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Soit k un corps quelconque. Dans cette th±se, on étudie le groupe de Picard des k-groupes algébriques unipotents (lisses et connexes).Tout k-groupe algébrique unipotent est extension itérée de formes du groupe additif; on va donc d'abord s'intéresser au groupe de Picard des formes du groupe additif. L'étude de ce groupe est faite avec une méthode géométrique qui permet de traiter le cas plus général des formes de la droite affine. On obtient ainsi une borne explicite sur la torsion du groupe de Picard desformes de la droite affine et sur la torsion de la composante neutre du foncteur de Picard de leur complétion régulière. De plus, on trouve une condition suffisante pour que le groupe de Picard d'une forme de la droite affinesoit non trivial et on construit des exemples de formes non triviales de la droite affine dont le groupe de Picard est trivial.Un k-groupe algébrique unipotent est une forme de l'espace affine. Afin d'étudier le groupe de Picard d'une forme X de l'espace affine avec une méthode géométrique, on définit un foncteur de Picard "restreint". On montre que si X admet une complétion régulière, alors le foncteur de Picard "restreint" est représentable par un k-groupe unipotent (lisse, non nécessairement connexe).Avec ce foncteur de Picard "restreint" et des raisonnements purement géométriques, on obtient que le groupe de Picard d'une forme unirationnelle de l'espace affine est fini. De plus, on généralise un résultat dû à B. Totaro: si k est séparablement clos, et si le groupe de Picard d'un k-groupe algébrique unipotent commutatif est non trivial, alors il admet une extension non triviale par le groupe multiplicatif. / Let k be any field. In this Ph.D. dissertation we study the Picard group of the (smooth connected) unipotent k-algebraic groups.As every unipotent algebraic group is an iterated extension of forms of the additive group, we will study the Picard group of the forms of the additive group. In fact we study the Picard group of forms of the additive group and the affine line simultaneously using a geometric method. We obtain anexplicit upper bound on the torsion of the Picard group of the forms of the affine line and their regular completion, and a sufficient condition for the Picard group of a form of the affine line to be nontrivial. We also give examples of nontrivial forms of the affine line with trivial Picard groups.In general, a unipotent k-algebraic group is a form of the affine n-space. In order to study the Picard group of a form X of the affine n-space with a geometric method, we define a "restricted" Picard functor; we show that if X admits a regular completion then the "restricted" Picard functor is representable by a unipotent k-algebraic group (smooth, not necessarly connected). With this "restricted" Picard functor and geometric arguments we show that the Picard group of a unirational form of the affine n-space is finite. Moreover we generalise a result of B. Totaro: if k is separablyclosed and if the Picard group of a unipotent k-algebraic group is nontrivial then it admits a nontrivial extension by the multiplicative group.

Thesis advisor: Solomon Friedberg / Kazhdan and Patterson constructed generalized theta representations on covers of general linear groups as multi-residues of the Borel Eisenstein series. For the double covers, these representations and their (degenerate-type) unique models were used by Bump and Ginzburg in the Rankin-Selberg constructions of the symmetric square L-functions for GL(r). In this thesis, we study two other types of models that the theta representations may support. We first discuss semi-Whittaker models, which generalize the models used in the work of Bump and Ginzburg. Secondly, we determine the unipotent orbits attached to theta functions, in the sense of Ginzburg. We also determine the covers for which these models are unique. We also describe briefly some applications of these unique models in Rankin-Selberg integrals for covering groups. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Mathematics.

Thesis advisor: Solomon Friedberg / We study the generalized theta lifting between the double covers of split special orthogonal groups, which uses the non-minimal theta representations constructed by Bump, Friedberg and Ginzburg. We focus on the theta liftings of non-generic representations and make a conjecture that gives an upper bound of the first non-zero occurrence of the liftings, depending only on the unipotent orbit. We prove both global and local results that support the conjecture. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Mathematics.

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<p>Let $\mathbf{G}$ be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over an algebraic closure of the finite field of prime order $p>0$, which we assume to be good for $\mathbf{G}$. We denote by $F : \mathbf{G} \to \mathbf{G}$ a Frobenius endomorphism of $\mathbf{G}$ and by $G$ the corresponding $\mathbb{F}_q$-rational structure. If $\operatorname{Irr}(G)$ denotes the set of ordinary irreducible characters of $G$ then by work of Lusztig and Geck we have a well defined map $\Phi_{\mathbf{G}} : \operatorname{Irr}(G) \to \{F\text{-stable unipotent conjugacy classes of }\mathbf{G}\}$ where $\Phi_{\mathbf{G}}(\chi)$ is the unipotent support of $\chi$.</p> <p>Lusztig has given a classification of the irreducible characters of $G$ and obtained their degrees. In particular he has shown that for each $\chi \in \operatorname{Irr}(G)$ there exists an integer $n_{\chi}$ such that $n_{\chi}\cdot\chi(1)$ is a monic polynomial in $q$. Given a unipotent class $\mathcal{O}$ of $\mathbf{G}$ with representative $u \in \mathbf{G}$ we may define $A_{\mathbf{G}}(u)$ to be the finite quotient group $C_{\mathbf{G}}(u)/C_{\mathbf{G}}(u)^{\circ}$. If the centre $Z(\mathbf{G})$ is connected and $\mathbf{G}/Z(\mathbf{G})$ is simple then Lusztig and H\'zard have independently shown that for each $F$-stable unipotent class $\mathcal$ of $\mathbf$ there exists $\chi \in \operatorname(G)$ such that $\Phi_(\chi)=\mathcal$ and $n_ = |A_(u)|$, (in particular the map $\Phi_$ is surjective).</p> <p>The main result of this thesis extends this result to the case where $\mathbf$ is any simple algebraic group, (hence removing the assumption that $Z(\mathbf)$ is connected). In particular if $\mathbf$ is simple we show that for each $F$-stable unipotent class $\mathcal$ of $\mathbf$ there exists $\chi \in \operatorname(G)$ such that $\Phi_(\chi) = \mathcal$ and $n_ = |A_(u)^F|$ where $u \in \mathcal^F$ is a well-chosen representative. We then apply this result to prove, (for most simple groups), a conjecture of Kawanaka's on generalised Gelfand--Graev representations (GGGRs). Namely that the GGGRs of $G$ form a $\mathbf{Z}$-basis for the $\mathbf{Z}$-module of all unipotently supported class functions of $G$. Finally we obtain an expression for a certain fourth root of unity associated to GGGRs in the case where $\mathbf{G}$ is a symplectic or special orthogonal group.</p>

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-22T13:40:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tulio Marcio Gentil dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 1903129 bytes, checksum: 68678e5a2933f0e40216c1e1181aa7bc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-22T13:40:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tulio Marcio Gentil dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 1903129 bytes, checksum: 68678e5a2933f0e40216c1e1181aa7bc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T13:40:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Tulio Marcio Gentil dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 1903129 bytes, checksum: 68678e5a2933f0e40216c1e1181aa7bc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Let $F_d$ be the free group of rank $d$, freely generated by $\{y_1,...,y_d\}$, $\mathbb{D}F_d$ the group ring over an integral domain $\mathbb{D}$, $E_d$ subset of $F_d$ containing $\{y_1,...,y_d\}$, $p_s(x)=x^n+c_{s,n-1}x^{n-1}+...+c_{s,1}x+c_{s,0} \in \mathbb{D}[x]$ a monic polynomial and the quotient ring $$A(d,n,E_d)=\frac{\mathbb{D}F_d}{\langle p_s(s):s\in E_d \rangle_{ideal}}.$$ When $p_s(s)$ is cubic for all $s$, we construct a finite set $E_d$ such that $A(d,n,E_d)$ has finite rank over an extension of $\mathbb{D}$. In the case where all polynomials are equal to $(x-1)^3$ and $\mathbb{D}=\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{6}]$ we construct a finite subset $P_d$ of $F_d$ such that $A(d,3,P_d)$ has finite $\mathbb{D}$-rank and its augmentation ideal is nilponte. Furthermore $(x-1)^3$is satisfied by all elements in the image of $F_2$ in $A(2,3,P_2)$. / Sejam $F_d$ um grupo livre de posto $d$, livremente gerado por $\{y_1,...,y_d\}$, $\mathbb{D}F_d$ o anel de grupo sobre o domínio de integridade $\mathbb{D}$, $E_d$ subconjunto de $F_d$ contendo $\{y_1,...,y_d\}$, $p_s(x)=x^n+c_{s,n-1}x^{n-1}+...+c_{s,1}x+c_{s,0} \in \mathbb{D}[x]$ e o anel quociente $$A(d,n,E_d)=\frac{\mathbb{D}F_d}{\langle p_s(s):s\in E_d \rangle_{ideal}}.$$ Quando $p_s(s)$ é cúbico para todo $s$, construímos um conjunto finito $E_d$ tal que $A(d,n,E_d)$ tem posto finito sobre uma extensão de $\mathbb{D}$. No caso em que todos os polinômios são iguais a $(x-1)^3$ e $\mathbb{D}=\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{6}]$, construímos um subconjunto finito $P_d$ de $F_d$ tal que $A(d,3,P_d)$ tem $\mathbb{D}$-posto finito e seu ideal de aumento é nilpotente. Além disso $(x-1)^3$ é satisfeita por todos elementos na imagem de $F_2$ em $A(2,3,P_2)$.

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Soit G un groupe algébrique réductif connexe de centre connexe défini sur un corps fini de caractéristique p>0. On munit cette structure d'un endomorphisme de Frobenius F et l'on note G^F l'ensemble des points de G fixes pour l'action de F : G^F est un groupe fini. On suppose que la caractéristique p est bonne pour G.<br /><br />On définit alors une application Phi_G de l'ensemble des classes de conjugaison spéciales de G^* dans l'ensemble des classes unipotentes de G. Cette application décrit le support unipotent des différentes classes de faisceaux-caractères définis sur G.<br /><br />Parallèlement à cela, via la correspondance de Springer, on définit différents invariants, dont les d-invariants, pour les caractères d'un groupe de Weyl W. Nous avons étudié le lien entre l'induction de caractères spéciaux de certains sous groupes de W et les d-invariants. A l'aide de ceci, on démontre que Phi_G, restreinte à certaines classes spéciales particulières de G^* est surjective. On a montré que la stabilité vis-à-vis du Frobenius pouvait être introduite dans ce résultat.<br /><br />On en déduit deux résultats. Le premier est un lien étroit entre les restrictions aux éléments unipotents de faisceaux-caractères de certaines classes et différents systèmes locaux irréductibles et G-équivariants sur les classes unipotentes de G.<br /><br />Le second est une preuve d'une conjecture de Kawanaka sur les caractères de Gelfand-Graev généralisés de G : ils forment une base du Z-module des caractères virtuels de G^F à support unipotent.

Abstract in English / The research will analyze and compare the current research on the spectral factorization of non-singular and singular matrices. We show that a nonsingular non-scalar matrix A can be written as a product A = BC where the eigenvalues of B and C are arbitrarily prescribed subject to the condition that the product of the eigenvalues of B and C must be equal to the determinant of A. Further, B and C can be simultaneously triangularised as a lower and upper triangular matrix respectively. Singular matrices will be factorized in terms of nilpotent matrices and otherwise over an arbitrary or complex field in order to present an integrated and detailed report on the current state of research in this area. Applications related to unipotent, positive-definite, commutator, involutory and Hermitian factorization are studied for non-singular matrices, while applications related to positive-semidefinite matrices are investigated for singular matrices. We will consider the theorems found in Sourour [24] and Laffey [17] to show that a non-singular non-scalar matrix can be factorized spectrally. The same two articles will be used to show applications to unipotent, positive-definite and commutator factorization. Applications related to Hermitian factorization will be considered in [26]. Laffey [18] shows that a non-singular matrix A with det A = ±1 is a product of four involutions with certain conditions on the arbitrary field. To aid with this conclusion a thorough study is made of Hoffman [13], who shows that an invertible linear transformation T of a finite dimensional vector space over a field is a product of two involutions if and only if T is similar to T−1. Sourour shows in [24] that if A is an n × n matrix over an arbitrary field containing at least n + 2 elements and if det A = ±1, then A is the product of at most four involutions. We will review the work of Wu [29] and show that a singular matrix A of order n ≥ 2 over the complex field can be expressed as a product of two nilpotent matrices, where the rank of each of the factors is the same as A, except when A is a 2 × 2 nilpotent matrix of rank one. Nilpotent factorization of singular matrices over an arbitrary field will also be investigated. Laffey [17] shows that the result of Wu, which he established over the complex field, is also valid over an arbitrary field by making use of a special matrix factorization involving similarity to an LU factorization. His proof is based on an application of Fitting's Lemma to express, up to similarity, a singular matrix as a direct sum of a non-singular and nilpotent matrix, and then to write the non-singular component as a product of a lower and upper triangular matrix using a matrix factorization theorem of Sourour [24]. The main theorem by Sourour and Tang [26] will be investigated to highlight the necessary and sufficient conditions for a singular matrix to be written as a product of two matrices with prescribed eigenvalues. This result is used to prove applications related to positive-semidefinite matrices for singular matrices. / National Research Foundation of South Africa / Mathematical Sciences / M Sc. (Mathematics)