較於無此交易的配對公司而言，其內部人持股比例和融資餘額有顯著降低的情形。基於這類公司大股東有套現的特殊動機，故可合理懷疑，這項證據和內部人籍子公司買進母公司股票來出脫持股俾套現獲利有關。此外，分析結果發現：子公司買回母公司股票交易前有正向的股價效應，此一股價行為和內部人操縱下的股價型態相符，但交易後的股價水準則並未顯著低於交易前的股價。吾人推測此一結果，可能肇因於投資人受到誤導，以致本研究未能觀察到後續反轉下跌的股價行為。 　　整體來看，子公司買進母公司股票之交易並非如實務界所宣稱，係傳遞公司未來前景較佳之資訊，反而可能和內線交易與股價操縱有關。因此，本研究支持目前財政部擬議中嚴格禁止或限制母子公司交叉持股的方案，此外，本研究應有助於投資人做投資決策時，對於母子公司交叉持股的本質有所了解。 / Companies are not allowed to buy back any of its own shares except in some special cases according to the Company Laws in Taiwan, but the practice that parent companies repurchase their own stocks through subsidiary companies (which is so called parent-subsidiary cross-holding transactions) is popular currently. From the economic substance view, the parent and subsidiary companies are treated as a single economic entity, and the parents' stocks held by their subsidiaries are treasury stocks in substance. Since the authorities and investors are all concerned with this issue, and previous work in this area is limited, this thesis investigates the information content and economic incentives of these transactions. Specifically, there are two research questions in this dissertation. The first is whether the transactions that subsidiary companies purchase parents' stocks convey any information about parents' future prospects? And whether the stock price reactions around announcement dates are positively related to parents' subsequent earnings changes. The next question is whether these transactions are motivated by insiders' intent to sell their own shares for self-interest? And is the stock price behavior around announcement dates consistent with the explanation that stock price is manipulated? 　　The findings of the first research question are as follows. First, I find no evidence that there are positive aggregate unexpected quarterly earnings relative to a size and industry-matched control sample over the announcement quarter and subsequent four ones. Second, the significant evidence that there are positive revisions of earnings forecasts by analysts around announcement dates also cannot be found. Finally, a regression analysis shows that there is no significant positive relation between positive abnormal stock returns at announcement and positive quarterly earnings changes over quarter 0 and quarter I. In summary, the results are not consistent with the implication of the information hypothesis. I find no systematic support for the firms' claims that the meanings behind parent-subsidiary cross holding transactions are to convey managements' private information about parents' favorable prospects. 　　With regard to the second research question, I focus primarily on those listed companies whose controls are obtained by unlisted companies through purchasing outstanding shares in the open market, these companies are not included in the sample of the first question. As predicted, I find systematic support for the hypotheses that shares owned by insiders and companies' margins decrease relative to control groups immediately following parent-subsidiary cross holding transactions announcements and that abnormal stock returns before and at announcements are positive. However, I show that the abnormal stock returns after the announcements do not fall bellow those before announcement dates significantly. In summary, the findings indicate that these transactions maybe a means for informed insiders to sell their own shares at manipulated high prices in order to alleviate the huge capital pressure by self-interest. 　　Overall, the transactions that subsidiary companies purchase parents' stocks are more likely to have relation to insider transactions and stock price manipulation, rather than convey favorable information about parents' prospects as what firms claim. Therefore, this thesis supports an act of prohibiting or limiting parent-subsidiary cross holdings proposed by the Ministry of Finance strictly. Besides, the results in this thesis may be helpful for investors to understand the nature of parent-subsidiary cross holdings when they make investment decisions.

庫藏股制度於國外已經行之有年，特別是美國，早在1960年代即有庫藏股交易。我國上市上櫃股票可合法買回自己公司股票制度始於2000年所通過的上市上櫃公司買回本公司股份辦法，除了希望藉以提振東南亞金融危機中不振的股市表現，也賦予企業多一種能向投資人傳遞訊息的管道。本研究基於股票買回的各項假說，希望探究公司股票買回宣告的動機還有事件宣告後對於公司股價的影響效果，最後並檢視公司的宣告決策是否會受到前次購回宣告的表現所影響。 在假說驗證方面，以2000至2004年上市公司832家、上櫃公司236家曾經宣告買回自家股票的公司為研究樣本，輔以選出與買回樣本同時間的相同數量「未買回樣本」，透過1-way ANOVA測試與鑑別分析探討影響公司宣告股票買回的因素符合哪些假說的推論結果。此外，依據各項假說，進ㄧ步利用1-way ANOVA測試和複迴歸分析找出與公司事件宣告後股價異常報酬率之間的關係，接著以1-way ANOVA檢視最後一部份研究主題。經由上述的實證分析，本研究獲得以下主要結論： 1.公司買回自家的股票平均而言對於股價有正面的影響效果。 2.以上市公司而言，影響公司宣告股票買回的假說包括了：自由現金流量假說、個人所得稅節稅假說與財務槓桿假說。以上櫃公司而言則包括：自由現金流量假說、個人所得稅節稅假說與資訊信號假說。 3.以上市公司而言，股票買回宣告後，股價的正向異常報酬與：自由現金流量假說、管理者的誘因假說呈現相關關係。上櫃公司則包括：自由現金流量假說。 4.本次是否再度宣告股票買回會受前次買回的正向累積異常報酬率所影響。 / Stock price reactions on stock repurchase announcements among publicly traded corporations have been widely studied over 40 years in United States. Several hypothesizes were established and provide logical reasons for why corporations buy back their own stocks. References show large proportion of positive effect on post-announcement stock price after stock repurchase announcements from empirical researches. It is since 2000 that corporations are allowed to repurchase their own stocks legally in Taiwan. Although many efforts were put in surveying the post-announcement stock price reactions, few focused on examining how corporations’ repurchase decision would be influenced by different hypothesizes. Moreover, whether or not previous repurchase outcome may affect future repurchase judgments met contradict conclusion from recent studies. This research aims on exploring the two main topics which form 7 hypothesize. Data collecting from Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) database, Commercial Times and Economic Daily News contains publicly traded corporations had ever made stock repurchase announcement except financial and government institutions. The period of the study was from Aug. 6, 2000 to Jul. 31, 2004 and total number of announced corporations included was 832 listed on the Taiwan Security Exchange with 236 listed on the OTC separately. Hypothesis 1 to 6 were tested both from individual model using 1-way ANOVA Analysis and integrated model using Discriminate Analysis on Hypothesis 1 to 5, Event Study Analysis on Hypothesis 6. Hypothesis 7 was also verified with 1-way ANOVA Analysis. The empirical results show supports in several hypothesize which reflect corporations did concern free cash flow amount, leverage level, stock underpriced and dividend payout level issues when making repurchase announcement. The stock price after announcement has certain degree of moving correlation toward the same direction as free cash flow level and managerial stockholding level. Finally, previous repurchase outcome was found holding opposite relation with future repurchase judgments.