Unemployment in Austria has been considerably low in the past decades compared to other European countries. Nevertheless, recent increases in the past five years started a controversial discussion about the generous unemployment insurance system in place. The current government, therefore, argues to change the insurance system similar to the German HARTZ IV reform, although the effects on unemployment have proven to be ambiguous in Germany. I introduce a discrete time life-cycle model with endogenous job-search effort to inquire the potential effects of such a reform on long- and short-term unemployment, as well as individuals' job-search incentives. Individuals are ex-ante heterogeneous in their labour income possibilities and are subject to exogenous layoffs throughout their life. The model suggests that the proposed reform would reduce long-term unemployment substantially, however, to the cost of a larger amount of short-term unemployment spells and decreased overall welfare. Job-search effort over the whole life-cycle appears to increase, with the largest differences at the end of the life-cycle.

A presente tese de doutorado estuda duas questões referentes ao programa brasileiro de Seguro Desemprego: o impacto do benefício sobre o salário de reinserção dos trabalhadores beneficiados, bem como sobre o tempo de procura por emprego. No primeiro ensaio são apresentados alguns fatos estilizados referente ao problema de pesquisa, entre os quais destacam-se: i) Descrição Jurídica e os principais objetivos do Programa brasileiro de Seguro Desemprego; ii) O Status Quo do Programa Seguro Desemprego; iii) O Perfil do Trabalhador Beneficiado pelo Programa; iv) Salário de reinserção de trabalhadores contemplados e não contemplados pelo programa (2006-2009) com tempo de permanência no trabalho anterior entre um mês e onze meses; e v) Procura por emprego de trabalhadores contemplados e não contemplados pelo programa (2006-2010) com tempo de permanência no trabalho anterior entre um mês e onze meses. No segundo ensaio, avalia-se o impacto do benefício Seguro Desemprego sobre o salário de reinserção de seu público alvo, utilizando-se as Teorias de Job Search e do Capital Humano. Na estratégia empírica, utilizaram-se informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio - PNAD no período de 2006 a 2009, bem como o método de regressão com descontinuidade. Os resultados indicaram que para o período avaliado, o programa de Seguro Desemprego vai de encontro com as teorias, visto que não se mostrou estatisticamente significativo para influenciar o salário de reinserção dos beneficiados. No terceiro ensaio, destaca-se o impacto do benefício sobre o tempo de procura por trabalho, utilizando-se como referenciais teóricos os modelos de assimetria de informação, mais especificamente o modelo de Moral Hazard. Para análise empírica da presença do risco moral no programa, foram utilizadas informações da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego - PED, no período de 2006 a 2010, e as estimativas baseadas no método de regressão com descontinuidade. Os resultados indicaram que o programa Seguro Desemprego influenciou a procura por emprego dos trabalhadores chefes de família e também dos considerados filhos. Portanto, no período avaliado, constata-se que a procura por trabalho foi realizada de modo menos intensivo pelos chefes de família e jovens que receberam o benefício, e pela inexistência de instrumentos de controle da procura por emprego por parte do Governo, a presença do risco moral acabou configurando-se no grupo de trabalhadores avaliados. / This doctoral thesis studies two issues of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance program: the impact of the benefit on the reemployment wage of beneficiaries, as well as, job search time for reemployment. In the first test, some stylized facts regarding the research problem are presented, among which we highlight: i) Legal description and key objectives of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance program; ii) The Status Quo of the Unemployment Insurance program; iii) Profile of the workers who benefit through the program; iv) Reemployment wage of workers, covered and not covered by the (2006-2009) program, who worked between one and eleven months in their previous job; and v) job search of workers, covered and not covered by the (2006-2010) program. The second test assesses the impact of the Unemployment Insurance benefit on the reemployment wage, using the Job Search and Human Capital theories. In the empirical strategies, the National Survey by Household Sampling – (PNAD) information, during the 2006 to 2009 period was used plus the regression discontinuity method. The results indicated that, for the evaluated period, the Unemployment Insurance program meets the theories, since it was not statistically significant in influencing the beneficiaries’ reemployment wage benefit. The third test highlights the impact of the benefit on job hunting time, using as theoretical reference the information asymmetry model, more specifically the Moral Hazard model. For the empirical analysis of the presence of moral hazard in the program, we used information from the Job and Unemployment Research (PED), during the 2006-2010 period and estimates were based on the regression discontinuity method. The results indicated that the Unemployment Insurance program influenced the search for work or job hunting of household heads and, also those considered children. Therefore, it is noted that the demand for work during the evaluated period, was performed in a less intensive manner by family heads and young people who receive the benefit and, given the absence of Government job search control methods, the presence of moral hazard eventually settled on the Group of workers assessed.

nÃo hà / Este estudo investigou a implantaÃÃo e atuaÃÃo do Sistema de Monitoramento e AvaliaÃÃo do Programa Seguro-Desemprego na geraÃÃo de informaÃÃes articuladas com a gestÃo do programa. Sabe-se que a avaliaÃÃo sistemÃtica, contÃnua e eficaz surge como ferramenta gerencial poderosa, fornecendo aos formuladores de polÃticas pÃblicas e aos gestores de programas condiÃÃes para aumentar a eficiÃncia e a efetividade dos recursos aplicados em aÃÃes sociais. Todavia, faz-se necessÃrio avanÃar na teorizaÃÃo da prÃtica e buscar os consensos necessÃrios à constituiÃÃo de um encadeamento lÃgico do programa, que leve à elaboraÃÃo de instrumentos e procedimentos de mensuraÃÃo e observaÃÃo das suas atividades, resultados e impactos. Este estudo traz o seu mÃrito jà em sua concepÃÃo, pois percebeu que a Universidade, por meio da pesquisa, em termos prÃticos, pode e deve contribuir para aumentar a produtividade e a efetividade das organizaÃÃes governamentais e disponibilizar ferramentas, modelos e metodologias que sirvam de referÃncia para a melhoria da gestÃo pÃblica. O trabalho analisou, passo a passo, a construÃÃo do Sistema de Monitoramento e AvaliaÃÃo do Programa Seguro-Desemprego; inicialmente, abordando o contexto no qual se construiu o sistema, as condiÃÃes para sua implantaÃÃo, bem como verificando as concepÃÃes de AvaliaÃÃo e Monitoramento adotadas. Depois, descrevendo o modo como foi feita a estruturaÃÃo da base de dados, a construÃÃo de indicadores e o desenvolvimento das ferramentas informacionais. O ineditismo do trabalho à assegurado em dois sentidos: primeiro, na intenÃÃo de registrar, analisar criticamente e discutir um trabalho de pesquisa avaliativa feito pela prÃpria Universidade. Segundo, porque promoveu uma investigaÃÃo acadÃmica interligada com um projeto de parceria existente entre a Universidade e a AdministraÃÃo PÃblica, que se encontra ainda em desenvolvimento. No campo metodolÃgico, utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa, empregando-se a tÃcnica de estudo de caso, valendo-se ainda da pesquisa bibliogrÃfica e documental para o embasamento teÃrico e exploraÃÃo do tema. No referencial teÃrico, para tratar acerca da avaliaÃÃo de programas pÃblicos e do Programa do Seguro-Desemprego, contou-se com as contribuiÃÃes de autores como: Arretche (2003); Belloni (2000); Chahad (1986, 2002); Cohen e Franco (2012); Cotta (1998); Jannuzzi (2014); Rua (2007); Santos (2012); Secchi (2010); Silva (2000); Talmage (1982); Weiss (1982a, 1982b); Worthen, Sanders e Fitzpatrick (2004); Zylberstajn e Balbinotto (2000), dentre outros. No arcabouÃo teÃrico, o trabalho teceu consideraÃÃes acerca da evoluÃÃo da avaliaÃÃo de programas, tratou dos aspectos histÃricos, legais e contextuais do Programa Seguro-Desemprego e caracterizou o Sistema de Monitoramento e AvaliaÃÃo do referido programa, que està sendo desenvolvido com o apoio tÃcnico da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. Para a discussÃo e anÃlise dos dados, foi adotado o mÃtodo da anÃlise de conteÃdo (BARDIN, 2011). A anÃlise dos dados refere-se Ãs etapas de implantaÃÃo e atuaÃÃo do Sistema de Monitoramento e AvaliaÃÃo no perÃodo de 2012 a 2014. As principais conclusÃes apontam para a perspectiva de que o Sistema de Monitoramento e AvaliaÃÃo do Programa Seguro-Desemprego, uma vez que contribui para o processo decisÃrio e para o aprimoramento das dimensÃes tÃcnicas, administrativas e polÃticas, passe a ser definido como instrumento institucional e adequado para agregar conhecimento e aperfeiÃoar o programa, bem como para redirecionar seus objetivos, quando necessÃrio, ou mesmo para reformular suas propostas e atividades. / This study investigated the implementation and performance of the Monitoring and Evaluation System â SMA of Unemployment Insurance Program â PSD in information developing articulated with the program management. It is known that the systematic, continuous and effective assessment emerges as a powerful management tool, providing to public political makers and program managers conditions to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the resources invested in social actions. However, it is necessary to advance in theorization of the practice and seek the necessary consensus to establishment of a logical sequence of the program which leads to the development of instruments and measurement procedures and observe their activities, results and impacts. This study already brings its merit in its conception because it realized that the University, through research and in practical terms, can and should contribute to increase the productivity and effectiveness of government organizations and provide tools, models and methodologies to serve as reference to the improvement of public administration. The work analyzed, step by step, the construction of SMA of PSD, initially, dealing with the context in which the system was built, the conditions for its implementation, as well as checking the concepts of Monitoring and Evaluation adopted. After, describing how the structure of the database was made, building indicators and the development of information tools. The originality of the work is handled in two ways: first, intention to record, analyze critically and discuss an evaluate research work done by the University. Second, because it promoted academic research connected with an existing partnership project between the University and the Public Administration, which is still in development. In the methodological field, it was done a qualitative approach, using the case study technique, making use also of bibliographic and documentary research to the theoretical background and exploration of the theme. In the theoretical referential to deal with on the assessment of public programs and the Unemployment Insurance Program, included contributions from authors such as: Arretche (2003); Belloni (2000); Chahad (1986, 2002); Cohen and Franco (2012); Cotta (1998); Jannuzzi (2014); Street (2007); Santos (2012); Secchi (2010); Silva (2000); Talmage (1982); Weiss (1982a, 1982b); Worthen, Sanders and Fitzpatrick (2004); Zylberstajn and Balbinotto (2000), among others. In the theoretical reference, the study made comments about the development of program evaluation, has dealt historical, legal and contextual aspects of the PSD and the PSD characterized the SMA, which is being developed with technical support from Federal University of CearÃ. For a discussion and analysis of data, it was adopted the method of content analysis (BARDIN, 2011). Data analysis refers to SMA performing and establishing steps in the period 2012 to 2014. The main conclusions point to the prospect that the Monitoring System and PSD evaluation contribute to the decision making process and the improvement of technical, administrative and political dimensions will be defined as an institutional instrument and appropriate to add knowledge and improve the program, as well as redirect its goals, when necessary or even to reformulate its proposal and activities.

A presente tese de doutorado estuda duas questões referentes ao programa brasileiro de Seguro Desemprego: o impacto do benefício sobre o salário de reinserção dos trabalhadores beneficiados, bem como sobre o tempo de procura por emprego. No primeiro ensaio são apresentados alguns fatos estilizados referente ao problema de pesquisa, entre os quais destacam-se: i) Descrição Jurídica e os principais objetivos do Programa brasileiro de Seguro Desemprego; ii) O Status Quo do Programa Seguro Desemprego; iii) O Perfil do Trabalhador Beneficiado pelo Programa; iv) Salário de reinserção de trabalhadores contemplados e não contemplados pelo programa (2006-2009) com tempo de permanência no trabalho anterior entre um mês e onze meses; e v) Procura por emprego de trabalhadores contemplados e não contemplados pelo programa (2006-2010) com tempo de permanência no trabalho anterior entre um mês e onze meses. No segundo ensaio, avalia-se o impacto do benefício Seguro Desemprego sobre o salário de reinserção de seu público alvo, utilizando-se as Teorias de Job Search e do Capital Humano. Na estratégia empírica, utilizaram-se informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio - PNAD no período de 2006 a 2009, bem como o método de regressão com descontinuidade. Os resultados indicaram que para o período avaliado, o programa de Seguro Desemprego vai de encontro com as teorias, visto que não se mostrou estatisticamente significativo para influenciar o salário de reinserção dos beneficiados. No terceiro ensaio, destaca-se o impacto do benefício sobre o tempo de procura por trabalho, utilizando-se como referenciais teóricos os modelos de assimetria de informação, mais especificamente o modelo de Moral Hazard. Para análise empírica da presença do risco moral no programa, foram utilizadas informações da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego - PED, no período de 2006 a 2010, e as estimativas baseadas no método de regressão com descontinuidade. Os resultados indicaram que o programa Seguro Desemprego influenciou a procura por emprego dos trabalhadores chefes de família e também dos considerados filhos. Portanto, no período avaliado, constata-se que a procura por trabalho foi realizada de modo menos intensivo pelos chefes de família e jovens que receberam o benefício, e pela inexistência de instrumentos de controle da procura por emprego por parte do Governo, a presença do risco moral acabou configurando-se no grupo de trabalhadores avaliados. / This doctoral thesis studies two issues of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance program: the impact of the benefit on the reemployment wage of beneficiaries, as well as, job search time for reemployment. In the first test, some stylized facts regarding the research problem are presented, among which we highlight: i) Legal description and key objectives of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance program; ii) The Status Quo of the Unemployment Insurance program; iii) Profile of the workers who benefit through the program; iv) Reemployment wage of workers, covered and not covered by the (2006-2009) program, who worked between one and eleven months in their previous job; and v) job search of workers, covered and not covered by the (2006-2010) program. The second test assesses the impact of the Unemployment Insurance benefit on the reemployment wage, using the Job Search and Human Capital theories. In the empirical strategies, the National Survey by Household Sampling – (PNAD) information, during the 2006 to 2009 period was used plus the regression discontinuity method. The results indicated that, for the evaluated period, the Unemployment Insurance program meets the theories, since it was not statistically significant in influencing the beneficiaries’ reemployment wage benefit. The third test highlights the impact of the benefit on job hunting time, using as theoretical reference the information asymmetry model, more specifically the Moral Hazard model. For the empirical analysis of the presence of moral hazard in the program, we used information from the Job and Unemployment Research (PED), during the 2006-2010 period and estimates were based on the regression discontinuity method. The results indicated that the Unemployment Insurance program influenced the search for work or job hunting of household heads and, also those considered children. Therefore, it is noted that the demand for work during the evaluated period, was performed in a less intensive manner by family heads and young people who receive the benefit and, given the absence of Government job search control methods, the presence of moral hazard eventually settled on the Group of workers assessed.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-06-30T15:57:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Helane Cristina Lima Moreira.pdf: 4390445 bytes, checksum: 12b7d9a83c990e666cd9b1ed44585364 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-30T19:39:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Helane Cristina Lima Moreira.pdf: 4390445 bytes, checksum: 12b7d9a83c990e666cd9b1ed44585364 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-30T19:45:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Helane Cristina Lima Moreira.pdf: 4390445 bytes, checksum: 12b7d9a83c990e666cd9b1ed44585364 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-30T19:45:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Helane Cristina Lima Moreira.pdf: 4390445 bytes, checksum: 12b7d9a83c990e666cd9b1ed44585364 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-01 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / This study aims to examine the policy of insurance closures and strategies of social reproduction of the mode of life of fishermen of the town of Cai n‟ Água , in the Paraná Manaquiri , Manaquiri municipality , the state of Amazonas . Therefore, it was necessary to identify the historical process of creating a secure closure as public policy in the fisheries sector , highlighting how this policy has been effecting the context of fishing in the Amazon ; Identify the strategies of social reproduction of the livelihoods of fishermen , observing influences insurance closed this way of life and to analyze the effectiveness of the policy of closure , since it proposes environmental protection - the fish and the social and material reproduction of the fisherman. It was concluded that , for the residents of that locality, unemployment insurance fisherman's craft contributes to the maintenance of the families at the time of closure , but it is necessary that measures are adopted for educational and informational purposes to guide recipients as to the real purpose of this period where fishing is prohibited , otherwise the benefit takes only one profile and welfare loses its main objective, the conservation of the species . / O presente estudo objetiva analisar a política do seguro defeso e as estratégias de reprodução social do modo de vida dos pescadores artesanais da localidade do Cai n‘Água, no Paraná do Manaquiri, município de Manaquiri, interior do Estado do Amazonas. Para tanto, foi necessário identificar o processo histórico de criação do seguro defeso como política pública no setor pesqueiro, destacando como essa política vem se efetivando no contexto da pesca na Amazônia; Identificar as estratégias de reprodução social do modo de vida dos pescadores artesanais, observando as influências do seguro defeso nesse modo de vida e analisar a efetividade da política do defeso, uma vez que esta propõe a defesa do ambiente - o peixe e a reprodução social e material do pescador. Concluiu-se que, para os moradores daquela localidade, o seguro desemprego do pescador artesanal contribui para a manutenção das famílias no período do defeso, porém é necessário que sejam adotadas medidas de caráter informativo e educativo para orientar os beneficiários quanto à real finalidade deste período em que a pesca é proibida, caso contrário o benefício assume apenas um perfil assistencialista e perde seu objetivo principal, a conservação das espécies.

Income support programs constitute an integral component of modern labour markets and represent significant fiscal commitments on the part of governments. This thesis examines two key income support programs in Canada and their impact on labour market outcomes, namely employment insurance (EI) and social assistance (SA). Together expenditures on EI and SA represented approximately 2 per cent of Canadian GDP in 1998-99 and influenced a range of labour market decisions relating to labour force participation, employment and unemployment spells. The analysis in this thesis provides new evidence on the role of the EI and SA programs on labour market outcomes by examining the interface between the programs and labour market behaviour. An analysis of the take-up of SA amongst a sample of SA eligible individuals is also undertaken that provides new evidence on the determinants of participation in the SA program in Canada. The analysis in this thesis uses the 1997 Canadian Out of Employment Panel dataset, a unique dataset that provides detailed information on the use of income support programs and employment patterns, and detailed information on a rich set of personal and household characteristics. The approach adopted in this thesis is to use a generalized probability transition model to examine the nature of the interface between income support programs and their effect on labour market outcomes. This approach allows the implications of changes in either program for use of the other program, and overall labour market outcomes, to be identified. The analysis of the SA take-up decision uses a discrete choice framework that explicitly takes account of the potential endogeneity of benefit levels available to the individual. A number of conclusions can be drawn from the analysis undertaken in this thesis. First, when the generosity of the SA program is reduced, individuals decrease use of both the SA and EI programs. Conversely, reducing the generosity of the EI program results in an increase in the use, albeit relatively small, of the SA program. The results of the analysis of the take-up decision of the SA program point to the key role of benefit levels and previous use of the program as determinants of the likelihood that an individual takes up SA. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

Countries with unemployment insurance (UI) program can effectively conduct a labor market policy and observe the flow of unemployed-employed. But should we just hand UI over to anyone who has no job? Do individual response to the program in terms of their decision to work or to enjoy more leisure unanimously the same across leisure type characteristic individuals? In a heterogeneous constructed labor search market we derive that introduction of the UI program increases the wage gap between the different individuals when the program impacts the productivity of firm positively. In an empirical investigation of the impact of unemployment benefits on the duration of unemployment using a job search model, we specify a distribution of duration of unemployment that we estimate using maximum likelihood estimation and find that there is in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY 97) there are 3 types of individuals and the type of leisure individuals present an adverse response to the program: An increase in UI for the highest leisure type leads to a longer duration of unemployment. Whereas the lowest values of leisure do not tend to have an extended duration of unemployment from a positive change in UI. Finally, the response for the type 2 individuals is completely ambiguous as it could either see them having a prolonged duration of unemployment or a shortened period with no work. So a selective increase in unemployment insurance to those with a relatively low value of leisure may decrease the equilibrium rate of unemployment. The second part of the dissertation focuses on modeling money demand and shocks in Cote D'Ivoire for the period of 1960-2009. Unlike Drama and Yao (2010) our result suggests M1 is not in a long-run equilibrium with its determinants real income and expected inflation and therefore unstable. However, the broad definition M2 is cointegrated with its long-run determinants and it is therefore the most appropriate definition of money for the Cote D'Ivoire economy. As a consequence M2 can be used as an alternative to the interest rate as a long run monetary policy instrument.

This paper examines how a reduction in EPL affects the utility of older workers, by changing the probability of re-employment as well as the risk of becoming unemployed. I generalize the Bailey-Chetty framework and make a one-period model that shows maximizing search behavior of the agent. With data from previous studies, and Swedish authorities, the model is calibrated. The results show predominant negative welfare effects. When the re-employment probability increases more than the risk of becoming unemployed decreases, one will need to increase the compensation less compared to when the risk of becoming unemployed increases more than the re-employment probability. The result also exclusively shows that the current social security fund is too generous and had to be reduced to reach an optimal level. On the other hand, the social security fund is more optimal when the probability of re-employment increases more than the risk of becoming unemployed. Furthermore, the results show that younger workers have a worse welfare from the unemployment insurance fund compared to older workers.

No description available.

The Swedish welfare state is often conceived as a universal and encompassing welfare state. However, research has shown significant contractions of coverage and benefit levels in several Swedish welfare programs in the last 20 years. One such program is the unemployment insurance. The development has led to occupational insurance through collective agreements and income insurance provided through the unions to become increasingly important for individuals’ income protection in times of unemployment. While previous research has tended to focus on the public welfare provision of unemployment insurance, this thesis seeks to make an empirical and methodological contribution to the study of social policy by investigating the development of complementary unemployment insurance plans and the potential differences it creates in the level and affordability of income protection for different groups of workers. The study is conducted by modeling a set of stylized workers facing different income levels and risk of unemployment to calculate the degree to which the different insurance plans replace former income and the cost of that income protection. The analysis shows that the development of complementary insurance plans has led to differences in the level of income protection due to declining generosity of the public system, which in recent years, however, has to some extent been restored. Moreover, the result suggests that unemployment risk becomes an important factor for the level of income protection and the cost of insurance, especially for workers with lower wage levels with similar risks and for longer durations of unemployment.