This study examined the relationship between the Turkish Islamic movements and the present government of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi, AK Party). Since the AK Party came to power in 2002 it implemented unparalleled political reforms and pursued to improve Turkey’s relations with the EU. Opponents argued that because of the dominance of the secular military in Turkish politics, the AK Party is forced to secretly advance its Islamic agenda using the language and symbolism of democracy and human rights. This study argued that the ideas of the AK Party show similarities with the “Ottomanist” thought of the late Ottoman era. With special reference to the preservation of the Ottoman State, Ottomanism in an eclectic way was able to incorporate Islamic principles like freedom, justice and consultation into the political arena which was increasingly dominated by the secular European concepts. Literature on Islam and politics in Turkey, however, disregards the Ottoman roots of freedom and pluralism and tends to reduce the relationship between religion and state into exclusively confrontational struggles. This conceptualization of the political process relies on particular non-Turkish Muslim experiences which do not necessarily represent Islam’s venture in Turkey. Contrary to the prevailing scholarship, Islamic movements in Turkey, namely, Naqshbandi, National View and Nur, which are discussed in detail in this study, are not monolithic. They all uphold the same creedal tenets of Islam but they have sharp differences in terms of how they conceptualize the role of religious agency in politics. I argue that this diversity is a result of three distinct methodologies of Islamic religious life which are the Tariqah (Tarikat), Shariah (Şeriat), and Haqiqah (Hakikat). The differences between these three approaches represent a typological hierarchy in the formation of the Muslim/believer as an agent of Islamic identity. Through these different if not conflicting modes, the AK Party reconnected itself with Turkey’s Ottoman heritage in a post-Ottoman, secular setting and was able to develop an eclectic political identity of Neo-Ottomanism that is evident in the flexibility if not inconsistency of its domestic and foreign policy preferences.

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The purpose of the following thesis is evaluation of relation evolution between Turkey and European Union. Thesis is divided into four main chapters in logical subsequent order. First chapter covers the historical and economic issues from the foundation of turkish republic up to the present. Second part deals with the development description of relations between the Turkey and the Union since the fifties when the first integration attempts took place. In 1995 these attempts became real when the customs union has been set and resulted in an initiation of accession negotiations during 2005. Third chapter is dedicated to the present problems connected with Turkey accession, particularly one so called "EU absorption capacity". Last section contains opinion stands of selected member countries, both from the political elites point of view as well as the output from the public opinion polls amongst EU and Turkey citizens.

Subject of the master thesis is analysis of the current role of Turkey in the region and the potential of becoming a regional power. Thesis is structured into four chapters. In the first chapter the definition of regional power is outlined. Second chapter analysis the current position of Turkey in the world, while comparing it to other acknowledged regional power. The third part focuses on analysis of Turkey's position in various regions. The last chapter is an analysis of the regional influence on Turkey's internal development and open issues connected with defined region.

This thesis is about foreign policy analysis and what it could learn from an examination of Turkey's Outside Turks policy. More specifically, the thesis explores the implications of the post-Kemalist changes in Turkey on Outside Turks communities in the case of Kosovar Turks and offers a norm-based analysis of the constitutive relationship between domestic politics and foreign policy formation and conduct. Throughout the thesis, accordingly, the domestic norms guiding the way Turkey approaches Outside Turks, the conduct of domestic norms-guided Outside Turks policy and, finally, the implications of such policy for the Kosovar Turks are explored. Based on this, the study establishes firstly that the traditional policy of transforming the religiously defined Turkish speaking Muslim communities in the surrounding countries to nationally thinking and acting ethnic Turkish communities has changed after 1980s, but particularly during the Justice and Development Party rule. The aspiration shifted towards imagining Outside Turks in cultural and religious lines, other than in purely ethnic sense. Thus invoking and safeguarding the practice of Muslim identity, history and culture became a priority concern in the Outside Turks policy agenda. The thesis secondly establishes that this shift in approach has been generated by four post-Kemalist norms, namely Ottomania, de-ethnicized nationhood, Turkish Islam, and Islamic Internationalism. These post-Kemalist norms have manifested themselves as practices of transforming the ethnically mobilized and behaving Turkish community in Kosovo as religiously and historico-culturally thinking and acting community. The thesis thirdly establishes that the post-Kemalist approach to the Outside Turk community in Kosovo has been constitutive for the community. Accordingly, Turkey’s anti-nationalist practices and activities of restoring inter-ethnic relations in Ottoman lines have partly relieved the relations between Turks and Albanians, facilitated the transcending of ethnicity as a bases for organizing relations, and increased the scope for collaboration between Muslim communities in the country. However, such post-Kemalist policies could not deconstruct the dominant nationalist framings, it has rather been counter-productive. Therefore, due to the post-Kemalist approach, the ethnic Turkish identity has been sharpened, Ottomans have been ethnicized as a Turkish emperorship, the nationalism gained a reactionary character, and people now believe that their ethnic survival is jeopardized by Turkey’s anti-nationalism or ‘anti-Turkism’ as the community calls it. This in return has led the community to further embrace Kemalist frames and discourses to resist Turkey’s post-Kemalist approach and norms. The thesis, consequently, introduced a norm-based foreign policy analysis model for examining the overseas implications and influences of domestic norms and norm changes.

This dissertation studies different social aspects of terrorists and terrorist organizations in an effort to better deal with terrorism, especially in the long run. The researcher, who also worked as a Police Captain at Turkish National Police Anti-Terrorism Department, seeks solutions to today's global problem by studying both literature and a Delphi examination of a survey of 1070 imprisoned terrorists. The research questions include questions such as "What are the reasons behind terrorism?", "Why does terrorism occur?", "What ideologies provide the framework for terrorist violence?, "Why do some individuals become terrorists and others do not?" and "Under what conditions will terrorists end their violence?" The results of the study presents the complexity of the terrorism problem as a social experience and impossibility of a single solution or remedy for the global problem of terrorism. The researcher through his examination of the findings of the data, presented that terrorism is a social phenomenon with criminal consequences that needs to be dealt by means of two dimensional approaches. The first is the social dimension of terrorism and the second is the criminal dimension of terrorism. Based on this, the researcher constructed a conceptual model which addresses both of these dimensions under the titles of long-term solutions and short-term solutions. The long-term solutions deal with the social aspects of terrorism under the title of Proactive Approach to Terrorism and the short-term solutions deal with the criminal aspects of terrorism under the title of The Immediate Fight against Terrorism. The researcher constructed this model because there seems to be a tendency of not asking the question of "Why does terrorism occur?" Instead, the focus is usually on dealing with the consequences of terrorism and future terrorist threats. While it is essential that the governments need to provide the finest security measures for their societies, at the same time they need to address the reasons behind terrorism. This research, from stated perspective, offered a conceptual model to address both aspects of terrorism for a more complete fight against today's most painful problem.

A current trend that has emerged as a result of the information age is information-seeking behavior. From individuals to large social institutions, information-seeking behavior is utilized to attain a wide variety of goals. This body of work investigates the information-seeking behaviors of police officers who work in police stations in the Turkish National Police force. The study utilizes Leckie et al.’s (1996) model of information-seeking behavior of professionals. The findings indicated that police officers initially consulted their personal knowledge and experience. Next, officers rely upon their colleagues and then official documents. These information sources were consulted in the context of both conducting tasks and staying current. However, contrary to expectation, they rarely consulted informants. In addition police officers rarely consulted printed journals, libraries, books and attendance at conferences as information sources. The results of this study show that there were significant differences in the information sources used by police officers based on their gender in the context of staying current. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the context of conducting police station tasks, by gender. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in the information sources used by police officers based on their educational level. There were significant differences in the use of information sources by age, service years in police stations and service years in policing in the context of conducting police station tasks. Lastly, the results of this study indicated that service years in policing and the roles in police station were significantly correlated with the information sources used by police officers regarding staying current. This body of work offers insight into the factors that guide the information-seeking behaviors of police officers.

The economic assimilation of immigrants is one of the main topics of the migration economic literature. The United States, the United Kingdom, or even Canada, are usually chosen to lead such studies. We have decided to observe the differences in immigrant’s economic assimilation between two host countries which are less studied in empirical papers and very similar in terms of geography and language: Germany and Austria. The country of origin for the immigrants observed in this study is Turkey because Turkish immigrants are highly represented among the immigrant population in the both host countries. We have found that both female and male Turkish immigrants assimilate faster in Germany than in Austria. This faster assimilation could be partly due to the implementation of less restrictive migratory policies in Germany compared to Austria

1 Master Thesis Proposal Institute of Political Studies, IEPS programme Faculty of Social Sciences Charles University in Prague Date: 16.10.2020 Author: Ceren Küçükkayıkcı Supervisor: doc. Ing. Tomas Cahlik, CSc. E-mail: 91064497@fsv.cuni.cz E-mail: cahlik@fsv.cuni.cz Phone: +420773924728 Phone: Specialisation: IEPS Defense Planned: September 2021 Proposed Topic: The Impact of Political Determinants on Economic Growth : Analysis of AKP Era Registered in SIS: Yes Date of registration: 30.05.2019 (in case of No give an expected date) Topic characteristics / Research Question(s): The general question of this thesis is how the change in political determinants have an impact on economic growth in Turkey during the AKP era between 2002 and 2019. We would like to demonstrate the reason for the economic failure of AKP in line with the political and economic institutions and political and civil rights. AKP era will be analyzed into three sections, which are 2003-2007, 2007-2011, and 2011 and 2019. Economic growth will be measured by GDP per capita. Working hypotheses: 1. Hypothesis #1: There is an indirect relationship between political determinants and economic growth. 2. Hypothesis#2: Economic institutions and political institutions are endogenous and are defined by the collective choice of society. 2 3....

Saint Georges : “Un Saint “Partagé” en Méditerranée ? Approche historique et anthropologique du pèlerinage (Turquie et Liban)Résumé Les peuples du bassin méditerranéen partagent depuis multimillénaires des manières de vivre et de pratiquer leur foi, qui résistent aux divisions religieuses et aux manipulations politiques Le paysage religieux de la Méditerranée orientale est plus complexe et marqué par un foisonnement de formes de convergence interconfessionnelle moins éclatantes. Certains sanctuaires ambigus convoquent parfois les fidèles des trois religions monothéistes. Cette thèse souligne les transformations récentes du religieux et la conversion du regard anthropologique vers une lecture plus sensible aux changements économiques, politiques et culturels qui affectent rites et sanctuaires Bien que cette thèse porte sur deux études de cas particuliers, à savoir Aya Yorgi en Turquie et Mar Jirjes al Batiyeh au Liban, elle s’appuie sur une recherche multidisciplinaire pour définir un contexte plus large. Ces lieux sont explorés en profondeur grâce à une analyse qualitative, tout en prenant en compte des travaux parallèles concernant d’autres sites tels que Lod (Israël), Edirne (Turquie) et Athènes (Grèce). Partant de la recherche de la spiritualité autour des sites dédiés à saint Georges, mes découvertes révèlent des aspirations spirituelles et séculières et suggèrent une déconstruction de pôles de sens tels que sacré et profane, mouvement et lieu, religion et laïcité, communauté et individu. En s’appuyant sur diverses approches méthodologiques, cette étude arrive à la conclusion que, contrairement à la perception commune, les formes traditionnelles de rituels religieux ne sont pas nécessairement incompatibles avec la culture de consommation moderne. A travers celle-ci, les traditions religieuses sont en train de se revitaliser. La popularité renouvelée du pèlerinage aujourd'hui montre comment certains paysages et espaces religieux comme ceux d'Aya Yorgi et d'Al Batiye sont restés importants grâce aux mouvements politiques et religieux, à la littérature, aux médias, aux marchés touristiques spécialisés et à l'entreprise privée. Enfin, cette étude révèle une image d'une grande diversité de groupes et d'individus qui les visitent.Dans le monde universitaire occidental moderne, le sujet des saints et des pèlerinages « partagés » semble avoir été le plus clairement mis en évidence par un archéologue britannique vivant au début du siècle dernier et poursuivant des recherches à la British School d'Athènes, où il s'est concentré sur des sanctuaires ambigus dans les anciennes possessions ottomanes, principalement dans les Balkans et en Anatolie, avec un intérêt supplémentaire pour la Syrie et la Palestine. FW Hasluck (1878-1920) a étudié ces sites avec un regard particulier sur la religion populaire turque et le transfert de sanctuaires de tradition religieuse à une autre, en plus des cas de parrainage multi-religieux continu et fluide sur un même sanctuaire, comme c’est aussi le cas dans cette étude. Son œuvre, portant sur le christianisme et l'islam sous les sultans, est la plus complète de ce genre. / Saint Georges: "A Shared Saint" in the Mediterranean ? An Historical and Anthropological Approach to Pilgrimage (Turkey and Lebanon)Abstract The people of the Mediterranean basin share ways of living and practicing their faith, which resist religious divisions and political manipulations. The religious landscape of the Eastern Mediterranean is more complex and is marked by forms of inter-confessional convergence. This thesis is an anthropological gaze towards a reading of political and cultural changes that affect sanctuaries and recent transformations of rites around two ambiguous shrines. Although this thesis pays attention to two case studies in particular, namely Aya Yorgi in Turkey and Mar Jirjes al Batiyeh in Lebanon, it draws on multi–disciplinary research in order to set a broader context. These places are explored deeply through qualitative analysis, while at the same time taking note of parallel work concerned with other sites such as Lod, Edirne and Athens. Ranging from the search for spirituality around the sites dedicated to St George, my findings that include spiritual as well as secular aspirations suggest a deconstruction of poles of meaning such as sacred and profane, movement and place, religion and secularity, community and individual. This methodologically diverse study argues that, contrary to perception, traditional forms of religious rituals are not necessarily incompatible with late–modern consumer culture. Through consumer culture, religious traditions are being revitalized. Despite the “deep rooted kinship” of the territorial resemblances of modern Turkey and Lebanon, for almost one hundred years, they have been evolving in their own separate lines and pace. Turkey has almost managed to become a nation state after the fall of the Ottoman Empire, less heterogeneous in terms of religious confessions and growing prevalence of Sunni Islam in public and private sphere along with ambivalent secularism. However Lebanon on the other hand is a small country in the region with sectarian political structural system where the confessions sometimes act like different ethnical entities and creating a nation is still a goal matter. Therefore via this study I aim to clarify if the difference between two countries’ demographic, linguistic, and socio political constructions have impact on the attribution of meaning to recently popular anthropological research area: “shared sacred sites” The shared sacred sites that I am scrutinizing throughout this study are both dedicated to Saint George - an outstanding saintly figure all around Middle East, Europe and Balkans: Aya Yorgi is the Turco-Greek name for Saint George and Mar Jirjes (Jiryes, Gerges) is the name given to the same saint in Lebanese Arabic.