Cette étude exploratoire dresse un portrait des transitions de milieux de vie (MDV) dans des Centres de réadaptation en déficience intellectuelle et en troubles envahissants du développement (CRDITED) de la grande région de Montréal. Elle permet d’identifier 1) les pratiques de transition de MDV des intervenants pivots en CRDITED, 2) les critères de succès de la transition de MDV et les moyens de les évaluer selon les personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle et les intervenants pivots et 3) l’écart entre les pratiques souhaitées et les pratiques actuelles à partir du point de vue des deux types de participants. Des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle (N = 9) et des intervenants pivots (N = 19) se sont exprimés sur leurs expériences de transition de MDV en participant à des entretiens de groupe. Une analyse qualitative de contenu a permis d’identifier une typologie des expériences de transition de MDV du point de vue des intervenants pivots. Un seul type de transition de MDV parmi les cinq identifiés, le type préparée, offre des conditions favorisant la réalisation de la transition dans des conditions satisfaisantes pour les intervenants pivots. Les autres types de transitions (types dernière minute, explosive, clé en main et salle d’attente) offrent peu d’occasions pour la personne présentant une déficience intellectuelle de s’impliquer dans le processus de transition. Les propos des intervenants pivots permettent d’identifier les caractéristiques d’une transition de MDV qu’ils jugent idéale (type comme si c’était moi). Les types de transitions sont comparés entre eux sur deux axes, soit sur l’axe représentant un continuum d’implication de la personne présentant une déficience intellectuelle dans sa propre transition et sur l’axe identifiant les grandes étapes de réalisation de la transition. Les résultats permettent de déceler un écart important entre les transitions actuellement effectuées et les politiques, intentions et engagements de l’offre de service auprès de cette clientèle, notamment au regard de l’implication de la personne présentant une déficience intellectuelle dans les décisions relatives à sa transition de MDV. L’étude permet aussi d’identifier trois dimensions importantes de l’évaluation du succès de la transition selon les perspectives des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle et des intervenants pivots. Les dimensions identifiées sont : bien-être psychologique et comportement, santé physique et collaboration. Les propos des intervenants pivots permettent de constater qu’il existe parfois un paradoxe entre leurs perceptions du succès de la transition de MDV et celles des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle. L’interprétation des résultats a permis d’élaborer des recommandations afin de favoriser de meilleures pratiques de transition. / This exploratory study provides a portrait of community living transitions in rehabilitation centers for intellectual disabilities and pervasive developmental disorders (CRDITED) in the greater Montreal region. It identifies: 1) the practices of community living transitions in CRDITED, 2) the success criteria of the community living transitions and ways to evaluate them according to people with intellectual disabilities and educators, and 3) the difference between the desired practices and current practices from the viewpoint of both respondents. People with intellectual disabilities (N = 9) and educators (N = 19) spoke about their experiences of community living transitions in group interviews. Qualitative content analysis has identified a typology of community living transitions from the educators’ point of view. One out the five types of transitions offers favorable conditions for a transition under satisfactory criteria for educators (prepared). Other types of transitions (last minute, explosive, turnkey, waiting room) offer little opportunity for the person with intellectual disabilities to get involved in the transition process. Educators identify characteristics of an ideal community living transition (as if it was me). All types of transitions are compared with each other based on transition steps and on the involvement level of the person with intellectual disabilities. A difference between the currently performed transitions and policy intentions and commitments was identified, particularly with regard to the involvement of the person in decisions on its own community living transition. The study also identified three important transition success dimensions from the perspective of both respondents: psychological well-being and behavior, physical health, and collaboration. The results disclose that there is sometimes a paradox in community living transition success perceptions between educators and people with intellectual disabilities. Interpretation of the results helped develop recommendations to promote better community living transition practices.

This work deals with the gifted children and their education possibilities in Czech schools. The work is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part we first look in what talent is, we will explain different terms which are similar in meaning to the word talent and how to differentiate between them, we will introduce models of talent by various authors and also the basic types of talent. Further I mention the characteristics of the gifted children and how to use these characteristics to identify them. Subsequently, we divide the gifted children into different categories depending on the manifestations of their talents. Significant part of this work is the education of the gifted children, which I split into education at school and out of school. I describe concrete forms of education and possibilities of work with the gifted children and I evaluate their pros and cons. By out of school activities I mean family environment and organizations and institutions focused on education of the gifted children. The rest of the theoretical part I provide summary of this of this topic in the Czech Republic and also what is the situation with education of the pedagogues of the gifted children. The practical part includes a questionnaire and its evaluation aimed at finding the...

The work deals with the cooperation of pupils among first and second grade pupils in a primary school. It analyzes to which extent are second grade pupils able to give their knowledge to pupils of the first grade. Then it shows how the learning style and the personality affects the cooperation of an individual within the group. The practical part proofs the long-term investigation in one class that was systematically prepared for the cooperation among older and younger pupils. The results of this research in the observed class evaluate higher level of cooperative and communication skills of individual pupils than those, who previously did not deal with cooperation. Teaching pupils how to cooperate gradually developed their relationship not only to younger classmates, but to the willingness to help each other, to respect the opinions of others and it also strengthened the relationships in the observed classroom. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Background: Intravenous way of drug application is the most common between problem drug users at Prague. Due Mravčík et al. (2015), the estimate is, that there was a 15 700 intravenous drug users at Prague in 2014 (7 500 pervitin users, 2 500 heroin users and 5 700 buprenorphine users). And that they spend about 15,5 millions of syringes every year (Švůgerová, 2015). But the data in Annual report on drug situation 2014 says, there was only 2, 6 millions of syringes distributed (Mravčík et al., 2015). This means, that Prague intravenous drug users spend many more syringes, that are distributed by low-treshold services and pharmacies. That is a reason of charting of the behaviour of drug users in connection with application of addictive substance, especially how the consuption of injecting material is connected with single type of drug user. Aims: The main aim of the thesis is to find out the frequency of drug application in intravenous drug users and to estimate the total consumption of injecting materialial depended on single of users typology (used drugs, frequncy of contact with harm reduction services…) Research sample: The sample consists of 155 clients of harm reduction services at Prague (3 contact centers and 3 streetwork programs). All of the respondents stated the intravenous drug using in...

La Manche orientale représente une zone économique importante qui supporte diverses activités anthropiques comme le tourisme, le transport maritime et l’exploitation de ressources vivantes ou minérales. De plus, cette région possède un riche patrimoine biologique illustré par sa grande diversité d’habitats. Les Aires Marines Protégées (AMP) sont souvent évoquées comme un instrument de gestion permettant d’aménager l’exploitation durable de ces ressources marines, dans le cadre d’une gestion écosystémique intégrée et responsable. Si les Etats ont pour obligation de créer des réseaux d’AMPs dans leurs eaux nationales, chacune d’elles est souvent localisée au cas par cas. Afin de coordonner la mise en place des différents réseaux d’AMPs, une démarche de planification spatiale systématique de la conservation est de plus en plus encouragée. Cette démarche a pour but de proposer un réseau d’AMP qui soit cohérent, même dans un contexte transfrontalier, comme c’est le cas en Manche orientale. Les travaux de recherche menés lors de cette thèse apportent ainsi une contribution scientifique à la mise en cohérence de l’aménagement des activités anthropiques avec les objectifs de conservation de l’écosystème marin de Manche orientale. Dans le cadre d’une approche de conservation intégrée, toute la biodiversité de la Manche orientale doit être représentée. Pour cela, en complément des typologies benthiques existantes dans la zone, une typologie des masses d’eau a été proposée et validée avec différents jeux de données d’espèces pélagiques. Marxan et Zonation, deux logiciels largement répandus en planification de la conservation ont été comparés dans le processus de conception du réseau d’AMP en Manche orientale. La conclusion a été que Marxan serait le logiciel utilisé pour la suite des analyses. En effet, ce logiciel est conçu pour atteindre clairement les cibles de conservation, ce qui facilite l’interprétation des résultats.Puis une étape essentielle de planification de la conservation a été réalisée à travers une analyse des lacunes (gap analysis) à l’échelle de la Manche orientale. Elle a permis de montrer que le réseau d’AMP existant atteint les cibles de conservation calculées dans cette thèse et qu’il couvre 33% de la Manche orientale. Il faut toutefois noter que l’étude des possibles lacunes au niveau de la gestion des AMPs n’a pu être réalisée de façon approfondie car la majorité de ces AMPS ne possèdent pas encore de plan de gestion défini.Finalement, l’influence de l’intégration des activités humaines dans le processus de conception du réseau d’AMP a été explorée grâce à l’utilisation de données d’effort de pêche et de données de débarquements. De plus, d’autres informations sur le trafic maritime, les extractions de granulats marins et les potentielles zones d’éoliennes en mer ont été ajoutées pour prendre en compte la totalité des usages et réglementation qui génèrent des contraintes spatiales en Manche orientale. / The eastern English Channel is a significant economic area that supports a number of human-based activities, such as tourism and recreational activities, international ports and shipping, and the extraction of both living and mineral resources. In addition, the region supports a number of important marine biological features and large habitat diversity. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are increasingly used as a management tool to foster a sustainable exploitation of marine resources in an ecosystem based management framework. All European countries have a legal obligation to develop MPA networks in their national waters. However, there has to date been only limited attempts to coordinate the design and positioning of such networks at an international level and the use of a systematic conservation planning approach is now recommended. This process aims to propose a coherent MPA network, even in a trans-boundary context as in the eastern English Channel (EEC). The studies conducted in this thesis contribute to the scientific knowledge needed to support both anthropogenic activities and conservation objectives in the eastern English Channel.The representation of the whole biodiversity of the eastern English Channel is important in a context of an integrated conservation approach. With this objective, to complete the existing benthic typologies, a pelagic typology was produced and validated with various pelagic species distribution data to ensure that the total biodiversity of the eastern English Channel would be considered.Marxan and Zonation, two widely used conservation planning software packages that provide decision support for the design of reserve systems were compared in the MPA network design process in the EEC. It was found that Marxan was most suitable for subsequent analyses in this thesis because it found reasonably efficient and clear solutions to the problem of selecting a system of spatially cohesive sites that met a suite of biodiversity targets, and the results were easily interpretable.Then, as it is an essential step in a conservation planning approach, a gap analysis was realized at the scale of the EEC. The currently proposed network met conservation targets proposed in this thesis and was found to cover 33% of the EEC. However, a correct assessment of management gaps was not possible as a major part of these MPA do not have management rules yet.Finally, the influence of the human activity data on the MPA design process was studied using landings and fishing effort data. Other information on maritime traffic, aggregate extraction or offshore windmills zones, and on-going MPA projects were also added to consider the whole set of uses and regulations that generate spatial constraints in the eastern English Channel.

This diploma work deals with the causes and typology of life crises. In another part the diploma work focuses on the phenomenon of marital and partner crises, for their solution and prevention of conflicts in relationships. Then we will discuss what possible benefits could be in crisis not only for marriage or partnership, and finally we will mention marriage and partner counseling as a valuable source for help to overcome the crisis in relations with a partner. In the practical part we will try to prove that the crisis in human life can bring to the marriage or partnership such a change, incentive, or motivation, which can be in an interval of time spent by the crisis perceived as positive and beneficial. Keywords: Life crisis, causes and typology of life crises, marriage crisis, partner crisis, marital and partner counseling, positive benefits of a life crisis

This Master's Thesis studies the question of the presentation of the declenation and grammatical cases in Czech targeting Arab native speakers. This represents the most difficult as well as the most important area in Czech grammar. This work mainly focuses on the similarities and differences in typology between Czech and Arabic. The aim is to analyse the methods used in Czech grammar books meant for Arab students and raise their strong points and at the same time find their imperfections to use them as a potential for further improvement of the teaching process. A questionnaire helps us find difficulties linked with learning declension paradigms and Czech grammatical cases in the process of teaching and learning Czech as a target language. The conclusion then offers a number of lingvodidactic recommendations for teachers and authors publishing teaching material for Arab students.

Dans le courant de la théorie culturelle de la consommation (CCT), cette thèse explore la relation du consommateur à son système de consommation et s’emploie à décrire sous quelle forme de valorisation le consommateur l’exploite dans l’expérience. La première partie, qualitative, s’attache à explorer la nature de la relation du consommateur à son système d’objets (la garde-robe dans notre cas) à travers une étude anthropologique et une étude sémiotique réalisées durant les phases d’utilisation (filmées, photographiées et retranscrites) des systèmes de consommation. La seconde partie, quantitative, explore la sédimentation de valeur propre à l’exploitation d’un système au cours de différentes expériences de consommation : l’utilisation et le magasinage, envisagées dans le prêt-à-porter. Les résultats montrent une valorisation du système associée à la composante organisationnelle (traditionnellement décrite comme utilitaire) de la valeur à travers la recherche d’attributs d’interopérabilité des produits entre eux. Trois instruments de mesure sont adaptés et exploités dans une proposition de typologie. Nos données nous autorisent à valider la fiabilité des instruments de mesure adaptés et à identifier une typologie croisée de profils de magasinage et d’utilisation. / Within the course of the theory of cultural consumption (CCT), this research aims to enlighten on the relationship between the consumer to hir or her system of consumption. The first part, qualitative, attempts to describe the nature of the relationship between the consumer and his or her system (the wardrobe in our case) through an anthropological study and a semiotic study. The data was collected by way of observation (video and audio taped) during usage experiences. The second part, quantitative, measures separately the sedimentation of value linked to usage and shopping experiences. Applied to the clothing market, results show the value of the organisational and systemic concerns (which merges with the utilitarian aspects of value). Three tools are adapted and applied in order to construct a segmentation of consumers. The data allows us to confirm the reliability of our measurement scales and to suggest typologies based on usage and shopping, experiences which underlines the real link between the two consumption experiences as long as we take into account the system of consumption.

La masse de documentation céramique disponible pour les différentes phases de la Protohistoire corse était aussi quantitativement importante que peu étudiée. L’analyse de ces sources (43 collections issues de 35 sites) selon une méthodologie basée sur les rapports de proportion, couplée au réexamen critique des publications et des datations radiocarbone, engendre une vision renouvelée de la structure chrono-culturelle des groupes insulaires entre Bronze final et premier âge du Fer. Pour aboutir, par sériation et périodisation, à un schéma reposant sur une articulation entre des entités matérielles clairement définies, il a notamment fallu se détacher de certains faux problèmes à l’origine d’hypothèses initiales souvent arbitraires ou trop tranchées. Les principaux résultats font apparaître une structuration polygénique complexe des assemblages céramiques, subtil jeu d’équilibre entre tradition, emprunt et innovation en fonction des époques et des contextes, mais qui intègre pleinement la Corse dans les dynamiques tyrrhéniennes et méditerranéennes à l’aube de l’avènement des premières sociétés historiques. / The amount of information available on ceramic ware from the different phases of Corsican protohistory is as quantitatively important as little studied. An analysis of these sources (43 collections from 35 sites) using a methodology based on ratios of proportion, as well as a critical re-examination of publications and radiocarbon dates, brings about a new understanding of the chrono-cultural structure of island groups between the Late Bronze and the Early Iron Ages. After resolving a few of the issues which led to previous arbitrary and incomplete analyses, it has been possible to generate a schema based on clearly defined material elements using seriation and periodisation. The main results show a complex polygenic structure in the ceramic assemblages, a subtle game of balance between tradition, borrowing and innovation in relationship to periods and contexts that plainly integrates Corsica in Tyrrhenian and Mediterranean dynamics at the dawn of the first historic societies.

The purpose of diploma work is formulate typology of nobleman in polish literary at 17 - 19 centuries. The theoretical part will include closer look on creativity of chosen authors and theirs works will be set into historical-literary context (for example notion sarmatism, noble culture in era of Romanism etc.). Analysis section will notice on mutual parallel and also on particular specific of each authors respectively on theirs texts if is it conception of noble character. Author of this task will issue from 3 main texts: Memoirs who's author is J. Ch. Pasek, from Mickiewicz's Pan Tadeasz and from trilogy of Henryk Sienkiewicz. Main attention will be focused on characteristic of nobleman, his perception of the world and problems of noble morality.