Factors which influence severity of moral judgement in men and women were investigated in this study with 94 male and 89 female undergraduate students as participants. Effects of "sex of judge," "sex of transgressor," and "value orientation" variables were examined across five diverse story conditions. A measure of identification was also obtained. As hypothesized, a significant main effect was found for "value orientation," but not for "sex of judge" or "sex of transgressor" variables. The hypothesized disappearance of a "sex of judge" by "sex of transgressor" interaction was found. Hypotheses concerning a permissive trend and the effects of degree of identification were not confirmed.

A entrada, permanência e a conclusão de um curso de graduação requerem muitos esforços para conciliar demandas sociais, acadêmicas e pessoais. Em especial, a área da saúde, pois exige do universitário habilidades voltadas para a humanização das relações do cuidado. A adaptação ou não às novas exigências e situações podem se constituir como fatores de adoecimento para o estudante universitário, oferecendo riscos a sua saúde mental, como por exemplo, o desenvolvimento de depressão, ansiedade e fobia social. Objetivos: caracterizar e comparar dados sociodemográficos e psicossociais de estudantes universitários da área de saúde no que tange a seu repertório de habilidades sociais e saúde mental. Método: participaram da pesquisa 186 estudantes dos cursos de Fonoaudiologia e Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Os instrumentos aplicados foram: Questionário sociodemográfico e psicossocial, Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS), Questionário de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais, Comportamentos e Contextos para Universitários (QHC-U), Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), Versão reduzida do Inventário de Fobia Social Mini Spin. Resultados: na comparação entre os resultados dos indicadores de saúde mental e os indicadores de habilidades sociais, verificou-se que o grupo não clínico (saudável) possui melhor repertório de habilidades sociais, demarcado pelas seguintes habilidades: enfrentamento em situações de risco; auto-afirmação na expressão de sentimentos positivos; auto-exposição a desconhecidos e situações novas; autocontrole da agressividade; comunicação e expressão de opiniões; falar em público. Já o grupo clínico apresentou médias maiores na categoria dificuldades (consequências negativas e sentimentos negativos a emissão de seus comportamentos). Esta pesquisa corrobora com estudos desenvolvidos na área na medida em que apresenta associação e comparação significativa entre presença de um repertório de habilidades sociais bem desenvolvidas como recurso frente às situações de adoecimento mental. Conclusão: este estudo contribui com informações importantes sobre habilidades sociais e indicadores de saúde mental de universitários dos cursos de Fonoaudiologia e Odontologia, evidenciando a importância, para a Universidade, de atentar mais para a saúde mental de seus universitários, implementando medidas e programas que visem o mapeamento, desenvolvimento e perpetuação de habilidades sociais. / The entry, stay and completion of a university degree require many efforts in order to juggle social, academic and personal demands. In particular, the health area demands the student to develop skills related to the humanization of the care relations. The adaptation or not to these experiences and situations can become illness factors for the undergraduate student, posing risks to their mental health, for instance, the development of depression, anxiety and social phobia. Objectives: Characterize and compare sociodemographic and psychosocial data of the health area\'s university students regarding their repertoire of social skills and mental health. Method: the participants were 186 students attending the undergraduate courses of Dentistry and Speech Therapy at the Bauru School of Dentistry. The instruments used were a Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Questionnaire, the Social Skills Inventory (IHS), the Social Skills, Behaviors and Context Assessment Questionnaire for University Students (QHCU), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-Spin). Results: In the comparison between the indicators of social skills and mental health, it was possible to verify the nonclinical group has a better repertory of social skills: coping with risk situations; expression of positive feelings; self-exposure to strangers and new situations; self control and aggression; communication and expressing opinions; speak in public. The clinical group presented higher averages in the \"difficulties\" (negative consequences and negative feelings towards their behavior). This research corroborates with studies developed in this area, presenting association and meaningful comparison between repertoire of well-developed social skills as a resource against mental illness situations. Conclusion: this study provides crucial data about social skills and mental health indicators in \"speech therapy\" and \"dentistry courses\", highlighting the importance for University to attend for the mental health of their students by implementing measures and programs to map, develop and perpetuate the aforementioned social skills.

A entrada, permanência e a conclusão de um curso de graduação requerem muitos esforços para conciliar demandas sociais, acadêmicas e pessoais. Em especial, a área da saúde, pois exige do universitário habilidades voltadas para a humanização das relações do cuidado. A adaptação ou não às novas exigências e situações podem se constituir como fatores de adoecimento para o estudante universitário, oferecendo riscos a sua saúde mental, como por exemplo, o desenvolvimento de depressão, ansiedade e fobia social. Objetivos: caracterizar e comparar dados sociodemográficos e psicossociais de estudantes universitários da área de saúde no que tange a seu repertório de habilidades sociais e saúde mental. Método: participaram da pesquisa 186 estudantes dos cursos de Fonoaudiologia e Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Os instrumentos aplicados foram: Questionário sociodemográfico e psicossocial, Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS), Questionário de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais, Comportamentos e Contextos para Universitários (QHC-U), Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), Versão reduzida do Inventário de Fobia Social Mini Spin. Resultados: na comparação entre os resultados dos indicadores de saúde mental e os indicadores de habilidades sociais, verificou-se que o grupo não clínico (saudável) possui melhor repertório de habilidades sociais, demarcado pelas seguintes habilidades: enfrentamento em situações de risco; auto-afirmação na expressão de sentimentos positivos; auto-exposição a desconhecidos e situações novas; autocontrole da agressividade; comunicação e expressão de opiniões; falar em público. Já o grupo clínico apresentou médias maiores na categoria dificuldades (consequências negativas e sentimentos negativos a emissão de seus comportamentos). Esta pesquisa corrobora com estudos desenvolvidos na área na medida em que apresenta associação e comparação significativa entre presença de um repertório de habilidades sociais bem desenvolvidas como recurso frente às situações de adoecimento mental. Conclusão: este estudo contribui com informações importantes sobre habilidades sociais e indicadores de saúde mental de universitários dos cursos de Fonoaudiologia e Odontologia, evidenciando a importância, para a Universidade, de atentar mais para a saúde mental de seus universitários, implementando medidas e programas que visem o mapeamento, desenvolvimento e perpetuação de habilidades sociais. / The entry, stay and completion of a university degree require many efforts in order to juggle social, academic and personal demands. In particular, the health area demands the student to develop skills related to the humanization of the care relations. The adaptation or not to these experiences and situations can become illness factors for the undergraduate student, posing risks to their mental health, for instance, the development of depression, anxiety and social phobia. Objectives: Characterize and compare sociodemographic and psychosocial data of the health area\'s university students regarding their repertoire of social skills and mental health. Method: the participants were 186 students attending the undergraduate courses of Dentistry and Speech Therapy at the Bauru School of Dentistry. The instruments used were a Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Questionnaire, the Social Skills Inventory (IHS), the Social Skills, Behaviors and Context Assessment Questionnaire for University Students (QHCU), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-Spin). Results: In the comparison between the indicators of social skills and mental health, it was possible to verify the nonclinical group has a better repertory of social skills: coping with risk situations; expression of positive feelings; self-exposure to strangers and new situations; self control and aggression; communication and expressing opinions; speak in public. The clinical group presented higher averages in the \"difficulties\" (negative consequences and negative feelings towards their behavior). This research corroborates with studies developed in this area, presenting association and meaningful comparison between repertoire of well-developed social skills as a resource against mental illness situations. Conclusion: this study provides crucial data about social skills and mental health indicators in \"speech therapy\" and \"dentistry courses\", highlighting the importance for University to attend for the mental health of their students by implementing measures and programs to map, develop and perpetuate the aforementioned social skills.

Thesis (M. A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2018 / Current understandings of mental illness are deeply rooted in a predominantly westernised paradigms of mental health. Constructs such as mental illness have been found to be socially constructed and rooted in historical contexts and informed by cultural and societal influences. Most of the existing research conducted on the knowledge and perceptions of tertiary-educated individuals towards mental illness have been quantitative in nature. The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore the knowledge and perceptions of undergraduates using Social Representation Theory as a theoretical framework. Purposive sampling was utilised to draw a sample of 16 undergraduate students between the ages of 18-25 years, at the University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus). Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) was used to analyse the semi-structured interviews which were used to collect data. The results of this study found that negative views and perceptions existed amongst the sample pertaining to mental illness and the mentally ill. It was also found that participants conceptualisations of mental illness were not wholly western or traditionally African. Participants perceptions were informed through their cultural and social experiences with the mentally ill. Generally, the study pointed towards a greater need for psycho-education on mental illness.

Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

<p>This research study employs a strengths perspective. This means that, instead of the traditional deficits or pathology-based approach of focusing on weaknesses, the focus is on positive outcomes. Fortitude, more specifically, is the strength gained from appraising oneself, one&rsquo / s family, and one&rsquo / s social support, in a positive manner. This strength equips people to cope successfully in stressful situations. Fortitude as a construct in the strengths perspective promises to give insight into student success because it takes more than one level of analysis into account. The current research study investigates whether there is a link between fortitude and academic achievement in first year students at the University of the Western Cape.</p>

<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate plagiarism among undergraduate students at a higher education institution in South Africa. There is evidence from previous studies that plagiarism is increasing world wide among higher education students. The emergence of the Internet has made plagiarizing worse as students can easily copy and paste information from the World Wide Web. This study investigated the occurrence, causes and trends of plagiarism among students in the Faculty of Applied Science at a higher education institution. It also examines student awareness of institutional policies and guidelines regarding plagiarism.</p>

The aim of this study is to investigate undergraduate students&rsquo / scientific inquiry processes in a physics laboratory designed using problem-based learning. Case study, one of the qualitative research methods, was employed for this aim. Sixteen undergraduate students were participated in this study. Participants conducted inquiry activities for five weeks. The data sources were the observations of participants while they were doing inquiry activities and the laboratory work sheets filled by the participants. A framework suggested by Klahr and Dunbar (1988) in Scientific Discovery as Dual Search model was used to gain better understanding of scientific inquiry process. In this framework, inquiry process consist of three phases / hypothesis formation, designing and conducting experiments, and evidence evaluation. The variations on the participants&rsquo / scientific inquiry processes were analyzed and categorized for each phase of inquiry. Participants&rsquo / hypothesis formation processes were categorized based on the nature of sources used by the participants and how these sources were used. The emerging categories were labeled as &ldquo / concept-based hypothesis formation&rdquo / , &ldquo / equation-based hypothesis formation&rdquo / , and &ldquo / context-based hypothesis formation&rdquo / . Participants&rsquo / designing and conducting experiment processes were categorized into two types: &ldquo / Systematic manipulations&rdquo / and &ldquo / unsystematic manipulations&rdquo / . &ldquo / Haphazard manipulation of variables&rdquo / and &ldquo / using two manipulated variable simultaneously&rdquo / were the two different types of observed unsystematic manipulations. Lastly, participants&rsquo / evidence evaluation processes were categorized based on the driving sources: &ldquo / Data-driven evidence evaluation&rdquo / and &ldquo / prior knowledge-driven evidence evaluation&rdquo / . Detailed descriptions of these categories were presented with examples.

Η παρούσα εργασία πραγματεύεται το ζήτημα της διαμόρφωσης της επαγγελματικής ταυτότητας των τελειόφοιτων σπουδαστών του Π.Τ.Δ.Ε. και των εκπαιδευτικών, εκκινώντας από τον επαγγελματισμό που διέπει κάθε επαγγελματικό χώρο. Ειδικότερα, αναλύονται οι παράγοντες εκείνοι, που διαμορφώνουν και επηρεάζουν την επαγγελματική ταυτότητα και εν συνεχεία μέσα από την εμπειρική μελέτη προσπαθούμε να καταγράψουμε τις απόψεις των φοιτητών και των εκπαιδευτικών επί του θέματος. Στο θεωρητικό μέρος γίνεται εκτενής αναφορά στην έννοια του επαγγελματισμού, πάνω στην οποία στηρίζεται το οικοδόμημα των επαγγελματικών ταυτοτήτων. Στην εμπειρική μελέτη, κυρίαρχο ζητούμενο είναι αφενός η διερεύνηση της θέσης των ερωτώμενων πάνω στις έννοιες επαγγελματισμός και επαγγελματική ταυτότητα, αλλά και η αναζήτηση των απόψεών τους στο ερώτημα αν η διαμόρφωση της επαγγελματικής ταυτότητας συντελείται καθ' όλη την επαγγελματική πορεία του εκπαιδευτικού ή αφορά μόνον σε ένα χρονικό διάστημα της καριέρας του. / In this work we discuss the issue of the construction of the professional identity and the concept of professionalism of the student teachers' identities, who study at the Department of Primary Education (University of Patras), and of the teachers, starting from the profissionalism which spans every professional area. Specifically, we analyze those factors that construct adn affect the professional identity and then, using empirical study, we attempt to explore students' and teachers' views. In the theoretical part, we extensively examine the notion of professionalism, in which professional identity is based. In the research part of the thesis, we seek to reveal about the notions of the professionalism and professional identity; moreover, we seek to answer the question if the formation of the professional identity takes place during the whole career or refers to only a period of this career.

<p>This research study employs a strengths perspective. This means that, instead of the traditional deficits or pathology-based approach of focusing on weaknesses, the focus is on positive outcomes. Fortitude, more specifically, is the strength gained from appraising oneself, one&rsquo / s family, and one&rsquo / s social support, in a positive manner. This strength equips people to cope successfully in stressful situations. Fortitude as a construct in the strengths perspective promises to give insight into student success because it takes more than one level of analysis into account. The current research study investigates whether there is a link between fortitude and academic achievement in first year students at the University of the Western Cape.</p>