<P> This thesis is concerned with the investigation of the diffusion controlled reaction between MgO and β-quartz in the temperature range 1200 - 1450 °C in wet and dry atmospheres. The reactions were studied by placing known faces of quartz crystals in direct contact with Mg0 powder, heat treating them, and then investigating the cross sections. The product layer was investigated by both reflected light and thin section metallography, electron - microprobe and X- ray diffraction. Using Wagner's and Schmalzried's ideas on solid state reactions, a theoretical model for the diffusion controlled formation of silicates was developed. With this model, a mechanism for the diffusion controlled formation of forsterite from MgO and β-quartz was advanced. </P> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Excerpt: Interventions that include a combination of behavioral and lifestyle modifications— including decreased caloric intake, specific aids to changing diet, increased physical activity, and treatment of binge eating disorders—have modest benefit with appropriate use (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on multiple randomized controlled trials). Hypnosis can be used as an adjunct to behavioral therapy for weight loss (SOR: A, based on systematic reviews).

<p> In North America, heat treating adds about $15 billion per year in value to metal goods by imparting specific properties that are required if parts are to function successfully. Heat treating is an energy-intensive industry, requiring about 500 trillion BTUs (~ 0.5 trillion ft3 of natural gas) per year, which accounts for about 20% of the total cost ofthe business. Considering this huge demand on energy resources and its significant impact on the environment, in the year 1996, members of the heat treating industry represented by the ASM Heat Treating Society and the Metal Treating Institute (MTI) met and discussed the future of the heat treating industry in North America. A vision was developed known as "Heat Treating Industry Vision-2020". In that vision, the industry identified key research areas among which was the development of integrated process models. The industry recognized that most current heat-treating procedures are based on the experience of the heat treater. Trial-and-error often results in operations or components that are functional but not optimized. </p> <p> The present study is concerned with the development of process models of gas nitriding operations using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Data required for the development of ANN s have been acquired from experiments carried out at the industrial partner site, V AC AERO International, Oakville, Ontario. Two types of ANNs have been developed and tested using the experimental data. The two models were able to predict various case depths produced by the nitriding process with reasonable accuracy in the ± 20% range. Predictions of the white layer thickness were in the ± 40% range. The sensitivity of predictions due to measurement errors has been investigated. The range of measurement error of the current study did not have a significant effect on the ANNs predictions. The effect of rate of cooling after the nitriding operation on the developed case depths has also been investigated. Cooling rates in the range of3° F/min to about 20 °F/min were tested. Results indicated that this range of cooling rates do not have a significant effect on the developed case depths. </p> <p> The present study has confirmed that ANNs models have the ability to be trained and applied to multivariable systems which renders ANNs the most suitable tool to develop integrated models for heat treating processes. </p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

This thesis deals with economy of treating with municipal waste. The municipal waste, which is generated by citizens makes burden not only on public and private budgets, but also on environment. Importance of this burden rise regarding to continuous growth of volume of the municipal waste. This fact implicates need to set up cost efficient and permanent achievable solution. Nowadays there is a suggestion, prepaderd by the Ministry of environment, which suggest using returnable PET bottles, which are important part of the municipal waste. Potentional implementation of returnable PET bottles doesnt have influance only on yield of this type of waste, but it is connected with other parts of the municipal waste such as biological degradable municipal waste and mixed waste. Content of this thesis is presentation of the economic analysis of alternation for treating with three most important parts of the municipal waste on backround of fullfiling conditons set up by European union.

A simulação no tratamento térmico tem-se tornado de vital importância, principalmente na fase de projeto de produto e planejamento e controle produção, reduzindo significativamente o tempo e o custo antes dedicados a estas tarefas. Esta tecnologia quando combinada à medição das curvas de resfriamento, torna-se uma poderosa e confiável ferramenta para a predição das propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas em peças tratadas termicamente. A modelagem do processo de têmpera traz como resultados, a exeqüibilidade do processo, a constituição microestrutural final e a distribuição das distorções e tensões residuais da peça. O presente trabalho visa simular a transferência de calor, através do cálculo dos coeficientes de transferência de calor, e das tensões residuais térmicas e distorções em corpos de prova de aço AISI 5160 e de uma sonda de Inconel 600, com a análise posterior dos parâmetros obtidos. / The simulation of heat treating is becoming of vital importance, specially during design of product and production planning and control, reducing significantly costs and time that used to be wasted on these tasks. This technology when combined to measured cooling curves, become a powerful and trustful tool for predicting mechanical and metallurgical properties of heat treated components. Modeling the quenching process shows the feasibility of the process, the final microstructure and the distribution of residual stresses and distortions on workpiece. The present work aims at simulate the heat transfer, the thermal residual stresses and distortions in a workpiece of AISI 5160 steel and of a probe of Inconel 600, with posterior analysis of the obtained parameters.

"The effects of heat treating process parameters on the microstructure, residual stress, and distortion of a vacuum carburized, quenched and cold treated ring gear made of Pyrowear 53 has been determined using Abaqus and DANTE software. The data from these finite element method simulations was compared to measured values from physical testing. It was found that the heat treating process of the ring gear could be simulated and provide similar results to the measured and specified values for hardness, carbon content, and distortion. The simulations and distortion in this paper provide a detailed view of the mass transfer, heat transfer, and stress that occur during heat treating. These simulations suggest nonuniform cooling of a ring gear leads to greater distortion than uniform cooling. Simulations compared the retained austenite and hardness in ring gears that were oil quenched and high pressure gas quenched."

A durabilidade da madeira preservada quando em contato direto com o solo, é determinada, principalmente, pela concentração do preservante na madeira, usualmente definida como retenção. Dentre os diversos produtos usados na preservação da madeira, a literatura especializada é concordante ao afirmar que o CCA (arsenato de cobre cromatado) é um dos mais eficientes, com citações de durabilidade acima de 40 anos. Contudo, também é citada a perda do produto ao longo do tempo, a qual poderia comprometer sua eficiência. Assim o presente trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar a retenção atual de CCA tipo A em estacas de Pinus, após 21 anos de exposição em campo de apodrecimento, buscando relacionar o nível de retenção com a possível perda de produto e com a durabilidade da madeira. O material para ensaio foi coletado de um campo de apodrecimento com estacas (Padrão IUFRO); quantificando-se a retenção atual através da técnica de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica e comparando-se os resultados com a retenção inicial. Foi possível comprovar a perda de CCA-A na madeira tratada, a qual está diretamente relacionada com o nível de retenção inicial. Dentre oscomponentes do preservante, as maiores perdas foram observadas para o Cu, e as menores para o Cr; levando ao desbalanceamento entre os componentes do produto (CCA-A) que permanece na madeira. Todavia, a redução observada na retenção do CCA-A, até o momento, não afetou a durabilidade da madeira preservada. / The durability of treated wood in direct ground contact is mainly determined, by the concentration of preservative in wood, usually defined as retention. Among the products used to preserve wood, specialized literature aggress about CCA (chromated copper arsenate) as one of the most efficients, with citations of durability above 40 years. However, product loss along exposure time is also noticed, which could compromise its efficiency. This research has as objective, to quantify the current retention of CCA type A in Pinus stakes, after 21 years of exposure in field test, trying to relate the level of retention to the possible product loss and to wood durability . The material on trial was collected from a stake field test (IUFRO Standard); in order to quantify the current retention through spectroscopy atomic absorption technique and to compare the results with the initial retention. It was possible to prove the CCA-A loss in the treated wood, which is directly related to the level of initial retention. From individual preservative components, copper (CuO), showed the biggest loss, while chromium (CrO3) showed the lesser one. As a result, the remanaing CCA-A in the lumber turned unbalanced. However, the reduction observed in the retention of the CCA-A, until this moment, did not affect the durability of preserved wood.

<p>Known to be one of the most important resources, but also one of the most difficult ones to obtain, the workforce constitutes (consistence) the core of any organization. To find the right person for a particular position is not a trivial task. The recruitment of new staff members is important for any organization in general, but for treating organizations in particular. In order to provide the best service for its clients, it is, for a treating organization, vital to recruit nothing but highly qualified personnel. A well educated workforce can more easily stick to the treatment program and thus maintain treatment integrity. The purpose of this study is to examine how the recruitment process is executed by three treating organizations situated in the municipality of Örebro. Moreover the purpose is to evaluate the process in terms of strengths and weaknesses with the objective of pinpointing parts in the recruitment process in need of improvment. A theoretical framework capturing definitions and theories; treatment conditions, organization theory and the recruitment process. In order to answer the research questions, according to the study’s purpose, a qualitative method was adopted. The data sample ecompassed six personers: two managers and four group officers. The results in brief: The recruitment process of “Ungdoms- och familjeenheten” (the study’s delimit of treating organizations) in the municipality of Örebro has strengths as well as weaknesses. The major strength is the recruiter’s unanimous understanding for the importance of hiring a workforce holding a suitable education fulfilling all requirements. The major weakness is the recruitment process’s lack of a common structure (also read as action plan or policy). This might be due to the fact that recruiters rely on previous experiences.</p>

Known to be one of the most important resources, but also one of the most difficult ones to obtain, the workforce constitutes (consistence) the core of any organization. To find the right person for a particular position is not a trivial task. The recruitment of new staff members is important for any organization in general, but for treating organizations in particular. In order to provide the best service for its clients, it is, for a treating organization, vital to recruit nothing but highly qualified personnel. A well educated workforce can more easily stick to the treatment program and thus maintain treatment integrity. The purpose of this study is to examine how the recruitment process is executed by three treating organizations situated in the municipality of Örebro. Moreover the purpose is to evaluate the process in terms of strengths and weaknesses with the objective of pinpointing parts in the recruitment process in need of improvment. A theoretical framework capturing definitions and theories; treatment conditions, organization theory and the recruitment process. In order to answer the research questions, according to the study’s purpose, a qualitative method was adopted. The data sample ecompassed six personers: two managers and four group officers. The results in brief: The recruitment process of “Ungdoms- och familjeenheten” (the study’s delimit of treating organizations) in the municipality of Örebro has strengths as well as weaknesses. The major strength is the recruiter’s unanimous understanding for the importance of hiring a workforce holding a suitable education fulfilling all requirements. The major weakness is the recruitment process’s lack of a common structure (also read as action plan or policy). This might be due to the fact that recruiters rely on previous experiences.

408 f. / Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-29T14:43:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Falcao.pdf: 2200582 bytes, checksum: 5763354bb76886777f854f17b4a38212 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-04-30T20:29:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Falcao.pdf: 2200582 bytes, checksum: 5763354bb76886777f854f17b4a38212 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-30T20:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Falcao.pdf: 2200582 bytes, checksum: 5763354bb76886777f854f17b4a38212 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo principal criticar e propor elementos teórico-metodológicos para o trato com o conhecimento da capoeira no currículo de formação profissional a partir da análise da realidade de experiências com esta manifestação cultural em espaços educacionais formais e não-formais do Brasil e do Exterior. Esses elementos teórico-metodológicos concebem a capoeira como práxis qualificada pela noção de complexo temático e articulam os fundamentos da pesquisa-ação com as possibilidades pedagógicas: experimentação, problematização, teorização e reconstrução coletiva do conhecimento. Esta pesquisa integra a Linha de Estudos e Pesquisa em Educação Física, Esportes & Lazer (LEPEL) da Faculdade de Educação, da Universidade Federal da Bahia, cujo campo de interesse envolve problemáticas sobre formação de professores, prática pedagógica, trato com o conhecimento e políticas educacionais. Partimos de duas hipóteses que se articulam entre si. A primeira sustenta que o processo de internacionalização da capoeira vem promovendo expressiva movimentação de seus praticantes e contribuindo para a ressignificação dos seus códigos e valores. A segunda sustenta que o trato com o conhecimento da capoeira, no currículo de formação profissional, está submetido à lógica de organização do processo de trabalho pedagógico própria da escola capitalista, que assegura a sua reprodução através da formação de competências técnico-instrumentais e mentalidades conformadas. A pesquisa dividiu-se em quatro etapas articuladas entre si. As experiências analisadas expressam e muitas, freqüentemente, reproduzem, não mecanicamente, mas por mediações da prática pedagógica, as contradições sociais e a lógica destrutiva do capital evidenciando que, no trato com o conhecimento da capoeira, o significado que os sujeitos apreendem de suas práticas, emocionalmente compartilhadas, está vinculado à intensidade das interações e com a plenitude da experiência e, nessas práticas intersecionam, inequivocamente, as dimensões subjetivas, ético-políticas, históricas, culturais e econômicas da vida em sociedade. Com isso, aponta para o desafio de tratar o conhecimento da capoeira numa perspectiva auto-determinada, autônoma, solidária, reflexiva e crítica, e contribuir para a construção de um outro projeto histórico, para além do capital. / Salvador