À medida que a inovação se torna um ponto fundamental para a agregação de valor das empresas, o seu gerenciamento torna-se uma ferramenta essencial para garantir a competitividade das organizações no mercado. Neste contexto, a cooperação universidade-empresa surge como uma alternativa externa às empresas para o desenvolvimento de suas aptidões inovadoras. Considerando a importância destas cooperações para o desenvolvimento econômico, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo o mapeamento das redes de relacionamentos a partir dos projetos de desenvolvimento tecnológico desenvolvidos entre as empresas multinacionais brasileiras, suas subsidiárias e universidades ou institutos de pesquisas, por meio das concessões de patentes, que abrangem os modelos de invenção, de modelo de utilidade, depositados em bancos nacional e internacional. O estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem descritiva, utilizando o método de levantamento de dados secundários dos bancos de pedidos de patentes nacional (Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial - INPI) e internacional (Escritório Europeu de Patentes - EPO). O universo da pesquisa abrange quatro empresas multinacionais brasileiras, do setor de extração ou de transformação de recursos naturais, que desenvolvem atividades de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em processos de cooperação tecnológica. As patentes concedidas para estas empresas foram analisadas com o intuito de se verificar quais destes documentos envolviam projetos de cooperação tecnológica; e a partir do uso da análise de redes sociais examinou-se e mapeou-se as estruturas das redes de relacionamentos, destas organizações com suas subsidiarias e universidades ou institutos de pesquisa. Esta pesquisa demonstra o processo de cooperação tecnológica no Brasil e sua dinâmica, enfatizando a importância do envolvimento em redes de cooperação para o fortalecimento da inovação tecnológica nas organizações. / As innovation becomes a fundamental issue to aggregate value to companies, its management is an essential tool to guarantee market competitiveness among organizations. In this context, university-industry collaboration appears as an external alternative for companies to develop their innovation aptitudes. Considering the importance of these collaborations for economic growth, the present research aims at mapping relationships networks among Brazilian multinational companies, their subsidiaries and research institutes or universities through patent concessions, registered in national and international databases. This is a descriptive qualitative study based on secondary data methodology research from national and international patent databases (INPI National Institute for Industrial Property and EPO European Patent Office). The research includes four Brazilian multinational companies from the natural resource extraction and transformation industry involved in research and development collaboration with other organizations. Their patents have been analyzed in order to verify which documents are involved in technology cooperation projects; thereafter, the social network analysis has been used to study relationship structures and map their collaboration networks. This research demonstrates the collaboration process and its dynamics in Brazil and shows the importance of being involved in collaboration networks that will strengthen technological innovation in organizations.

Orientador: Wilson Suzigan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T11:15:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_ConceicaodeFatima_D.pdf: 4327165 bytes, checksum: eeb5a0efec019d0c1f36e2d755223b5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A Indústria de Metalurgia Básica - IMB (Produção de ferro-gusa e ferro liga, Siderurgia,Produção de tubos de aço exceto tubos sem costura, Metalurgia de metais não ferrosos e Fundição) brasileira é internacionalmente competitiva e detém a posição de segundo maior exportador da indústria de transformação nacional. Ao mesmo tempo, apesar de ser uma indústria de baixa densidade tecnológica, destaca-se como uma indústria de elevada interatividade com a infraestrutura científica e tecnológica, segundo dados do Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa do CNPq. Segundo os dados da PINTEC, no entanto, a IMB é uma das indústrias de mais baixa inovatividade da economia nacional, o que é incompatível com o seu desempenho econômico e competitividade internacional. Tendo em vista estas considerações, o presente trabalho tem como tema a conduta inovativa da IMB e foi norteado por três problemas interdependentes de pesquisa, quais sejam, investigar as motivações para a elevada interatividade desta indústria com a infraestrutura científica e tecnológica, avaliar as razões pelas quais as suas elevadas interatividade e competitividade não resultam em um perfil inovativo positivamente diferenciado na PINTEC e, finalmente, identificar as demandas e características dos seus relacionamentos com pesquisadores da área de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais. Para tanto, foram utilizados os referenciais teóricos da Escola Evolucionária Neo-Schumpeteriana e as metodologias de análise de cluster, análise comparada e entrevistas estruturadas. Os resultados mostram uma indústria de elevado esforço inovativo, alto desempenho inovador e elemento central de um Sistema Setorial de Inovação longevo, atuante e robusto. Adicionalmente, foi identificada a inadequação da definição do perfil setorial a partir do número de empresas em atuação pois, em um setor em que é grande o número de empresas, mas é elevada a concentração econômica, o conjunto de empresas que define o perfil setorial é restrito e é este que deve ser considerado na avaliação do comportamento setorial. A conduta inovativa da IMB, bem como as idiossincrasias das indústrias de baixa densidade tecnológica e elevada concentração econômica sugerem a necessidade de, dada a relevância econômica destes setores, aprofundar os estudos e definir políticas públicas específicas para essas indústrias / Abstract: The Brazilian Basic Metals Industry - BMI (Production of pig iron and ferro-alloy, Stell, Production of steel tubes except seamless tubes, Non-ferrous Metallurgy and Foundry) is internationally competitive and is the second largest exporter of the industry of national transformation. At the same time, despite being a low-density technology industry stands out as an industry of high interactivity with the scientific and technological infrastructure according to the CNPq Directory of Research Group. According to the PINTEC data, however, IBM is one of the lowest innovativeness industry of the national economy, which is incompatible with its economic performance and international competitiveness. With these considerations, this work has as its theme the IBM innovative conduct and it was guided by three interrelated research problems, which are to investigate the reasons for the high interactivity of this industry with the scientific and technological infrastructure, to assess the reasons why their high interactivity and competitiveness do not result in a positively different innovative profile in PINTEC and finally, to identify the demands and characteristics of their relationships with researchers from the Metallurgy and Materials Engineering area. For this, it was used the theoretical references from the Neo-Schumpeterian Evolutionary School and the methodologies for cluster analysis, comparative analysis and structured interviews. The results show a high innovative effort industry, high performance and central element of a long-life, active and robust Sector Innovation System. In addition, it was identified the inadequacy of the definition of the sector profile from the number of companies in operation because, in a sector where the number of companies is large but the economic concentration is high, the group of companies that define the sector profile is limited and this is the one that must be considered in assessing the sector behavior. The innovative conduct of IBM as well as the idiosyncrasies of low technological density and high economic concentration industries suggest the need, given the economic importance of these sectors, for further studies and define specific public policies for these industries / Doutorado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

In today’s knowledge economy hardly any organisation can address its dynamic nature and competitive advantage as a single organisations. More than ever, organisational survival and growth depends on continuous learning and cooperation. This research examines value creation in relationships between higher education institutions and private business organisations. Integrating literature streams on relation-ship marketing, stakeholder theory and university-industry relationships, the re-search aims to identify key drivers of stakeholder value creation, to better under-stand the interrelationships between the stakeholder values generated and determine which stakeholder values driver relationship outcomes. Overall, this research integrates the stakeholder and relationship perspective (multi-level research) and intents to contribute to further opening up the “black box” of value creation in university-industry relationships by putting stakeholder and relationship value at the centre of the study. Based on a literature review and the integration of the three main literature streams, a conceptual model was developed, forming the basis for an exploratory pre-study aiming to develop a more in-depth understanding of the phenomena. Con-ducting interviews among academics and technology transfer officers, the model was refined before the main, explanatory research step, implemented through a web-based questionnaire among England-based academics, was carried out to test the conceptual model. The model is comprised with three main elements. First, relationship characteristics (common understanding of expectations, commonness of expectations and commitment) drive the value creation for different stakeholders. Second, the value developed for six main stakeholders (the surveyed academic, the academic team, the university, the business partners, students, and society) impacts the academic’s perception of the overall relationship value. Lastly, the overall relationship value, as perceived by the academic positively affects further relationship outcomes (relationship satisfaction, word-of-mouth, intention to renew the relationship, intention to expand UIR activities beyond the current relationship(s)). Using structural equation modelling, the model was analysed and refined based on 903 responses of a self-administered questionnaire. The results show that commitment as well as the common understanding as well as the commonness of expectations are key elements driving stakeholder value creation, consistent with literature. With respect to the interrelationships between the realised and expected values generated for different stakeholders, the university emerged as a central actor in the relationship, positively impacting all other stake-holder values. In addition, all other stakeholder values positively society value with the value generated for the surveyed academic and for the business partner also affecting the value generated for the academic team. The results highlight that the academic’s perception of the overall relationship value is significantly and positively influenced by the value generated for the academic itself, the academic team, the university and society. Value generated for students, as a main target group of universities, as well as value generated for the business partners, as the main stake-holder in the relationship, however, were not confirmed to impact the overall relationship value, as perceived by the academic. In addition to the structural model as presented above, four different models have been developed to examine which stakeholder values drive the four addition relationship outcomes, namely relationship satisfaction, word-of-mouth, intention to renew, and intention to expand. The results show that the outcomes are driven by different sets of stakeholder value with student value driving all outcomes, business value not impacting any outcome and the impact of the others depending on the outcome under study.

EHTB project is a university-industry collaboration program at Linnaeus University.The program aims at offering advanced knowledge and technology about woodconstruction that meet the needs of the labor market. All the courses are permitted toengineering students and employees who engage in the industry with sufficient workingexperience, however, there is a high rate of dropout in the project.People, most of whom were full-time working and having a family, applied to thecourses in the project since it started. Some of them gave up their offer mostly becausethey chose another alternative. For those who registered, the withdrawn during studyoccurred again mainly due to time issue caused by their heavy work burden or thedistracted family situation.The students who participated in the EHTB project usually had a high commitment tothe education. Distance students usually have fewer communication with the institutioncompared to other campus-based learners. The author suggests that the university couldestablish an information and consulting system for a more frequent information delivery.It would be better if the associating companies encourage their staff to take the studyand create the learning atmosphere for the students. Moreover, the students within theproject are the resources to various company, there is no harm for both the universityand the companies to communicate more with the students for more future cooperationand development.At the end, the author points out that the distance education mode of EHTB project didnot fully utilize the potential of the flexibility. Some face-to-face meetings deepened thetime limitation and the inconvenience for transportation. More distance operationtechnology should be implemented to increase the flexibility for students.

Background: Collaborations between universities and industries are common to foster innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises. Participants of these collaborations face several challenges related to these collaborations. Universities and Industries work in different environments and value different priorities. Current literature shows that the challenges due to the organisational differences in these collaborations lead to the most significant challenges. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore and analyse how participants of UI collaborations perceive and manage organisational differences between universities and industries when the industry participant is a SME and the academic are students. We also aspire to discover and outline some specific characteristics of the organisational differences appearing in student-SME collaborations. Method: To fulfil the purpose, a qualitative study was conducted. The empirical data was collected in ten semi-structured interviews. Two projects of two master programmes at Jönköping University and experienced facilitators of university-industry collaborations were interviewed. The focus of the interviews was to get to know the participants' experience related to the organisational differences. Conclusion: The study's findings show how organisational differences in student-SME collaborations are perceived differently than in generic UI collaborations. Three elements were found as the main aspects influencing the perception of the organisational differences in student-SME projects: individual factors, perspective and collaborative factors. Finally, the findings show a positive contribution towards innovation in the SME participating in these projects.

Open innovation that Henry Chesbrough introduced in 2003 promotes the usage of the input of outsiders to strengthen internal innovation processes and the search for outside commercialization opportunities for what is developed internally. Open innovation has enabled both academics and practitioners to design innovation strategies based on the reality of our connected world. Although the literature has identified and explored a variety of benefits and costs, to the best of our knowledge, no study has reviewed the benefits and costs of open innovation in terms of their importance for strategic performance. To conduct such a study, we need to take into account two main issues. First, the number of benefits and costs of open innovation are multifold; so, to have a comprehensive comparison, a large number of benefits and costs must be compared. Second, to have a fair comparison, benefits and costs must be compared in terms of different performance criteria, including financial and non-financial. Concerning the issues above, we will face a complex process of exploring benefits and costs. In this regard, we use multiple criterion decision-making (MCDM) methods that have shown promising solutions to complex exploratory problems. In particular, we present how using a stochastic multi-criteria clustering algorithm that is one of the recently introduced MCDM methods can bring promising results when it comes to exploring the strategic importance of benefits and costs of open innovation. Since there is no comprehensive understanding of the nature of the benefits and costs of open innovation, the proposed model aims to cluster them into hierarchical groups to help researchers identify the most crucial benefits and costs concerning different dimensions of performance. In addition, the model is able to deal with uncertainties related to technical parameters such as criteria weights and preference thresholds. We apply the model in the context of open innovation for universities concerning their research collaboration with industries. An online survey was conducted to collect experts' opinions on the open-innovation benefits and costs of university-industry research collaboration, given different performance dimensions. The results obtained through the cluster analysis specify that university researchers collaborate with industry mainly because of knowledge-related and research-related reasons rather than economic reasons. This research also indicates that the most important benefits of university-industry research collaboration for universities are implementing the learnings, increased know-how, accessing specialized infrastructures, accessing a greater idea and knowledge base, sensing and seizing new technological trends, and keeping the employees engaged. In addition, the results show that the most important costs are the lack of necessary resources to monitor activities between university and industry, an increased resistance to change among employees, conflict of interest (different missions), an increased employees' tendency to avoid using the knowledge that they do not create themselves, paying time costs associated with bureaucracy rules, and loss of focus. The research's findings enable researchers to analyze open innovation's related issues for universities more effectively and define their research projects on these issues in line with the priorities of universities.

Collaborations to produce innovative models that link postsecondary education to workforce development initiatives have increased as multiple stakeholders respond to the call to develop a diverse, well-prepared STEM workforce. University and industry stakeholders in engineering agree that collaborating to share expertise and implement programs that aim to support the school-to-workforce transition for engineering graduates is critical. However, in light of existing efforts, a more nuanced view of university-industry partnerships from the student participant perspective is needed to provide data to engineering educators and professionals to support effective partnership design and use of resources. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to understand how experiences in the Co-op Development Program (CDP) influence student participants’ subsequent career decision-making with respect to pursuing engineering industry positions. Guided by Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), this study examined the role that cooperative education experiences have on how students view and act on the potential employment opportunities that university and industry partners anticipate. Semi-structured interviews with eight former CDP participants, employed in industry at the time of the study, served as the primary data source. Additionally, program related documents, a profile questionnaire, and a conference proceeding were utilized to provide in-depth context of the CDP. Results indicate that all participants voiced a desire to work in the aerospace industry to explore short-term interests or to accomplish longer-term career entry goals. Furthermore, participants most frequently discussed experiences that required them to employ a sense of selfagency to complete work tasks (e.g., guiding themselves through uncertainty, observations of the environments, and interactions with engineering professionals) as learning experiences. Finally, participants primarily connected their learning experiences to their beliefs about what work looks like as a full-time engineer, their abilities to perform in an engineering role, and perceptions of fit across different engineering roles and workplaces. Major contributions of this study include extending the analytic generalizability of Social Cognitive Career Theory, creating operationalized definitions of learning experiences, and linking those experiences to students’ beliefs of the engineering industry pathway / Ph. D. / Persistent calls to the field of engineering education to help develop diverse, well-prepared engineers for the STEM workforce have fostered collaborations across university and industry stakeholders. As stakeholders focus efforts on supporting student persistence at several critical junctures, there has been a renewed interest in supporting the school-to-workforce transition for engineering graduates. With calls to develop a more tech-savvy workforce, innovative approaches to supporting and preparing students to enter the workforce have become even more necessary; thus it is important to understand how university- industry partnerships generate experiences that contribute to students' eventual workforce entry. The structure of the Co-op Development Program and the perspective of eight former CDP participants addressed how learning experiences shaped the career decisions of engineering participants immediately following graduation. A qualitative single case study approach was used and Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) guided the study. Major contributions of this study include extending the analytic generalizability of Social Cognitive Career Theory, creating operationalized definitions of learning experiences embedded within that framework, and linking those experiences to how students’ beliefs were shaped on their pathway to an early career within engineering industry. The themes identified in this study can help CDP managers and university stakeholders better support co-op participants and potentially allocate resources that will serve as the basis for future co-op design recommendations. Stakeholders may also use findings to promote the role of university and industry partnerships in supporting the student workforce transition. Future researchers may extend the study design across multiple cases and leverage recommendations for qualitative and quantitative investigations to address some of the limitations embedded within this research design and further contribute to the discussion of preparing students for professional work environments through university-industry partnerships. Ultimately, findings of this study give voice to the student partner in university-industry partnerships as themes identified in this study help CDP managers and university stakeholders to establish interventions and serve as the basis for future co-op design recommendations.

Yes / Firms with the assets complementary to Artificial Intelligence (AI) have actively conducted AI research and selectively published their results since AI has resurged around 2006. Focusing on the recent AI development, we investigate how and to what extent firms’ deep engagement in the publication of emerging science-related technology can influence the evolution of published knowledge. Using bibliometric analyses applied to the papers in major AI conferences and journals, we find that papers with at least one author affiliated to a firm, and particularly papers with only firm-affiliated author(s), have had higher influence on the formation of published knowledge trajectory than other papers. In addition, papers from firm and non-firm (university and public research institution) collaborations show higher novelty and conventionality than other papers. These findings deepen our understanding of the role of firms in the evolution of emerging science-related technology. / This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (2020R1A2C2005026).

O objetivo desta tese é a proposição de uma classificação para organizar a perspectiva multidimensional da proximidade. Essa classificação organiza formas para medição, representação e análise das múltiplas dimensões da proximidade. Isto dado que ainda não foram utilizados indicadores suficientemente satisfatórios para medir as várias dimensões da proximidade e que a forma como as medidas são definidas podem influenciar os resultados inferênciais obtidos nos modelos estatísticos. Este estudo levantou as definições conceituais para a proximidade e as suas principais formas empíricas de medição e propõe uma organização que possibilita a escolha entre as diferentes possibilidades de indicadores e de outras técnicas para interpretação e análise dessas medidas. Com isso foi realizada uma aplicação com dados da interação Universidade-Empresa no Brasil. A análise avaliou tanto os limites do ganho com a proximidade quanto os mecanismos de complementariedade e de substituição entre as dimensões geográfica e cognitiva. O foco na proximidade cognitiva favoreceu a comparação entre diferentes formas para a sua medição. Comparação realizada na perspectiva geométrica com uso de Escalonamento Multidimensional (EMD) e Análise de Correspondência (AC). Os resultados mostram a importância que precisa ser dada na forma como as medidas são definidas e representadas já que as interpretações dos resultados inferênciais nos modelos estatísticos estão diretamente relacionadas com esse passo inicial. As contribuições com esse estudo são de natureza metodológica, porém de caráter prático para guiar estudos futuros a partir das técnicas organizadas. Dentro desse escopo, a tese visa que outras técnicas, ainda pouco exploradas se apresentem como alternativas de uso para a ampliação da literatura da área. Por fim, a própria classificação pode ser adaptada para incluir outras técnicas analíticas que incorporem dados não espaciais ou que lidam com dados de não proximidade. / The aim of this thesis is the proposition of a classification to organize the multidimensional perspective of proximity. This classification organizes forms for measurement, representation and analysis of the multiple dimensions of proximity. This is because satisfactory indicators have not yet been used to measure the proximity and that the way in which the measures are defined can influence the inferential results obtained in the statistical models. This study raised the conceptual definitions for proximity and its main empirical forms of measurement and proposes an organization that allows the choice between the different possibilities of indicators and other techniques for interpretation and analysis of these measures. Hence, an application with data of the University-Industry interaction in Brazil was performed. The analysis evaluated both the limits of the gain with proximity and the mechanisms of complementarity and substitution between the geographic and cognitive dimensions. The focus on cognitive proximity favoured the comparison between different ways of measuring it. Comparison carried out in the geometric perspective using Multidimensional Scaling and Correspondence Analysis. The results show the importance that must be given in the way the measures are defined and represented since the interpretations of the inferential results in the statistical models are directly related to this initial step. The contributions with this study are of a methodological nature, but of a practical nature to guide future studies from the techniques organized. Within this scope, the thesis aims that other techniques, still little explored are presented as alternatives of use for the broaden of the literature of the area. Finally, the classification itself can be adapted to include other analytical techniques that incorporate non-spatial data or that deal with non-proximity data.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:39:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A relação Universidade-Empresa é um tema em constante debate na esfera nacional, sendo que vários estudos buscam avaliar esta relação sob diversos ângulos e focos de pesquisa. O referencial teórico sobre o tema apresenta uma carência de estudos com foco na empresa. Com base nesta premissa este estudo investigou a relação Universidade-Empresa no setor de T.I. do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul com o objetivo de avaliar como é o relacionamento das empresas com as universidades. A metodologia adotada compreendeu uma etapa qualitativa através do estudo de caso de uma empresa que coopera com universidades e uma empresa que não estabelece este tipo de relacionamento, e uma etapa quantitativa através do método de corte transversal onde 195 empresas constituíram a amostra da pesquisa. A análise dos dados verificou que as empresas buscam estabelecer projetos em parcerias com universidades com o objetivo principal de desenvolver capacidades para competir sendo que o retorno intelectual e a aprendizagem dos recursos humanos / The University-Industry relationship is a subject of constant debate in the national sphere. Many studies seek evaluate this relationship in various ways and focus of research. The theoretical reference on the subject shows a lack of studies with a focus on the company. Based on this premise this study investigated the University-Industry relationship in the I.T. sector of the State of Rio Grande do Sul with the objective that evaluate how is the relationship Between companies and universities. The methodology used a two-step method. The firt – exploratory – adopted a qualitative approach, through case study of a company that cooperates with universities and a company that does not establish this kind of relationship. The second one – descriptive – adopted a quantitative approach, based on data collected in a survey where 195 companies formed the sample of search. The data’s analysis found that companies seek to establish projects in partnerships with universities with the main objective of developing capabil