The thesis deals with the possibilities of employment of persons who face special barriers to entering the labour market. In the theoretical part it introduces a model of the welfare state as a solution to current social issues in most European countries. It refers to the crisis the existing forms of the welfare state is passing through and emphasizes the need for its reform. The the author's initial idea considers cooperation between the state, private profi and non-profit organizations and households in the field of so called third sector. The thesis also presents the theoretical foundations of the labour market functioning, defínes unemployment and provides a list of economic and social consequences of unemployment. In the practical part the author characterizes vulnerable groups in the labour market, names existing forms of support to these groups and offers the concept of social firms as a promising partner for the state government, local authorities and communities and unemployed people in solving their adverse social situation.

Comment les Gaziotes parviennent-il à surmonter les épreuves que leur impose un blocus qui, commencé en 2000, est devenu pratiquement total à partir de 2006 ? Comment expliquer la résilience sociale dont ils ont fait preuve jusqu'à maintenant ? À cette question la thèse d'une chercheuse en sociologie et anthropologie, qui a partagé la vie les Gaziotes pendant plus de dix ans, essaie de répondre. L'analyse est fondée sur des entretiens approfondis auprès d'une population de 120 personnes, sur de nombreuses observations de la vie quotidienne ainsi que sur les résultats de diverses études et rapports sur les conditions de vie à Gaza. La thèse montre qu'il faut chercher l'origine de larésilience dans les ressources que sont, pour les Gaziotes, la solidité de leurs institutions sociales et la référence à une histoire partagée. Au-delà du cas de Gaza, ce travail représente une contribution à une réflexion sur ce qui peut permettre aux sociétés comme aux individus, de surmonter les crises. / How to explain the social resilience evidenced by Gazans notwithstanding the challenges imposed by what began as a partial blockade in the year 2000 to become a practically unmitigated situation since the year 2006? Having shared the daily life of Gaza for over ten years, a researcher in sociology and anthropology tries to answer the question. This thesis is the result of the analysis of in-depth interviews of a population of circa 120 individuals , men and women, coupled by immersion in the daily life and availing herself of numerous and diverse reports and studies on the condition of life in Gaza. The researcher concludes that one has to probe for the origin of this resilience in the resources that constitute for the Gazans the solidity of their social institutions and the reference to a shared history.Beyond the Gaza case, this work is a contribution to an analysis of what may allow societies and individuals that conform them to overcome crisis.

Orientadores: Ricardo Luiz Coltro Antunes, Andréia Galvão / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T16:17:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amorim_ElaineReginaAguiar_D.pdf: 2066510 bytes, checksum: 07372103b0b3ef29bbab3ea5a1ea3e6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta tese de doutorado discute a emergência dos movimentos de desempregados na Argentina e sua relação com a consolidação do neoliberalismo no país. O objetivo da pesquisa é entender como estes movimentos se constituíram e se desenvolveram diante dos impactos produzidos pelas políticas neoliberais sobre a classe trabalhadora, como também frente à aplicação de políticas sociais destinadas aos desempregados. Para isso, analisamos duas experiências de mobilização - particularmente o Movimiento Teresa Rodríguez (MTR) e a Federación de Tierra, Vivienda y Hábitat (FTV) - a partir das quais discutimos as especificidades de cada uma dessas organizações quanto às bandeiras de luta, à relação com o governo e às políticas sociais no período de 1996 a 2007. Fundamentamos nossa análise na leitura da bibliografia especializada, na consulta de documentos e nas entrevistas baseadas em roteiros semi-estruturados realizadas com os principais dirigentes nacionais e quadros intermediários desses movimentos / Abstract: This doctoral thesis discusses the emergence of movements of unemployed in Argentina and its relationship with the consolidation of neoliberalism in the country. The objective of the research consisted in understanding how these movements are formed and developed before the impact of the neoliberal policies on the working class, as well as before the application of social policies intended for the unemployed. In order to do this, we analyzed two experiences of mobilization - particularly the Movimiento Teresa Rodríguez (MTR) and the Federación de Tierra, Vivienda y Hábitat (FTV) - from which we discussed the specificities of each of these organizations regarding banners of their struggle, the relationship with the government and to social policies in the period 1996 to 2007. We based our analysis on specialized bibliography, in the documents and interviews based on semistructured scripts carried out with the main national leaders and intermediaries ones of these movements / Doutorado / Trabalho, Cultura e Ambiente / Doutor em Sociologia

Orientador: Liliana Rolfsen Petrilli Segnini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T05:14:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Batista_EraldoLeme_M.pdf: 643176 bytes, checksum: 60c1d14b0edacb292f48e4a81228433d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho e suas contradições priorizando a análise do processo produtivo brasileiro. Refletiremos também sobre as implicações que estas mudanças acarretaram para o conjunto dos trabalhadores, principalmente os terceirizados. Enfocaremos o crescimento do processo de terceirização como um dos principais responsáveis pelas relações precárias de trabalho, como nos informam as análises de pesquisas, estudos e reflexões acadêmicas. Este processo intensifica-se no Brasil, principalmente após implementação de processos de reestruturação produtiva verificados em diversos setores da produção capitalista nacional, acompanhando processo internacional de mudanças / Abstract: The objective of this research is to analyze the changes in the labor market and its contradictions, specifically the brazilian productive process. The implications that this changes cause to the workers, mainly the outsourcing workers, will be reflected on this research. Our focus is the growth of outsourcing process as one of the responsible by precarious work relations, like research analyses, studies and academic reflections inform us. This process have been intensified in Brazil, mainly after the productive restructuring implement verified in different sectors of the national capitalist production, keeping up with international changing process / Mestrado / Mestre em Educação

The thesis topic is the role of the non-profit sector in the field of unemployment solutions. The first part relates the consequences of unemployment and non-profit activities and highlights their importance in mitigating the effects of unemployment. This part also points out impact of non-profit organizations to increase employment and employability. In the next chapter, using examples from practice outlines the possibilities of cooperation between the NGOs and public administration. The third part focuses on statistical data on unemployment in the Czech Republic and then in more detail in the Vysočina Region. The final section describes in detail activities of NGO Fokus Vysočina and also several other examples of activities of social enterprises in the Vysočina Region. The conclusion summarizes the results and gives recommendations for further improvement.

Thesis (M. Sc. (Statistics)) --University of Limpopo, 2017. / South Africa is one of the countries with chronic high unemployment rate. The unemployment rate has consistently been above 24% for a considerable period of time. It is important for policy and decision makers to know the type of persons who are unemployed, and underemployed in order to come up with the right intervention. The purpose of this study was to find and describe the determinants of unemployment, underemployment, and earnings in South Africa. In order to realize the objectives of the study, secondary data from 2012 Quarterly Labour Force Survey was used. Statistics South Africa collects labour market related information from persons between the age of 15 and 64. The data have information on status of unemployment, underemployment and earnings and other related to variables. Logistic regression was applied on the data and it was found that age, gender, population group, marital status, level of education, and province were significant determinants of unemployment in South Africa. Gender, population group, sector, marital status and contract duration were found to be significantly associated with time-related underemployment. Generalised linear model was applied on the data and it was found that gender, population group, marital status, level of education contract duration, geographical location, and sector were the determinants of earnings.

This study investigates changes in rates of property crime in the United States from 1958 to 1993. Predictor variables include changes in rates of economic factors (inflation, technological/cyclical/frictional unemployment), arrest rates for property crimes disaggregated by race (ARPCDR), interaction of ARPCDR and technological unemployment, alcohol offenses, interaction of alcohol offenses and poverty, drug abuse violations, and interaction of drug abuse violations and poverty. Changes in poverty, population growth, and police presence are employed as control variables. The Beach-McKinnon Full Maximum- Likelihood EGLS AR1 Method (accompanied by residual analysis) is used to test seven hypotheses. Significant positive effects upon changes in aggregate property crime rates are found for five predictors: (a) inflation, (b) cyclical unemployment, (c) frictional unemployment, (d) the interaction of white arrest rates and technological unemployment, and (e) the interaction of rates of alcohol offenses and poverty. To explain changes in property crime rates, further research should decompose aggregate rates particularly those pertaining to the economy. Also, the relationship between the interaction of poverty and drug abuse violations, at the aggregate level, and changes in property crime rates should be clarified. This research has important policy implications related to the impact of social, economic, and educational issues on mainstream society and its criminal elements. Law makers should consider this type of research in all macro and micro-oriented policies.

This thesis „Corporate Responsibility as a Form of Streamlining the Job Market“ aims to bring near the currently debated koncept of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). This problem is analyzed especially in terms of principles on lebour market working. This work also deals with a question of how (or if any) it is possible to improve the effectiveness of job market on on the basis of CSR.

The diploma thesis "From Self-Selection to System Selection: Czech Vocational Education in Captivity of the Labor Market" responds to current efforts to divert some students from graduation due to the unification of entrance and final examinations and stricter admission conditions, in a system that is characterized by a high relationship between social background and education, which also tends to strengthen. The thesis aims to identify and describe the main selective mechanisms and institutional barriers of the Czech education system through secondary data analysis, as a result of which students are systematically allocated to secondary vocational schools and subsequently to specific positions in the labour market, which are associated with economic and social instability. The main mechanisms identified by this paper are the distribution of educational opportunities through the differentiation of educational paths accompanied by young age selection of pupils, the associated emphasis on personal responsibility in choosing an educational path, which is highly determined due to conditionality by social origin, and the concept of entrance and final exams as high-stakes of standardized testing, which represents an insurmountable mental and factual barrier for pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds. The...

Les modèles de recherche d'emploi sont aujourd'hui très largement utilisés en économie pour modéliser le marché du travail et évaluer les effets de certaines politiques publiques sur ce marché. Dans cette thèse, nous introduisons l'âge des travailleurs, dans ses deux dimensions, celle de l'expérience et celle de l'horizon social (âge de départ à la retraite), au sein d'un modèle de recherche d'emploi modélisant en même temps la distribution des salaires et les flux sur le marché du travail. Nous montrons que cette hétérogénéité affecte tous les comportements sur le marché du travail : la fixation de salaire, l'intensité de la recherche d'emploi et la productivité des appariements. Un tel modèle nous permet de décomposer la trajectoire salariale des travailleurs au cours de leur cycle de vie, en trois grands canaux : le jeu de salaire, l'accumulation du capital humain, et la présence d'institutions. Ce dernier canal explique notamment, par le biais des allocations chômage indexées sur le dernier salaire, la forte progression salariale associée à un faible taux de mobilité des travailleurs observé en France. Mais l'horizon peut aussi être technologique : la technologie d'une firme devient avec le temps obsolète. Dans ce cadre, nous montrons que la présence d'allocation chômage croissante avec l'ancienneté crée une distorsion croissante qui vient accélérer cette obsolescence. En vue d'atteindre l'optimum social, nous montrons qu'il est alors nécessaire d'introduire une taxe sur les licenciements, elle-même croissante. / In economics, it is today usual to use search models to modelize labor market, and assess public policy on this market. In this thesis, we introduce the age heterogeneity of workers in a search model which takes into account both labor market flows and endogenous wage distribution. We show that this heterogeneity affects greatly agents' economic behaviors in terms of wage setting, search intensity, and matches' productivity, by its two dimensions, the workers' experience and the workers' horizon. This model allows us to decompose the wage trajectory of workers over their life cycle into three main channels : the wage game, the human capital accumulation and the presence of institutions. Besides, we show that this last channel, as composed of unemployment benefits indexed on workers' last wage, accounts for the simultaneous strong wage progression and weak workers' mobility observed in the French data. Yet, the horizon can also be technological : firms' embodied technology becomes obsolete with time. Given this technological horizon, the presence of tenure-growing unemployement benefits yields a distorsion which fastens obsolescence. In this context, only a tenure-growing firing tax allows the economy to reach its social optimum.