Orientador: Elisabete Monteiro de Aguiar Pereira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T15:09:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Passos_RogerioDuarteFernandesDos_D.pdf: 1237537 bytes, checksum: 45a883a79d3aca05877d061d46a65b13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O trabalho discute a relação da constituição da cidadania europeia com o auxílio da universidade, em particular por meio do estabelecimento da União Europeia e da criação do Espaço Europeu de Ensino Superior. Em assim sendo, após resgate histórico do Processo de Bolonha ¿ que no ano de 2010 conformou o Espaço Europeu de Ensino Superior ¿, supõe-se a universidade europeia como locus de contribuição para a cidadania europeia, trazida à tona pelo Tratado de Maastricht de 1992. Tem-se, por conseguinte, a universidade como espaço para acréscimo ao conteúdo da cidadania, não ficando o conceito alicerçado exclusivamente no Estado nacional como a sua unidade básica, uma vez que se identifica a proposta de realizá-la, igualmente, nos campos do saber e da cultura. Para tanto, da mesma forma colhe-se os elementos de uma trajetória de grande atualidade para o contexto político e educacional, apta a visualizar uma Europa não apenas fincada nas questões econômicas, mas, por conseguinte, nas morais e culturais, representando eixo de orientação ao caminho trilhado pelo Processo de Bolonha em direção a valores caros aos seres humanos, tendo a educação superior e as universidades enquanto panos de fundo e como portadoras de uma missão e de uma responsabilidade, no bojo de um itinerário em que elas mesmas podem se proporcionar no contexto de reforma uma autorreflexão e reposicionamento em face das questões do momento contemporâneo / Abstract: The work discusses the relationship of the constitution of European citizenship with the help of the university, specifically through the establishment of the European Union and the creation of the European Higher Education Area. That being so, after historic rescue of the Bologna Process ¿ who in 2010 resigned the European Higher Education Area ¿, it is assumed that the European university as a locus of contribution for European citizenship, brought out by the Maastricht Treaty of 1992. There is, therefore, the university as a space to increase the content of citizenship, not getting the concept rooted exclusively in the national state as its basic unit, since it identifies the proposal to do it also in the fields knowledge and culture. Therefore, in the same way draw in the elements of a great current trajectory for political and educational context, able to see a Europe not just stuck on economic issues, but therefore the moral and cultural, representing orientation axis the path taken by the Bologna Process towards values cherished by humans, with higher education and universities as backdrops and as having a mission and a responsibility, in the midst of a journey in which they themselves can provide in the context of reform one self-reflection and repositioning in view of the question of the contemporary moment / Doutorado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Doutor em Educação

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_andre_gouveia.pdf: 3499090 bytes, checksum: 80de0e348a062324ff6efb26632cf480 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-01 / Le travail présent vise discourir sur Ia complémentarité de Ia Juridiction Pénale Intemationale à partir du Tribunal Pénal International pour le jugement de crimes intemationaux signalés dans le Statut de Rome, précisément le génocíde, les crimes contre I 'humanité, les crimes de guerre, et les crimes d' agression. L' action complémentaire du tribunal surgit au moment ou I' état se montre inefficace ou ne désire pas juger internement les responsables ou auteurs de ces crimes. En étant inefficace, I' état rend impossible de concrétiser Ia justice, d' effectuer Ia juridiction face à Ia communauté intemationale et d'éviter les ocurrences de nouveaux crimes, c'est-à-dire des agressions aux droits de I'Homme au niveau international. Ces crimes qui touchent toute I 'humanité doivent être jugés par les états, visant à réaliser Ia justice et à éviter I'impunité. L 'inefficacité de I'état pour concrétiser cette justice est signaler au moment ou il ne juge pas, soit par I'absence de moyens, soit parce qu'il ne le souhaite pas, ou encare et quand ille fait sans obtenir de résultats concrets et satisfaisants. Les principales conséquences des ces actes sont le sentiment d 'impunité et Ia dévalorisation de Ia dignité de Ia personne humaine. Ainsi,-I'état ne contribue pas au systeme global de protection des droits de I'homme. L' action complémentaire du TPI permanent fonctionne en vue d' éviter ce sentiment d'impunité. Ce travail à pour propos de chercher à disserter sur Ia complémentarité en tirant des doutes sur I'applicabilité et le rayon d'action face à I'état, comment serait appliquée une telle complémentarité, en quoi elle consiste, et selou quels criteres. A partir de recherches bibliographiques nationales et internationales, I 'aspect complémentaire de ce Tribunal gera traité, mais il convient de rappeler qu'il s'agit d'un theme nouveau en discussion au niveau international. L' objectif de ce travail est de contribuer au développement des études, débats, points de vue par rapport à ce nouvel instrument de protection des droits de I 'homme qui s'appelle le Tribunal Pénal International, qui a comme support le Statut de Rome approuvé par 120 états de plusieurs continents, lesquels ont participé au processus de formation d'une juridiction internationale pénale permanente. 11 faut remarquer I'importance de ce theme quand on constate Ia participation d 'un fiambre élevé de pays engagés pour établir cette nouvelle juridiction, en comprenant le caracrere de ce nouvel organe, avec Ia sensibilité et compréhension par rapport au seus de Ia souveraineté au moment d' accepter I' application de juridiction internationale. 11 faut diTe que les pays présentent des normes divergentes par rapport aux lois du Tribunal. Enfin, le theme vise Ia reconnaisssance du fait que les états peuvent se montrer inefficaces ou impuissants devant un jugement de situations relatives aux crimes internationaux et même I' organisation politique interne d' un état, les réflexes, Ia clameur sociale, peuvent être interprétés comme des interférences pour un jugement dont fmalement le résultat est inefficace. Chercher à compendrer des positionements sur le theme et construire de nouvelles perceptions signifie trouver une meilleure compréhension. Le travail vise toujours à contribuer au processus de consolidation des systemes de protection des droits de I'homme et à interagir avec d'autres études dans I'académie / O trabalho apresentado visa discorrer acerca da complementariedade da Jurisdição Penal Internacional a partir Tribunal Penal Internacional, doravante denominado TPI, para julgamento de crimes internacionais elencados no Estatuto de Roma, quais sejam, genocídio, crimes contra a humanidade, crimes de guerra e crimes de agressão. Esse caráter complementar há de ser enfrentado nesse trabalho no sentido de identificar qual forma de aplicação, condições, tendo-se como base o Estatuto de Roma criador do TPI. Esta ação complementar do Tribunal surge quando o Estado se mostra ineficaz ou não desejoso para julgar internamente os autores ou responsáveis por tais condutas ilícitas. Ao ser ineficaz o Estado deixa de concretizar justiça, de efetivar a jurisdição perante a comunidade internacional e evitar ocorrências de novos crimes, ferindo direitos humanos em nível internacional. Esses crimes que afligem aos Estados em geral no mundo devem ser julgados internamente, visando realizar justiça evitando-se impunidade. A ineficácia do Estado para concretizar essa justiça é marcante no instante em que não se julga, seja por não dispor de condições, ou porque não querem, ou ainda, quando o fazem sem apresentar resultados concretos e satisfatórios. A conseqüência maior nesse cenário é o senso de impunidade e desvalor à dignidade da pessoa humana. O Estado, assim, não contribui para o sistema global de proteção de direitos humanos. Visa-se assim via complementariedade do TPI evitar essa sensação de impunidade. Nesse sentido, surgem dúvidas acerca de como age o TPI no âmbito de sua complementariedade, daí a necessidade de dirimir tais dúvidas sobre sua aplicabilidadede e abrangência diante do Estado, bem como esse tema vem sendo tratado. A partir de pesquisas bibliográficas nacionais e internacionais, será tratado o aspecto complementar do TPI, valendo ressaltar que é um tema novo em discussão em nível internacional. Tenta-se contribuir assim para o desenvolvimento dos estudos, debates, pontos de vista acerca esse novo instrumento de proteção a direitos humanos que é o TPI que conta hoje com 105 países participantes, os quais se engajaram no processo de formação de uma jurisdição internacional penal permanente. Vislumbra-se a importância do estudo desse tema ao se deparar com um nível elevado de países que perceberam o caráter desse novo órgão, tendo sido eles sensíveis à nova percepção de soberania, permitindo assim aplicabilidade jurisdicional internacional ainda que esta apresente normas divergentes ao ordenamento jurídico interno dos Estados. Ao trazer à luz posicionamentos sobre o tema, construindo novos entendimentos e percepções, se lançará mão de uma melhor compreensão desse objeto de estudo lançando-se respostas acerca da compreensão da complementariedade do TPI. Busca- se contribuir ainda para o processo de debates sobre consolidação dos mecanismos de proteção de direitos humanos e interagir com outros estudos em andamento nas academias e, conseqüentemente, apresentar um posicionamento obtido a partir de todo trabalho desenvolvido

Cette thèse est composée de trois essais, chacun contribuant à mieux comprendre la façon dont différents types de relations politiques affectent les stratégies d'expansion internationale et la performance des entreprises. Le premier essai examine le rôle des relations politiques comme modérateur de la relation entre les attributs du pays hôte et le choix d’investir dans ce pays par des entreprises. Nous examinons le cas des premiers investissements dans les pays concernés par des entreprises du secteur manufacturier au cours de la période 2003-2010. Les autres essais examinent le rôle des relations politiques comme antécédents directs des décisions et des performances des stratégies d'expansion internationale des entreprises. Le deuxième essai étudie l’influence des différents types de relations politiques dans l’ampleur et le profil de risque des investissements internationaux des entreprises. Enfin, le troisième essai analyse le rôle des connexions politiques en tant que facteur explicatif de la capacité des entreprises à accélérer le financement et le développement de leurs projets. Les deux derniers essais sont testés sur une base de données originale recensant les relations politiques dont bénéficient les plus grandes entreprises françaises au cours de la période 2003-2012. / This dissertation is composed of the three essays, each contributing to address part of the puzzle regarding how different types of political connections affect firms’ international expansion strategies and performance. The first essay examines how political connections moderate the relationship between host country attributes and international strategy in a sample of greenfield investments in manufacturing during the 2003-2010 period. The second and third essays examine how political connections directly impact a firm’s international expansion strategies and performance. The second essay investigates the role of different types of political connections on a firm’s international investments amount and risk profile. Finally, the third essay analyzes the role of political connections as an explanatory factor of firms’ ability to accelerate the provision of funding and development of their project finance-based investments. Both the latter two essays rely on an original dataset on various political connections enjoyed by the largest French firms during the 2003-2012 period.

Master´s thesis deals with issue of taxation of permanent establishment which come into existence to the resident of a Contracting State on the grounds of construction site in the Czech Republic. The thesis contains an analysis of relevant articles of the double tax treaty with Slovakia and relevant legal regulations of the Czech republic, on the basis of which is proposed the methodology for determining the tax base of the permanent establishment in the Czech Republic.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollen Argumente und Vorurteile bezüglich der Investor-Staat-Schiedsverfahren untersucht werden. Dafür wurden zugehörige Thesen gebildet, welche im Laufe der Arbeit entweder bestätigt oder widerlegt werden. Als Instrument dafür dient eine quantitative Analyse historischer Falldaten. Die Arbeit unterteilt sich in verschiedene Themenkomplexe, denen jeweils passende Thesen zugeordnet wurden.:1. Einleitung 2. Allgemeines zu Schiedsverfahren 2.1 These 1 - Die Anzahl der Investor-Staats-Schiedsverfahren in den letzten Jahren stark angestiegen. 2.2 These 2 - Investor-Staats-Schiedsverfahren sind deutlich schneller als herkömmliche Gerichtsverfahren. 3. Verteilung von Klägern und Angeklagten 3.1 These 3 - Investor-Staats-Schiedsverfahren sind ein Instrument für Unternehmen aus reichen Ländern zur Ausbeutung von ärmeren Ländern. 3.1.1 These 3.1 - Es existiert ein Nord-Süd-Gefälle: Unternehmen aus dem Norden verklagen in erster Linie die Länder aus dem Süden. 3.1.2 These 3.2 - „Eine Krähe hackt der anderen kein Auge aus“ – Investoren aus reichen Staaten verklagen keine anderen reichen Staaten. 3.1.3 These 3.3 - Die USA dominiert die Investor-Staat-Schiedsverfahren. 4. Bilaterale Investitionsschutzabkommen (BITs) 4.1 These 4 - Bilaterale Investitionsschutzabkommen waren der Katalysator für die Entwicklung von Investor-Staats-Schiedsverfahren. 4.2 These 5 - BITs sorgen für Gleichberechtigung zwischen den Partnern im Bereich der Investor-Staats-Schiedsverfahren. 5. Entscheidungen der Schiedsgerichte 5.1 These 6 - Um zu mehr Klagen anzuregen, entscheiden die Schiedsgerichte tendenziell pro Investor. 5.2 These 7 - Kläger aus Industrieländern gewinnen im Schnitt öfter als Kläger aus ärmeren Ländern. 5.3 These 8 - Urteile von Schiedsgerichten sind unumstößlich. Eine Revision ist nicht möglich. 6. Schadenersatzzahlungen bei Investor-Staat-Schiedsverfahren 6.1 These 9 - Die hohen Schadenersatzforderungen und – Zahlungen ruinieren die angeklagten Länder. 6.2 These 10 - Selbst bei Sieg vor Gericht – die Staaten bleiben auf den Kosten sitzen. 7. Weitere Thesen 7.1 These 11 - Investor-Staat-Schiedsverfahren gefährden den Umweltschutz. 7.2 These 12 - Investor-Staat-Schiedsverfahren sind intransparent. 8. Fazit Literaturverzeichnis

South African resident companies engaged in the exploration for and production of oil and gas outside of South Africa are subject to double taxation. This thesis evaluates whether South African resident companies engaged in the exploration for and production of oil and gas outside of South Africa receive full relief from double taxation in South Africa. The thesis provides a qualitative examination of the fundamental legal designs used for the allocation of the right to mine oil and gas and the fiscal regimes applied to the taxation of oil and gas mining at the source. The thesis explores the basis for taxation of foreign oil and gas income in South Africa and the remedies for double taxation in terms of the domestic tax legislation. Assuming that a tax treaty exists between South Africa and the host government, qualification for double taxation relief and classification of income in terms of a double taxation agreement (DTA) are evaluated. It is anticipated that a South African resident Oil and Gas company will choose the most favourable method and form of double tax relief when filing its corporate tax return in South Africa based on the commercial impact thereof. To aid in this decision, the thesis contrasts the quantum of the double tax relief under the domestic tax legislation with that available under the DTA. Using an adaptation of the IMF's FARI methodology, a quantitative analysis of the economic impact for a South African resident Oil and Gas company mining in Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana and, Nigeria is examined. The thesis concludes that there are circumstances where South African resident Oil and Gas companies are unable to achieve full double tax relief under the domestic tax legislation and make recommendations (where applicable) for amendments to the domestic tax legislation to achieve a form of full double tax relief as close as possible to the single tax principle.

This study covers not only the cause of Korea’s entry into the world affairs with the United States in 1882, but also it is a study of modern power politics in the Far East, in which Korea played a significant role. The importance of the Korea position in international affairs has been dimly treated by the Western World - yet, she is a nation populated by approximately thirty millions; the thirteenth largest nation in the world, and Koreans are the most homogenous people in the world; the nation, which is thrust down off the coast of Asia between the thirty-fifth and forty-fifth parallels and separating the Sea of Japan form the Yellow Sea, greatly contributed her civilization to mankind at a time when the great Roman Empire was busy conquering the world at an excessive speed

This study examines the comparative impact of multilateral trade agreements on intra-regional trade in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) regions in Africa. Annual data was gathered from 2000 to 2018 and dynamic panel data and econometric techniques were used to control for individual country characteristics, endogeneity, serial correlation, heteroscedasticity and interdependencies between the countries in each region. Two estimations were done, one using the tariff measures of multilateral agreements, the second using non-tariff measures of multilateral agreement. The results of the empirical analysis show that the SADC region has a slight edge over ECOWAS in terms of technological progress and investment, especially in trade infrastructure. However, the ECOWAS levels of employment and economic growth are higher than those in the SADC region. These differences further translate into differences that drive intra-African trade in these regions, and how they relate to the role of multilateral agreements in intra-African trade in each of these regions. While technology and investment are key drivers and enhancers of intra-African trade in SADC countries, economic growth and employment stand out as key enhancers of intra-African trade in ECOWAS, especially where multilateral agreement is represented by tariff measures. This study reports that when non-tariff measures are used to represent multilateral agreements, export trade costs, in addition to investment and technology, are the key drivers of intra-African trade in SADC countries. For ECOWAS, under non-tariff measures of multilateral agreements, only economic growth drives intra-African trade. / Business Management / D. Phil. (Business Management)

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