Introdução: os estudos sobre flexibilidade vêm tentando compreender quais propriedades explicam o aumento da amplitude de movimento (ADM), além do aumento de extensibilidade muscular. Propriedades mecânicas passivas de outros tipos de tecido, como o tendão, vêm sendo avaliadas, para entender a sua interferência no aumento da ADM. Desenho do estudo: o estudo foi do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado. Objetivos: analisar, minuto a minuto, o deslocamento da junção miotendínea (JMT) do músculo gastrocnêmio medial com o tendão do calcâneo e o torque passivo durante uma sessão de 10 minutos de alongamento estático passivo de flexores plantares, e analisar a mudança destas e de outras propriedades passivas mecânicas da unidade músculo-tendínea (UMT) do tríceps sural antes e após essa intervenção, verificando se estas mudanças perduram após 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos após o protocolo de alongamento. Métodos: 30 participantes saudáveis foram divididos em grupo controle, o qual permaneceu em repouso, e experimental, o qual realizou uma sessão de 10 minutos de alongamento estático passivo no dinamômetro isocinético. Os participantes realizaram os testes de ADM, torque passivo, deslocamento da JMT e histerese antes e após a intervenção (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos). A partir dessas variáveis, foram calculadas as medidas de rigidez tendínea, muscular e da UMT. Resultados: Cinco participantes não permaneceram relaxados durante os testes e foram excluídos após análise dos dados eletromiográficos. 25 participantes foram incluídos na análise. Os resultados foram divididos em dois estudos diferentes. No primeiro estudo, apenas os 12 participantes do grupo experimental foram incluídos e, ao longo da intervenção, foi encontrada uma redução significativa do torque passivo, com a principal diferença ocorrendo nos minutos cinco e sete. No segundo estudo, foram comparados os indivíduos do grupo controle (n=13) e do grupo experimental (n=12), com um período de follow up de 60 minutos após a intervenção. A ADM aumentou e permaneceu aumentada até uma hora após a intervenção em ambos os grupos. As variáveis de deslocamento da JMT, rigidez muscular e histerese aumentaram em alguns momentos ao longo do tempo, sem diferença entre os grupos. A rigidez tendínea não apresentou diferença nem para grupo e nem para tempo. As variáveis de torque passivo e rigidez da UMT apresentaram uma interação significativa entre grupo e tempo, com uma redução das duas ao longo do tempo no grupo experimental. Conclusões: há uma redução de torque passivo ao longo de uma sessão de alongamento estático de 10 minutos dos flexores plantares de tornozelo, e fazer parte do grupo experimental influenciou no comportamento do torque passivo e da rigidez da UMT, levando a uma maior redução das mesmas para o grupo que realizou o alongamento. A ADM aumentou e permaneceu aumentada até uma hora após a intervenção. / Background: studies on flexibility have attempted to understand which properties explain increased range of motion (ROM), in addition to increased muscle extensibility. Mechanical and passive properties of other types of tissue, such tendon tissue, have been evaluated in order to understand their interference in increased ROM. Study Design: randomized clinical trial. Objectives: to analyze, minute by minute, myotendinous junction (MTJ) displacement of the medial gastrocnemius muscle with Achilles tendon and passive torque during a 10-minute passive static stretching of the ankle plantar flexors. To analyze, also, the time course change of these and other muscle-tendon unit (MTU) mechanical properties of the triceps surae before and after the intervention, verifying if the changes persist after 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after the stretching protocol. Methods: 30 healthy participants were divided into a control group, which remained at rest, and an experimental group, which performed a 10-minute passive static stretching on the isokinetic dynamometer. Participants performed tests of ROM, passive torque, MTJ displacement and hysteresis before and after the intervention (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes). From these variables, the measures of tendinous, muscular and MTU stiffness were calculated. Results: Five participants did not remain relaxed during the test and were excluded after electromyographic data analysis. 25 participants were included in the analysis. Results were divided into two different studies. In the first one, only 12 participants of experimental group were included and during the intervention, a significant reduction of the passive torque was found, with the main difference occurring in minutes five and seven. In the second study, individuals from control group (n=13) and experimental group (n=12) were compared, with a 60 minute follow-up period after the intervention. ADM increased and remained increased up to one hour after the intervention. The variables of MTJ displacement, muscular stiffness and hysteresis increased at some moments over time, with no difference between the groups. The tendinous stiffness showed no difference neither for group nor for time. The variables of passive torque and MTU stiffness showed a significant interaction between group and time, with a reduction of the two over time in the experimental group. Conclusions: passive torque decreased throughout a 10-minute passive static stretching of the ankle plantar flexors, and being part of the experimental group influenced the behavior of the passive torque and the MTU stiffness, leading to a greater reduction of the same for the group who performed the stretching.

Background: Acute heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation are common, and are sometimes difficult to differentiate in the emergency department (ED). Objectives: To determine the clinical impact of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography (POCUS) in ED patients with suspected acute heart failure or COPD. Methods: We conducted a prospective health records review with 1:3 matching, and analyzed time to events using time-dependent Cox regression analyses, classification performance, and adverse events. Results: There were 81 patients with lung POCUS and 243 matched patients. No differences were found in ED length of stay or length of care, nor adverse events. Significance was found for time to treatment (P=0.03). Lung POCUS had high sensitivity (92.5%) and specificity (85.7%) for identifying acute heart failure. Conclusions: Lung POCUS could result in faster treatments for patients with suspected acute heart failure and COPD, and has high accuracy in identifying acute heart failure.

Productivity efficiency in the livestock sector depends upon reproduction success at the farms. Evaluation of follicle and corpus luteum hemodynamics by color-Doppler ultrasonography is becoming more commonly used in cattle reproductive management. Improved understanding of the relationships between size and blood flow of the preovulatory follicle (POF) and corpus luteum (CL) with the subsequent systemic progesterone production, and the impact of those factors on fertility, would provide information to help maximize fertility in cattle reproduction. Three studies were conducted in this dissertation with the following general objectives: I) evaluate the relationships between follicle and corpus luteum dimensions and blood flow, and the influence of follicle size and wall blood flow on systemic progesterone production by the subsequent CL; II) study the relationships between follicle wall blood flow within different follicle size categories, between cows and heifers, and the effect on pregnancy rates; and III) develop a novel and reliable objective method for evaluation of follicle wall blood flow. In study one, high positive correlations were found among all POF and CL end points, and progesterone concentrations. Ratios of POF, CL, and progesterone end points ranged from moderate to strong positive correlations. Linear regression dispersions among selected POF and CL end points and progesterone concentrations showed high significance when using POF dimensions to estimate CL dimensions as well as POF blood flow to estimate CL size and blood flow, and plasma progesterone concentrations. In study two, cows had larger and more vascularized follicles than heifers. Pregnant cows had larger follicles and tended to have more vascularized follicles than non-pregnant cows. Follicle blood flow was greater in the large follicle category compared with the small follicles, and tended to be greater than medium-size follicles. Moderate to strong correlations were found between follicle blood flow and small, medium, and large follicles. Pregnancy rates were similar among follicle diameter categories. In study three, a novel objective method (wall under flow, WUF) for evaluation of follicle wall blood flow using color-Doppler ultrasonography was tested. Results indicated that due to differences in follicle morphology and in area and location of the blood flow, the objective pixel analysis previously reported in the literature for evaluation of CL blood flow cannot be translated as a gold standard test to objectively evaluate blood flow in follicles. The WUF was a superior method to evaluate follicle wall blood flow when compared with other methods. Furthermore, pixel area method did not sustain the validation of subjective evaluations of follicle wall blood flow. In conclusion, this work demonstrated novel linear relationships among POF and CL end points which can be used to estimate the subsequent progesterone production by the CL. Additionally, POF wall blood flow was closely associated with an increase in follicle diameter; smaller follicles had lower blood flow when compared with larger follicles. Moreover, the WUF was a more reliable method to objectively evaluate follicle wall blood flow in cows than the pixel area method.

Stair locomotion is one of the most difficult and challenging type of locomotion for older adults, with a high risk of fall and injuries. A major reason is that the neuromuscular system undergoes various changes through the aging process. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the age-related neuro-mechanical adjustments associated with stair locomotion and more specifically to investigate the interaction between neural and muscular changes in the plantarflexor muscles. To that aim, three main projects have been performed. The first two projects investigated the influence of age on spinal and supraspinal excitability when individuals stood at the bottom and the top of a 3-steps staircase and spinal excitability during stair locomotion. The third one focused on the age-related influence on the muscle-tendon behavior during stair locomotion. The result of the first project indicate a lower dependence on spinal pathway to control soleus motoneurons with a similar change observed in both age groups suggesting that healthy older adults preserved their ability to adjust postural control to environmental demands. The second project is the first to report the modulation of H-reflex amplitude in the plantarflexor muscles during stair ascent and descent in healthy young and older adults. This modulation likely reflects an increased role of descending inputs in controlling plantarflexor muscle activation during the stair gait cycle. However, similarly to the first project the modulation of the net excitatory inputs from group I afferents during the stair gait cycle does not seem to be influenced by healthy aging. The third project suggest that length changes of the Achilles tendon and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) fascicles favour the storage and recovery the tendon elastic strain energy over the muscle work, improving thereby the mechanical efficiency of stair ascent in young adults. In older adults, it seems that a different behavior is used to maintain a mechanical efficiency during stair ascent. In contrast, during stair descent, no difference was observed between age groups regarding the LG muscle-complex behavior despite some kinematics changes. In conclusion, this doctoral thesis indicates that despite some age-related structural and functional changes of the neuromuscular system, similar neural modulations occur during stair locomotion in young and healthy older adults. During stair ascent, a similar global pattern of change in length for the fascicle’s length and the modulation of the H reflex can be observed. However, during stair descent, H reflex modulation cannot be simply explained by the pattern of muscle length change. / Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Introdução: os estudos sobre flexibilidade vêm tentando compreender quais propriedades explicam o aumento da amplitude de movimento (ADM), além do aumento de extensibilidade muscular. Propriedades mecânicas passivas de outros tipos de tecido, como o tendão, vêm sendo avaliadas, para entender a sua interferência no aumento da ADM. Desenho do estudo: o estudo foi do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado. Objetivos: analisar, minuto a minuto, o deslocamento da junção miotendínea (JMT) do músculo gastrocnêmio medial com o tendão do calcâneo e o torque passivo durante uma sessão de 10 minutos de alongamento estático passivo de flexores plantares, e analisar a mudança destas e de outras propriedades passivas mecânicas da unidade músculo-tendínea (UMT) do tríceps sural antes e após essa intervenção, verificando se estas mudanças perduram após 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos após o protocolo de alongamento. Métodos: 30 participantes saudáveis foram divididos em grupo controle, o qual permaneceu em repouso, e experimental, o qual realizou uma sessão de 10 minutos de alongamento estático passivo no dinamômetro isocinético. Os participantes realizaram os testes de ADM, torque passivo, deslocamento da JMT e histerese antes e após a intervenção (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos). A partir dessas variáveis, foram calculadas as medidas de rigidez tendínea, muscular e da UMT. Resultados: Cinco participantes não permaneceram relaxados durante os testes e foram excluídos após análise dos dados eletromiográficos. 25 participantes foram incluídos na análise. Os resultados foram divididos em dois estudos diferentes. No primeiro estudo, apenas os 12 participantes do grupo experimental foram incluídos e, ao longo da intervenção, foi encontrada uma redução significativa do torque passivo, com a principal diferença ocorrendo nos minutos cinco e sete. No segundo estudo, foram comparados os indivíduos do grupo controle (n=13) e do grupo experimental (n=12), com um período de follow up de 60 minutos após a intervenção. A ADM aumentou e permaneceu aumentada até uma hora após a intervenção em ambos os grupos. As variáveis de deslocamento da JMT, rigidez muscular e histerese aumentaram em alguns momentos ao longo do tempo, sem diferença entre os grupos. A rigidez tendínea não apresentou diferença nem para grupo e nem para tempo. As variáveis de torque passivo e rigidez da UMT apresentaram uma interação significativa entre grupo e tempo, com uma redução das duas ao longo do tempo no grupo experimental. Conclusões: há uma redução de torque passivo ao longo de uma sessão de alongamento estático de 10 minutos dos flexores plantares de tornozelo, e fazer parte do grupo experimental influenciou no comportamento do torque passivo e da rigidez da UMT, levando a uma maior redução das mesmas para o grupo que realizou o alongamento. A ADM aumentou e permaneceu aumentada até uma hora após a intervenção. / Background: studies on flexibility have attempted to understand which properties explain increased range of motion (ROM), in addition to increased muscle extensibility. Mechanical and passive properties of other types of tissue, such tendon tissue, have been evaluated in order to understand their interference in increased ROM. Study Design: randomized clinical trial. Objectives: to analyze, minute by minute, myotendinous junction (MTJ) displacement of the medial gastrocnemius muscle with Achilles tendon and passive torque during a 10-minute passive static stretching of the ankle plantar flexors. To analyze, also, the time course change of these and other muscle-tendon unit (MTU) mechanical properties of the triceps surae before and after the intervention, verifying if the changes persist after 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after the stretching protocol. Methods: 30 healthy participants were divided into a control group, which remained at rest, and an experimental group, which performed a 10-minute passive static stretching on the isokinetic dynamometer. Participants performed tests of ROM, passive torque, MTJ displacement and hysteresis before and after the intervention (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes). From these variables, the measures of tendinous, muscular and MTU stiffness were calculated. Results: Five participants did not remain relaxed during the test and were excluded after electromyographic data analysis. 25 participants were included in the analysis. Results were divided into two different studies. In the first one, only 12 participants of experimental group were included and during the intervention, a significant reduction of the passive torque was found, with the main difference occurring in minutes five and seven. In the second study, individuals from control group (n=13) and experimental group (n=12) were compared, with a 60 minute follow-up period after the intervention. ADM increased and remained increased up to one hour after the intervention. The variables of MTJ displacement, muscular stiffness and hysteresis increased at some moments over time, with no difference between the groups. The tendinous stiffness showed no difference neither for group nor for time. The variables of passive torque and MTU stiffness showed a significant interaction between group and time, with a reduction of the two over time in the experimental group. Conclusions: passive torque decreased throughout a 10-minute passive static stretching of the ankle plantar flexors, and being part of the experimental group influenced the behavior of the passive torque and the MTU stiffness, leading to a greater reduction of the same for the group who performed the stretching.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:22:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-06-22. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:28:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000852786_20170727.pdf: 361665 bytes, checksum: d5d808335081a9c3fed7e2b8e799fbc5 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-07-28T12:36:26Z: 000852786_20170727.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-07-28T12:37:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000852786.pdf: 1033847 bytes, checksum: 6afb41561aed8a3d20a5bcb13d508b71 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-08-07T14:09:17Z: 000852786.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-08-07T14:10:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000852786.pdf: 1033847 bytes, checksum: 6afb41561aed8a3d20a5bcb13d508b71 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A aplicação da ultrassonografia (USG) pode fornecer dados valiosos para eficiente intervenção clínica e cirúrgica em casos de alterações tireoidianas. Entretanto, existem poucos estudos relacionados ao emprego da USG como método de avaliação da glândula tireoide (GT) em cavalos. Portanto, foi objetivo estabelecer parâmetros de análise da GT hígida em equinos adultos através do exame ultrassonográfico em modo B e Doppler. Onze equinos (vinte e dois lobos tireoidianos) foram selecionados através de resultados negativos para tireopatias no exame clínico, laboratorial (tiroxina livre por diálise de equilíbrio), ultrassonográfico e citológico. Foram determinadas as médias e os desvios padrão das dimensões dos lobos tireoidianos (LTs), e a velocidade do pico sistólico, índice de resistividade e pulsatilidade de suas respectivas artérias tireoideas craniais (ATCs). Os contornos, ecotextura, ecogenicidade e padrão do fluxo em cores do parênquima (PFCP) tireoidiano foram também avaliados. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as médias dos valores obtidos para os LTs esquerdo e direito. O mesmo ocorreu para ATC esquerda e direita. A USG se mostrou uma eficiente metodologia diagnóstica para definir os valores de referência da GT em equinos adultos. Apesar dos LTs esquerdo e direito poderem apresentar formato geral distinto num mesmo animal, outros parâmetros como as dimensões, contornos, características do parênquima e vascularização se mostraram semelhantes. A partir desses critérios, se um dos lobos for acometido por tireopatia, o lobo contra-lateral poderá servir de base para avaliação do outro alterado. Além disso, os parâmetros do Doppler espectral unilateral da ATC poderá ser utilizado para avaliar doenças tireoidianas difusas / The application of ultrasonography can provide valuable data for efficient clinical and surgical intervention in cases of thyroid disorders. However, there are few studies related to the use of the USG as an evaluation method of the thyroid gland (TG) in horses. The objective was to establish analysis parameters of healthy TG in adult horses by B and Doppler mode ultrasonography. Eleven horses (twenty-two thyroid lobes) were selected through negative for thyroid disorders on clinical examination, laboratory (free thyroxine by equilibrium dialysis), USG and cytology. It was determined the means and standard deviations of dimensions of the thyroid lobes (TLs), and peak systolic velocity, resistive and pulsatility index their respective cranial thyroid arteries (ACTs). The contours, echotexture, echogenicity and parenchymal color flow pattern (PCFP) thyroid were also evaluated. There were no significant differences between values obtained for the left and right TLs. The same happened to left and right ACTs. The USG proved an efficient diagnostic methodology for defining the TG reference values in adult horses. Although the left and right TLs may present distinct general format in the same animal, other parameters as the dimensions, contours, parenchymal and vascular characteristics were similar. From these criteria, if one of the lobes is affected by thyroid disorders, the contralateral lobe could form the basis for evaluation of another lobe changed. In addition, the study unilateral ACT spectral Doppler parameters may be used to evaluate diffuse thyroid disorder

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:20:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-19. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-07T19:24:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000857979.pdf: 966651 bytes, checksum: 385c62b63db6518267b3de1b7a9250a2 (MD5) / As pesquisas envolvendo a reprodução de gatos domésticos comumente baseiam-se em análise macroscópica e andrológica do sistema reprodutor desses animais, não havendo nenhum estudo até o momento sobre a avaliação ultrassonográfica dos testículos nesta espécie. Sendo assim, este estudo prospectivo visou realizar a varredura ultrassonográfica dos testículos de 45 gatos adultos domésticos, utilizando as técnicas Modo B, Doppler e Ultrassonografia por Contraste com Microbolhas. Os resultados obtidos ao exame ultrassonográfico modo B demonstraram as estruturas testiculares com ecotextura homogênea e com ecogenicidade dentro da normalidade (semelhante à ecogenicidade do tecido esplênico), com presença de linha mediastinal evidente. Ao Doppler colorido testicular, foi possível verificar artéria testicular com padrão de ondas arterial e monofásico, em região de cordão espermático. Utilizando o Doppler Espectral, obtiveram-se os índices vasculares dos testículos direito e esquerdo, respectivamente: VS = 6.23 cm/s, VD = 2.77 cm/s e IR = 0.53; VS = 6.73 cm/s, VD = 2.8 cm/s e IR = 0.54. A avaliação ultrassonográfica contrastada por microbolhas não resultou em efeitos colaterais aos animais, apresentando-se de aplicação confiável e gerando imagens de qualidade. O contraste preencheu as estruturas vasculares subcapsulares, com moderado realce homogêneo do parênquima, além de rápida redução da ecogenicidade após o pico de realce. Os valores de tempo para o contraste de microbolhas, considerando tempo de entrada, pico de realce e tempo de saída para os testículos direito e esquerdo foram, respectivamente: tempo de entrada = 10.76 s, pico de realce = 21.50 s e pico de saída = 81.81; tempo de entrada = 8.78 s, pico de realce = 21.62 s e tempo de saída = 75.36. Esses exames foram facilmente aplicados em gatos domésticos e devem ser utilizados como técnicas auxiliares no diagnóstico de anormalidades testiculares... / Research involving breeding of domestic cats are commonly based on macroscopic and andrologic analysis, there is no study to date with sonographic evaluation of domestic cats testicle. Thus, this study aimed to perform the ultrasound scan of 45 adult domestic cats testicles, using the techniques of B mode, Triplex Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced. The results showed homogeneous testicles, with normal echogenicity and echotexture, with evident mediastinal line. Testicular artery was observed in the spermatic cord with tortuous patter and showed monophasic-patterned waves and low vascular resistance and with systolic peak evident. Values of indices vascular were as follows: SV = 6.73 cm/s, DV = 2.8 cm/s and RI = 0.54 for left testicles; and SV = 6.23 cm/s, DV = 2.77 cm/s and RI = 0.53 for right testicles. The contrast-enhanced resulted in no side effects, being reliable and generating quality images. Contrast filled the subcapsular vascular structures and after a few seconds, a homogeneous moderate enhancement of the parenchyma, with parenchymal vessels still distinguishable and after the peak phase, a rapid homogeneous decrease in echogenicity. Values of time for contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were as follows: wash-in = 8.78 s, peak enhancement = 21.62 s and wash-out = 75.36 for left testicles; and wash-in = 10.76 s, peak enhancement = 21.50 s and washout = 81.81 for right testicles. The examination in Doppler mode showed testicular artery with monophasic-patterned waves in spermatic cord. These tests were easily applied in domestic cats and should be used as auxiliary techniques in the diagnosis of testicular abnormalities in this species

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 komatsu_my_me_botfm_prot.pdf: 2888253 bytes, checksum: 2a008d09d5316840782f66ef671ef847 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O aumento progressivo nas últimas décadas na incidência do câncer de mama é um fato que assola a humanidade, entretanto, as taxas de mortalidade tendem ao decréscimo em virtude da detecção precoce através de métodos de rastreio não invasivos, e do conhecimento cada vez maior do comportamento biológico do tumor. A maior adesão aos meios de rastreamento existentes hoje, deve-se não apenas ao medo que o câncer provoca nas mulheres, mas também ao fato dos exames utilizados para este rastreio não serem invasivos. Infelizmente, ainda não existem métodos capazes de dar indícios do comportamento biológico do tumor de forma instantânea, sem que haja a necessidade de submeter as pacientes portadoras de tumores malignos da mama a procedimentos cirúrgicos. Desde o início da última década do século XX, tem-se estudado a angiogênese do tumor através da ultra-sonografia, utilizando-se dos recursos de Color Doppler e Power Doppler. Neste trabalho, realizado no Hospital Santa Marcelina de Itaquaquecetuba, em conjunto com a Disciplina de Mastologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, foram estudadas trinta e cinco pacientes com tumores malignos da mama, onde os parâmetros hemodinâmicos (Índice de Resistência, Índice de Pulsatibilidade e a Velocidade Máxima no Pico Sistólico) através do Color Doppler... / Although a progressive increase in the incidence of breast cancer is a fact that plagues mankind, mortality rates tend to decrease given precocious detection using non-invasive tracking methods and an ever-growing knowledge of tumoral biological behaviour. The current large adhesion to tracking methods is explained not only by the fear cancer raises in women but also to the use of non-invasive exams. Unfortunately, there are no methods capable of giving instantaneous indication of tumoral biological behaviour without submitting patients with malignant tumors to surgical procedure. Since the early nineties and now at the dawn of the 21st Century, the angiogenesis of the tumor is being studied with the help of Color Doppler and Power Doppler ultrasonography. In this research - carried out at Santa Marcelina Hospital in Itaquaquecetuba in cooperation with the Department of Mastology of the Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, thirty five patientes with mammary malignat tumors were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: José Luiz Laus / Coorientador: Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro / Banca: Alexandre Lima de Andrade / Banca: Cristiane dos Santos Honsho / Resumo: Com a pesquisa, objetivou-se padronizar e comparar valores ecobiométricos e eletrorretinográficos em cães das raças terrier brasileiro e beagle. Utilizaram-se vinte cães, sendo dez da raça terrier brasileiro e dez da beagle, machos e fêmeas hígidos. A ecobiometria foi realizada por ultrassonografia em modos A e B sob contenção física. Avaliaram-se o diâmetro axial do olho, a espessura da lente e os comprimentos das câmaras anterior e vítrea. A eletrorretinografia foi realizada de acordo com o protocolo Dog Diagnostic Protocol sob anestesia com propofol. Os dados foram analizados em software HMsERG, onde mensuraram-se as amplitudes e os seus respectivos tempos implícitos. Em ambas as raças estudadas, não se observaram diferenças significativas entre os olhos direito e esquerdo, quanto aos valores mensurados à ecobiometria ocular (p>0,05). Todavia, os valores relativos ao comprimento axial (p=0,023) e a câmara anterior (p=0,01) de cães da raça beagle foram significativamente maiores que os da raça terrier brasileiro. Nos períodos de resposta de adaptação dos bastonetes, não houve diferença estatística entre as raças (p>0,05). Relativamente à resposta mista, embora sem diferença estatística, observou-se que as amplitudes das ondas A (p=0,24) e B (p=0,23) na raça terrier brasileiro, foram respectivamente, 51,78% e 17,30% maiores que na raça beagle. Não houve significância para valores de onda B nas fases fotópticas, entretanto, o tempo implícito na raça beagle foi significativamente maior (p=0,03) na fase clara com luz estroboscópica. Conclui-se que a câmara anterior e o diâmetro axial do bulbo dos olhos de beagles apresentam comprimentos significativamente maiores que os de terrier braileiros. Embora os parâmetros eletrorretinográficos não tenham diferido significativamente entre as... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of the present study were to standardize and compare echobiometric and eletrorretinographic values in the brazilian terrier and beagle breeds. Twenty healthy dogs, being ten brazilians terrier and ten beagles, of both gender, were employed in this study. The echobiometry was accomplished by means of A and B mode ultrassonography under physical restrain. Axial globe length, lens thickness, anterior and vitreous chamber depth were evaluated. Electroretinography was performed using the Dog Diagnostic Protocol under anesthesia with propofol. Eletroretinographic recordings were evaluated with specific software, where the A and B wave amplitudes and their implicit times were measured. Echobiometric values did not change significantly between right and left eyes in both breeds (P>0.05). During rod response data did not change significantly between breeds (P>0.05). On mixed response, statistical difference was not observed, however, A (P=0.24) and B (P=0.23) wave amplitudes were, respectively, 51.78% and 17.30% higher in brazilian terrier breed. During the photoptic period, B wave amplitudes did not change significantly, however the implicit time seen with stroboscopic light was significantly higher (P=0.03) in beagles. It is concluded that anterior chamber depth and axial globe length were significantly higher in beagles than in brasilian terriers. Though, eletroretinographic values did not change significantly between breeds, higher amplitudes and shorter implicit time were seen in brazilian terriers, suggesting that such findings may be related to its smaller eyes / Mestre

Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar a acurácia do exame ultra-sonográfico para indicar o órgão abdominal afetado pelo processo neoplásico, determinar as características ultra-sonográficas dos diferentes tipos neoplásicos que acometem o fígado, os intestinos e o pâncreas, bem como analisar a eficácia da ultra-sonografia bidimensional em apontar a malignidade desses processos neoplásicos. A amostra foi constituída por 114 cães com suspeita de processo neoplásico, e a observação compreendeu um período de 12 meses consecutivos. Em 88 desses animais, a presença de neoplasia abdominal foi confirmada. Em 84 (95,4%) cães, a origem da massa foi corretamente classificada, em 3 (3,5%) foi erroneamente classificada e em 1 (1,1%), a massa não foi identificada pelo exame sonográfico. Os tipos cito-histológicos diagnosticados no fígado foram: colangiocarcinoma 6(50%), carcinoma hepatocelular 3(25,1%), tumor de células mesenquimais?hemangiossarcoma 1(8,3%), linfoma de pequenas células 1(8,3%) e cistoadenoma de vias biliares 1(8,3%). No intestino foram identificados adenocarcinoma 2(25%), linfoma 2(25%), leiomiossarcoma 2(25%), tumor de células mesenquimais 1(12,5%) e adenoma de cólon 1(12,5%). No pâncreas foram diagnosticados: adenocarcinoma pancreático 3(75%) e insulinoma 1(25%). Com relação à diferenciação entre tumores hepáticos malignos e benignos pela ultra-sonografia convencional, 11 casos (100%) foram suspeitos de malignidade e confirmados com o padrão-ouro; contudo, parâmetros suspeitos para malignidade também foram observados em um caso de tumor benigno. Ao analisar a ultra-sonografia na suspeita de tumores nos segmentos intestinais para a diferenciação entre tumores e processo inflamatório, 8 (100%) casos suspeitos para processo neoplásico foram confirmados; todavia, parâmetros suspeitos para processos neoplásicos intestinais também foram observados em 3 casos de enterite inflamatória granulomatosa. Ao analisar a ultra-sonografia na suspeita de tumores pancreáticos exócrinos, foi possível identificar e localizar a massa em sua maioria, mas a diferenciação segura entre processo neoplásico e pancreatite crônica não foi possível. Conclui-se que: o exame sonográfico é um bom método de detecção da origem do processo neoplásico abdominal, e que embora não específicos, o achado sonográfico auxilia na determinação da malignidade do processo. / The purposes of the present study were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in the assessment of abdominal organs due to neoplastic process, to determine the ultrasonographic findings of each tumor type found in the liver, intestines and pancreas, and thereby study the potential contribution of ultrasonography to distinguish benign from malignant lesions. One hundred and fourteen dogs with suspected neoplastic disease were enrolled in this prospective study during 12 consecutive months. 88 dogs were diagnosed as having abdominal neoplasm. In 84(95,4%) dogs the affected organ was correctedly identified, in 3(3,5%) dogs the affected organ was incorrectedly identified and in 1 dog the affected organ wasn?t identified. The tumors types in the liver were: cholangiocarcinoma 6(50%), hepatocellular carcinoma 3(25,1%), mesenchymal hepatic tumor ? hemangiosarcoma 1(8,3%), small cell lymphoma 1(8,3%) and bile duct cystadenoma 1(8,3%). Tumor types in the intestines were: adenocarcinoma 2(25%), lymphoma in alimentary tract 2(25%), leiomyosarcoma 2(25%), mesenchymal cell tumor 1 (12,5%) and colon adenoma 1 (12,5%). In the pancreas were: pancreatic adenocarcinoma 3(75%) and insulinoma 1(25%). Considering ultrasonographic findings alone we could predict malignant lesion in 11(100%) cases, and all cases had proven malignant liver neoplasm. However, one case of benign liver neoplasia was erroneuosly consireded as being malignant . Ultrasonographic findings alone were of important diagnostic value in differentiating intestinal neoplasia from enteritis. Eight (100%) dogs showing ultrasonographic signs of malignancy were confirmed as having malignant intestinal neoplasia, however, the same signs were seen in 3 cases of inflamatory granulomatous enteritis. Pancreatic masses were correctedly identified, but it was not possible to confidently differentiate between pancreatitis and pancreatic neoplasia. We conclude that use ultrasonography is of great value in determining the affected abdominal organ for neoplasic process, and that the sonography findings although not specific, may help in the assessment of malignancy.