Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaraSS_DISSERT.pdf: 3432218 bytes, checksum: 7e008670903eeebdf6b98724b154b050 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Cotton is a hydrofilic textile fiber and, for this reason, it changes its properties according to the environment changes. Moisture and Temperature are the two most important factors that lead a cotton Spinning sector and influence its quality. Those two properties can change the entire Spinning process. Understanding this, moisture and temperature must be kept under control when used during the Spinning process, once the environment is hot and dry, the cotton yarns absorb moisture and lose the minimal consistency. According to this information, this paper was developed testing four types of cotton yarns, one kind of cotton from Brazil and the others from Egypt. The yarns were exposed to different temperatures and moisture in five different tests and in each test, six samples that were examined through physical and mechanical tests: resistance, strength, tenacity, yarn?s hairness, yarn?s evenness and yarn?s twisting. All the analysis were accomplished at Laborat?rio de Mec?nica dos Flu?dos and at COATS Corrente S.A., where, it was possible to use the equipments whose were fundamental to develop this paper, such as the STATIMAT ME that measures strength, tenacity, Zweigler G566, that measure hairiness in the yarn, a skein machine and a twisting machine. The analysis revealed alterations in the yarn?s characteristics in a direct way, for example, as moisture and temperature were increased, the yarn?s strength, tenacity and hairness were increased as well. Having the results of all analysis, it is possible to say that a relatively low temperature and a high humidity, cotton yarns have the best performance / O algod?o ? uma fibra t?xtil hidr?fila e por essa raz?o muda suas caracter?sticas em fun??o das condi??es do ambiente. A umidade e a temperatura s?o dois fatores que influenciam o ambiente de uma fia??o de algod?o. Estes dois fatores podem alterar a qualidade de toda uma produ??o de fios. Sendo assim, umidade e temperatura devem ser mantidas sob o controle para o processamento do algod?o, uma vez que em um ambiente seco e quente os fios de algod?o liberam umidade e se rompem, aumentando o ?ndice de quebra da fia??o com o ambiente frio e ?mido, os fios absorvem umidade e perdem a consist?ncia m?nima.Com base nessas informa??es, este trabalho foi desenvolvido experimentando quatro tipos de fio de algod?o sendo de origem brasileira e os demais, de origem eg?pcia. Os fios foram expostos a temperatura e umidade diferentes em cinco experimentos distintos, contendo cada experimento seis amostras que passaram por testes f?sicos e mec?nicos: resist?ncia, for?a, tenacidade, pilosidade, t?tulo e tor??o. As an?lises foram realizadas no Laborat?rio de Mec?nica dos Fluidos na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte e na empresa COATS Corrente S.A., onde foi poss?vel fazer uso dos equipamentos fundamentais para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, tais como o STATIMAT ME que mede a resist?ncia, for?a e tenacidade do fio, Zweigler G566 o qual mensurou a quantidade de pilosidade no fio e, a meadeira e o torc?metro, respons?veis pelo t?tulo e tor??o. As an?lises revelaram altera??es nas caracter?sticas dos fios de forma diretamente proporcional, como por exemplo, conforme aumentava-se a umidade e temperatura havia um aumento da resist?ncia, for?a, tenacidade e pilosidade. Em posse desses resultados, ? poss?vel afirmar que a uma temperatura relativamente baixa e uma umidade alta, os fios de algod?o tem sua performance m?xima

Diploma thesis deals with detection of torsional stiffness with using photogrammetric equipment TRITOP device and subsequent comparison with created computational model in FEM software. Measurement and calculations were accomplished according to tutorials, which are the most effective and giving the most accurate results. Next the optional method of measurement of torsional stiffness in practice is formed for future formula series called Dragon. The reasons of different results and suggestion of optimalization are sum up in the end of the thesis.

This is a report on research done in the field of mathematical physics. It is an investigation of the concept of the linking number between two simple and closed spatial curves. The linking number is a topological invariant with scientific applications ranging from DNA biology to Topological Quantum Field Theory. Our aim is to study C ̆alug ̆areanu’s theorem, also called White’s formula, which relates the linking number to the concepts of twist and writhe. We are interested in the limit of the two curves as they approach each other. To regulate this, we introduce a regularization method that utilizes a point-split. Further we explore if the result is dependent on how the regularization is introduced. Therefor we inflict an asymmetry in the regularization, with a parameter a in the point-split intervals, to check whether the result becomes dependent on a or not. We find that the result is independent of the parameter a.

Denna rapport beskriver arbetet med att konstruera utrustning för att strimla, tvinna och fixera en flerskiktsfilm i form av reflextejp med avsikten att tillverka garn av den strimlade tejpen där garnet slutligen stickas och vävs till tyger. Avsikten är inte att utveckla reflexgarn eftersom existerande metoder finns för detta, utan att undersöka om garntillverkning från filmmaterial, eller i en förlängning, andra tvådimensionella material lämpar sig för garnproduktion. Om metoden går att utveckla till kostnadseffektiva, industriella processer kan den exempelvis användas för återvinning av textilier i steget innan konsumentnivå. Överproduktion och tyger med fabrikationsfel inom textilindustrin skulle hypotetiskt kunna strimlas till remsor som tvinnas till relativt grova garner i mekaniska processer. En fördel är att materialblandningar och tillsatta additiv som normaltsett försvårar återvinning inte behöver beaktas. Ett annat tänkbart användningsområde är att råvaror som inte är lämpliga till fibertillverkning kan användas förtextilproduktion. Cellulosabaserat material som används till papperstillverkning där papperet sedan strimlas och tvinnas till garner är ett relativt nytt exempel på garnproduktion från tvådimensionell struktur som just nu är under utveckling. De konstruktioner som tillverkades för strimling, tvinning och fixering fungerade för att producera garner som gick att virka, sticka och väva med. En avgörandefaktor för garnkvaliteten var vilken slags polymer som reflextejpens lim var uppbyggd av. Polyuretan visade sig ge det mest användbara garnet och drygt tvåhundrameter garn av detta material tillverkades under arbetet. De processer och metoder som utvecklats är att betrakta som initiala steg, men är uppskalningsbara till kontinuerliga tillverkningsmetoder i industriell produktion. / This report describes the work of designing equipment for shredding, twisting and heat fixate a multilayer film in the form of reflective tape. The intention is to produce yarn of the shredded and twisted tape, where the yarn is finally knitted and woven into fabrics. The intention is not to develop reflex yarns because existing methods exists for this, but to investigate whether yarn production from film materials, or in an extension, other two-dimensional materials are suitable for yarn production. For example, if the method can be developed into cost-effective industrial processes, it can be used for textile recycling in the pre-consumer stage. Overproduction in the textile industry and fabrics with defects could hypothetically be shredded into strips that are twisted into relatively coarse yarns in mechanical processes. One advantage is that material mixtures and additives which normally make recycling difficult need not be taken into account. Another conceivable area of application is that raw materials which are not suitable for fiber production can be used for textile production. Cellulose-based material used for paper where the paper is shredded and twisted into yarns is a relatively new example of yarn production from a two-dimensional structure that is currently under development. The constructions made for shredding, twisting and heat fixation worked to produce yarns that could be transformed into fabrics. A decisive factor for the yarn quality was the kind of polymer on which the tapes adhesive film was made from. Polyurethane was found to provide the most useful yarn and more than two hundred meters of yarn were made from this material during the work. The processes and methods that have been developed are considered initial steps, but are scalable to continuous manufacturing methods in industrial production.

“La vie ne produit pas de corps symétrique”L. Pasteur. Briser la symétrie-miroir est un sujet fascinant qui revêt un rôle crucial en physique, en chimie et en biologie.Le but ultime de cette étude est de démontrer expérimentalement la conjecture de Curie de-Gennes. Cette hypothèse a été proposée pour la première fois par P. Curie 1894 et plus tard développée par De-Gennes. Elle indique qu’il est possible de générer une dissymétrie (excès énantiomérique (e.e.)) en soumettant un mélange racémique à l'influence combinée de champs magnétique et électrique colinéaires. Une telle influence modifie la cinétique du système : selon l'orientation relative des champs magnétique et électrique, l'un des énantiomères est formé plus rapidement que l'autre en raison d’une énergie d'activation inférieure (Ea). Une telle influence a été ultérieurement appelée « faussement chirale » par Barron. Pour démontrer expérimentalement cette conjecture, deux expériences différentes ont été développées :1) La cristallisation énantiosélective d'un réseau de coordination chiral sous des influences physiques externes (champ magnétique ou force de rotation) par diffusion lente. Un petit e.e. est supposé être créé puis amplifié par la croissance des cristaux à l'interface solvant/vapeur d'éthanol. Dans cette expérience, nous avons constaté que la démonstration de conjecture de Curie de Gennes est difficile à atteindre en raison de la forte dispersion de la moyenne des valeurs du e.e. obtenues et de la faiblesse de l'effet attendu.2) La création d'un e.e. dans un atropisomère racémique d’un cristal liquide à base de biphényle en appliquant des champs magnétique et électrique (anti) parallèles. Un arrangement supramoléculaire hélicoïdal des molécules de biphényles dans la phase nématique augmentera le signal lié à la présence d’un e.e. à un niveau mesurable. Au cours de cette seconde expérience, nous avons observé expérimentalement un e.e des dérivés à base de biphényle induit par une combinaison (anti)parallèle de champs magnétique et électrique. Cet excès dépend linéairement du produit des champs magnétique et électrique et l’ordre de grandeur des résultats observés expérimentalement correspond aux estimations théoriques. Compte tenu des résultats obtenus, sous réserve d’ultimes vérifications, cette expérience constitue une démonstration expérimentale convaincante de la conjecture Curie de-Gennes. / “La vie ne produit pas de corps symétrique” L. Pasteur Mirror symmetry breaking is an ever-fascinating topic that plays a crucial role in physics, chemistry, and biology. The ultimate goal of this study is to demonstrate experimentally the so-called Curie de-Gennes conjecture. It was proposed for the first time by P. Curie (1894) and later developed by de-Gennes. It stipulates that it is possible to generate dissymmetry (enantiomeric excess (e.e.)) by submitting a racemic mixture to the combined influence of collinear magnetic and electric fields. Such influence modifies the kinetics of the system: depending on the relative orientation of the magnetic and electric fields, one of the enantiomers is formed faster than the other because of a lower activation energy (Ea),. This influence was later named by Barron as « falsely chiral ». To demonstrate this conjecture, two different experiments were developed:1) The enantioselective crystallization of a chiral metal-organic framework under external physical influence (magnetic field or rotation force) by slow diffusion. The small e.e. is expected to be created and amplified by crystal growth at the interface aqueous solution / ethanol-saturated vapors. In this experiment, we have found that the Curie de-Gennes conjecture demonstration is difficult to achieve due to high dispersion of the average of the observed e.e. and the weakness of the expected effect. 2) Creating an e.e. in a racemic atropisomeric biphenyl based liquid crystal by applying (anti)parallel magnetic and electric fields. The helical twisting power of biphenyls molecules in the nematic phase will enhance the dichroic signal related to the expected e.e. to a measurable level. During this second experiment we have experimentally observed an e.e. in biphenyl-based nematic liquid crystals induced by (anti)parallel combination of magnetic and electric fields. This excess was linearly dependent on the product of magnetic and electric fields and, within one order of magnitude, its absolute value corresponds to the theoretical estimation. Ultimate checks shall confirm that these results constitute a convincing experimental demonstration of the Curie de Gennes conjecture.

Pour comprendre l'origine de la torsion lamellaire dans le poly(triméthylène téréphtalate), PTT, une étude a été entrepris sur la structure des sphérolites à bandes de PTT en utilisant la micro-diffraction des rayons-X sur une source synchrotrone. Nous avons démontré que les pics de diffraction de la maille triclinique de PTT révèlent une variation périodique de l'intensité en fonction de la distance jusqu'au centre sphérolitique lorsque nous effectuons un balayage avec un micro-faisceau de rayons X. Cela indique que la torsion lamellaire est strictement uniforme et régulière. Celte derrière observation est plus compatible avec le modèle expliquant la torsion comme résultat de contraintes surfaciques que des dislocations-vis géantes. En outre, les données expérimentales montrent que les polymères achiraux ne sont pas indifférents par rapport à l'inversion de la chiralité lamellaire, et que le changement de la chiralité est nécessairement accompagné d'un changement de signe du vecteur de croissance. En plus, nous avons observé que l'inclinaison globale de la chaîne (c'est à dire, l'inclinaison du paramètre c de la maille dans le plan perpendiculaire à la direction de la croissance rapide) n'affecte pas la vitesse et le sens de la torsion. Cela remet en question la seconde hypothèse du modèle de Keith et Padden. Par contre, l'inclinaison des segments de la chaine à l'interface du cristal lamellaire peut être identifiée comme le facteur clé déterminant les contraintes superficielles qui provoquent la torsion lamellaire. Avec la variation de l'épaisseur du cristal la chiralité lamellaire change, ce qui dû au changement de l'angle des segments polymères à l'interface. / To address the origin of the lamellar twisting in polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) an in-depth micro-focus X-ray scattering study was correlated to the data derived using conventional polarized optical microscopy to study the banded spherulite texture for PTT. It is shown that the diffraction peaks of the triclinic lattice of PTT show a periodical pattern as a function of the distance from the spherulite center when scanned with the micro focus X-ray beam. This indicates that the lamellar twist has a strictly uniform and regular nature. The latter observation is more compatible with the model explaining the twist as a result of unbalanced surface stresses than the giant screw dislocations. Moreover, the data shows that achiral polymers are in fact not indifferent to the inversion of the lamellar handedness, and that a change in handedness is necessarily accompanied by a change in the sign of the growth vector. At the same time, we show that the overall chain tilt (i.e., the inclination of the c-parameter of the unit cell in the plane perpendicular to the fast growth direction) does not affect the rate and sense of twisting. This calls into question the second premise of the KP-mod el. Instead, the local inclination of the terminal segment of the crystalline stem protruding the lamellar surface can be identified as the origin of the surface stresses and forcing the lamellar ribbon to twist. With the variation of the crystal thickness as a function of crystallization temperature the angle and direction of this segment is changed, resulting in a change of the lamellar ribbon chirality.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the recent years we have seen that due scarcity of fossil fuels it becomes increasingly important the improvement of renewable energy such as micro hydro generation, solar energy, wind power and others. The reason for such importance is related to the consolidation of what has being called future in terms of power generation, which is based on power generation through decentralization of interconnected small generators and consumer centers. The distribution level, distributed on generation sources along with the loads connected to its bus, creates a microgrid. Depending on the instantaneous load and installed generation capacity a microgrid can behave as a consumption point or power generation at different times, being able to operate also connected to the network or isolated form according to the provided power quality or system needs in case of failure. A generation system based on a self-excited induction generator operates isolated meeting the microgrid demands. This type of electricity micro generation can answer a series of small loads by taking the advantage of the use of small waterfalls and also wind turbines, located outside major urban centers, mainly due to its characteristics of mechanical robustness and low cost when compared to synchronous machines. These energy resources can meet the need of rural properties that are not next to the electrical system, can also be a great solution for people living on islands and oil platforms. In this fashion this Master s Thesis deals with the study of a robust control based on sliding mode of a GIAE system for regulating voltage based on a static converter reactive distributed DSTATCOM. The frequency control was not covered in this in this research; however, the voltage regulation is performed from the control of reactive power assembly. This way the use of an implemented system containing a coupling motor-generator and a PWMinverter emulates the behavior of a hydro or wind micro power plant. The GIAE terminals feed a bus where are connected loads with different characteristics, featuring a microgrid, which aims to control the supply voltage stability from the generator to the isolated system. Throughout this dissertation, simulation and experimental results are presented in order to demonstrate the applicability method to control its performances and the technical feasibility of the system. / Nos últimos anos se viu que a escassez dos combustíveis fosseis se torna cada vez mais importante o aprimoramento das energias renováveis, tais como: micro hidro geração, energia solar, energia eólica e outras. A razão para tal importância se deve a consolidação do que é chamado futuro em termos de geração de energia, sendo este baseado na descentralização da geração de energia através de redes interligadas de pequenos centros geradores/consumidores. A nível de distribuição, as fontes de geração distribuída, juntamente com as cargas conectadas ao seu barramento, formariam o que é definido como uma micro-rede. Dependendo da carga instantânea e da capacidade de geração instalada, uma microrede pode comportar-se como um ponto de consumo ou de geração de energia em diferentes momentos, sendo capaz também de operar conectada à rede ou de forma ilhada de acordo com a qualidade da energia fornecida ou necessidade do sistema em caso de falta. Um sistema de geração baseada em um gerador de indução auto excitado (GIAE) operando isolado (ilhado) o que vem a atender estas demandas das chamadas micro-redes. Este tipo de microgeração de energia elétrica pode atender uma série de pequenas cargas se valendo da utilização de pequenas quedas d água e também turbinas eólicas, localizadas fora dos grandes centros urbanos, devido basicamente as suas características de robustes mecânica e baixo custo, quando comparadas às máquinas síncronas. Estes recursos energéticos podem suprir a necessidade de propriedades rurais ou comunidades isoladas, tais como na região Amazônica, que não estejam próximas do sistema elétrico. Algumas técnicas de controle foram utilizadas para o sistema GIAE, tais como controladores por histerese e controladores proporcionais-integrais, as quais apresentaram a vantagem relacionada a simplicidade estrutural, porém os controladores não apresentam um grau de robustez adequado. Neste sentido, a presente Dissertação de Mestrado trata do estudo de um controle robusto baseado em modos deslizantes de um sistema GIAE para regulação de tensão baseado em um conversor estático de reativos distribuído DSTATCOM. Este controlador busca incrementar o grau de robustez se comparado aos controladores anteriormente propostos. O controle de frequência não foi abordado nesta dissertação, porém, a regulação de tensão é realizada a partir do controle da potência reativa do conjunto. Utilizando um sistema implementado contendo um acoplamento motor/gerador e um inversor pwm que pode emular o comportamento de uma micro central hidrelétrica ou eólica. Os terminais do GIAE alimentam um barramento onde são conectadas cargas com características distintas, caracterizando uma micro-rede, tendo como objetivo a regulação de tensão fornecida pelo gerador ao sistema isolado. Ao longo desta dissertação, resultados de simulações e experimentais são apresentados, a fim de que, seja demonstrada a aplicabilidade dos métodos de controle, seus desempenhos e a viabilidade técnica do sistema.

En este trabajo se analizará el control de la respuesta sísmica de una edificación asimétrica de 5 pisos mediante la incorporación de Amortiguadores de Masa Sintonizada (AMS) evaluando distintas distribuciones de porcentaje de masa del dispositivo para obtener una óptima ubicación en la última planta con el objeto de reducir los efectos torsionales producto de las irregularidades de planta. Para el desarrollo se designaron diversas variables para caracterizar el comportamiento de cada modelo. Estudios anteriores optaban por considerar independientemente cada variable y globalizaban la respuesta de estas a el resto de las variables. A raíz de esto, se decide analizar paralelamente y comparar en cada modelo estructural hasta obtener una óptima distribución. / A viable option to reduce seismic vibrations in structures is the use of passive control devices, within which are the Tuned Mass Dampers (AMS). In an asymmetric construction a greater flexional and torsional vibration is produced, this phenomenon leads to an increase in the forces present in the sections and an eventual collapse of the structure. In this way, the implementation of the Tuned Mass Damper in an asymmetric building, allows to dissipate the energy product of horizontal movements such as the earthquake, besides attenuating the torsional effects due to the asymmetry. In this research thesis the control of the seismic response of an asymmetric 5-story building, structured on the basis of porticos and reinforced concrete walls, will be analyzed, by incorporating Tuned Mass Dampers evaluating different distributions to obtain the optimal location and distribution in the last floor in order to control the torsional effects product of plant irregularities. / Tesis

Bats are some of the most agile flyers in nature. Their wings are highly articulated which affords them very fine control over shape and form. This thesis investigates the flight of Hipposideros Pratti. The flight pattern studied is nominally level and straight. Measured wing kinematics are used to describe the wing motion. It is shown that Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) can be used to effectively to filter the measured kinematics to eliminate outliers which usually manifest as low energy higher POD modes, but which can impact the stability of aerodynamic simulations. Through aerodynamic simulations it is established that the first two modes from the POD analysis recover 62% of the lift, and reflect a drag force instead of thrust, whereas the first three modes recover 77% of the thrust and even more lift than the native kinematics. This demonstrates that mode 2, which features a combination of spanwise twisting (pitching) and chordwise cambering, is critical for the generation of lift, and more so for thrust. Based on these inferences, it is concluded that the first 7 modes are sufficient to represent the full native kinematics. The aerodynamic simulations are conducted using the immersed boundary method on 128 processors. They utilize a grid of 31 million cells and the bat wing is represented by about 50000 surface elements. The movement of the immersed wing surface is defined by piecewise cubic splines that describe the time evolution of each control point on the wing. The major contribution of this work is the decomposition of the native kinematics into canonical flapping wing physical descriptors comprising of the flapping motion, stroke-plane deviation, pitching motion, chordwise, and spanwise cambering. It is shown that the pitching mode harvests a Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) during the upstroke to produce thrust. It also stabilizes the LEV during downstroke, as a result, larger lift and thrust production is observed. Chordwise cambering mode allows the LEV to glide over and cover a large portion of the wing thus contributing to more lift while the spanwise cambering mode mitigates the intensification of LEV during the upstroke by relative rotation of outer part of the wing ( hand wing ) with respect to the inner part of the wing ( arm wing). While this thesis concerns itself with near straight-level flight, the proposed decomposition can be applied to any complex flight maneuver and provide a basis for unified comparison not only over different bat flight regimes but also across other flying insects and birds. / MS

[ES] Las infusiones exógenas de insulina son vitales para las personas con diabetes tipo 1 para suplir parcialmente la incapacidad del páncreas de secretar insulina. Sin embargo, las terapias intensivas actuales pueden restringir la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Los pacientes con esta enfermedad tienen que tomar decisiones constantemente sobre las dosis de insulina que lleva a la glucosa a niveles seguros. Si no lo consiguen, pueden sufrir las complicaciones crónicas y agudas derivadas de los niveles anormalmente altos o bajos de glucosa. La regulación automática de glucosa con sistemas de páncreas artificial prometía reducir la carga del autocontrol de la enfermedad al mismo tiempo que se mejoraba el tiempo en normoglucemia y se reducía la variabilidad. Sin embargo, estas promesas sólo se han cumplido parcialmente. Aunque esta tecnología mejora el control glucémico que logran las terapias tradicionales, la ingesta de alimentos y la práctica de ejercicio limitan la eficiencia de los sistemas de páncreas artificial durante el día. De hecho, los sistemas comerciales sólo pueden hacerles frente con la ayuda de los pacientes. Para compensar las ingestas, los pacientes deben anunciar el contenido de carbohidratos al sistema. Para el ejercicio, deben anunciar el inicio de la actividad o tomar medidas preventivas como modificar la referencia de glucosa o reducir la basal con mucha antelación. Estas exigencias no sólo no ayudan a reducir la carga del paciente, sino que pueden comprometer la eficiencia del sistema cuando el paciente se equivoca al estimar los carbohidratos, omite el anuncio de la comida o no puede planificar el ejercicio. Así pues, esta tesis propone nuevos métodos para eliminar el anuncio de ingestas y ejercicio lo que ayudaría a reducir la intervención del paciente en los sistemas de páncreas artificial, y, en consecuencia, mejorar la calidad de vida. Desde un punto de vista de control, las ingestas y el ejercicio pueden considerarse perturbaciones. Esta tesis explota métodos de la literatura de rechazo de perturbaciones y acomodación de fallos para lograr el objetivo de la tesis. En concreto, hay que destacar tres aplicaciones: 1) se ha desarrollado un observador super-twisting para detectar comidas no anunciadas como primer paso para su compensación; 2) se ha diseñado un observador de modos deslizantes de primer orden para la estimación de la ratio de aparición de glucosa, la cual ha sido integrada en un generador de bolos para compensar las comidas; 3) se ha empleado el principio de diseño por modelo interno para mitigar el efecto de las ingestas de alimentos y ejercicio, añadiendo sugerencias de carbohidratos de rescate a la insulina. Como resultado, las contribuciones de esta tesis allanan el camino para el desarrollo de sistemas de páncreas artificial sin anuncios, que liberen al paciente de la carga de la gestión de la diabetes. / [CA] Les infusions exògenes d'insulina són vitals per a les persones amb diabetis tipus 1 per a suplir parcialment l'incapacitat del pàncrees de secretar insulina. No obstant, les teràpies intensives actuals poden restringir la qualitat de vida dels pacients. Les persones amb aquesta malaltia han de prendre decisions contínuament sobre la dosi d'insulina que fa que la glucosa estiga en valors segurs. Si no ho aconsegueixen, poden sofrir les complicacions cròniques i agudes derivades dels nivells anormalment alts o baixos de glucosa. La regulació automàtica de glucosa amb sistemes de pàncrees artificials prometia reduir la càrrega d'autocontrol de la malaltia al mateix temps que es millorava el temps en normoglucèmia i es reduïa la variabilitat. No obstant, aquestes promeses s'han complit només parcialment. Encara que aquesta tecnologia millora el control de la glucosa, la ingesta d'aliments i la pràctica d'exercici limiten l'eficiència dels sistemes de pàncrees artificials durant el dia. De fet, els sistemes comercials només poden fer-les front amb la ajuda dels pacients. Per a compensar les ingestes, el pacients han d'anunciar al sistema la quantitat de carbohidrats. Per al exercici, han d'anunciar l'inici de l'activitat o prendre mesures preventives com modificar la referència de glucosa o reduir la infusió basal d'insulina. Aquestes exigències no només no ajuden a reduir la càrrega al pacient, sinó que poden comprometre l'eficiència del sistema quan el pacient confon la estimació dels carbohidrats, omet l'anunciament de la ingesta o no pot planificar l'exercici. Així doncs, aquesta tesi proposa nous mètodes per a eliminar l'anunciament d'ingestes i exercici permetent reduir així la intervenció del pacient, i, en conseqüència, millorar la qualitat de vida. Des del punt de vista de control, les ingestes i el exercici poden considerar-se pertorbacions. Aquesta tesi explota mètodes de la literatura de rebuig de pertorbacions i acomodament de fallades. En particular, es destaquen tres aplicacions: 1) s'ha desenvolupat un observador super-twisting per a detectar ingestes no anunciades com a primer pas per a la seua compensació; 2) se ha dissenyat un observador de modes lliscants per a estimar el rati d'aparició de glucosa de la ingesta, el qual s'ha integrat en un generador de bols d'insulina per compensar les ingestes; 3) se ha empleat el principi de disseny per model intern per a mitigar l'efecte de les ingestes i exercici, incorporant recomanacions de carbohidrats a la insulina. Com a resultat, les contribucions d'aquesta tesi obren el camí per a desenvolupar sistemes de pàncrees artificial sense anunciaments, que alliberen al pacient de la càrrega de la gestió de la diabetis. / [EN] Exogenous insulin infusions are vital for people with type 1 diabetes to partially make up for the inability of the pancreas to secrete insulin. However, current intensive therapies may restrict patients' quality of life. People with this disease have to constantly make decisions about insulin doses to bring glucose levels to a safe range. If unsuccessful, they may suffer from chronic and acute complications related to abnormally high and low glucose values. The automatic regulation of glucose with artificial pancreas systems promised to reduce patients' self-control burdens while improving time in normoglycemia and decreasing variability. However, these promises are fulfilled only partially. Although this technology outperforms the glycemic outcomes achieved by conventional therapies, meal intake and physical activity limit its daytime performance. Indeed, commercially available systems only can handle them with the support of the patients. For meals, patients must announce the carbohydrate content to the system. For exercise, they must notify the activity or take preventive actions like changing glucose setpoint or decreasing basal well ahead before exercise. These demands do not help reduce the patient's burden. They even can compromise the system performance when the patient misestimates the carbohydrate content, omits the meal announcement, or cannot plan the exercise event. Hence, this thesis proposes new methods to eliminate the need for meal and exercise announcements, thus reducing patient intervention in artificial pancreas systems for a better quality of life. From a control perspective, meals and exercise can be regarded as disturbances; therefore, this thesis exploits methods from the disturbance rejection and fault accommodation literature to achieve the thesis goal. Specifically, the following three applications must be highlighted: 1) a super-twisting-based residual generator has been developed to detect unannounced meals as the first step to their compensations; 2) a sliding-mode disturbance observer has been designed to estimate the glucose meal appearance, which is fed into a bolusing algorithm to compensate the meals; 3) the internal model principle is employed to mitigate the effects of meal intakes and exercise, supplementing insulin infusions with carbohydrate recommendations. As a result, the contributions of this thesis pave the way for the development of announcement-free artificial pancreas systems, releasing patients from the burden of diabetes management. / This work was partially supported by: grant DPI2016-78831-C2-1-R funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”; grant PID2019-107722RB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033; and grant ACIF/2017/021 funded by the Generalitat Valenciana through European Social Funds (FSE). Also, the grant BEFPI/2019/077, funded by the Generalitat Valenciana through FSE funds, supported a 7-month research stay at Physiological da University (Óbudai Egyetem, Óbuda, Budapest, Hungary) / Sala Mira, I. (2023). New Contributions Towards Meal and Exercise Announcement-Free Artificial Pancreas Systems [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/192684