Experiences with computer systems indicate an inconvenient truth: computers fail and they fail in interesting ways. Although using redundancy to protect against fail-stop failures is common practice, non-fail-stop computer and network failures occur for a variety of reasons including power outage, disk or memory corruption, NIC malfunction, user error, operating system and application bugs or misconfiguration, and many others. The impact of these failures can be dramatic, ranging from service unavailability to stranding airplane passengers on the runway to companies closing. While high-stakes embedded systems have embraced Byzantine fault tolerant techniques, general purpose computing continues to rely on techniques that are fundamentally crash tolerant. In a general purpose environment, the current best practices response to non-fail-stop failures can charitably be described as pragmatic: identify a root cause and add checksums to prevent that error from happening again in the future. Pragmatic responses have proven effective for patching holes and protecting against faults once they have occurred; unfortunately the initial damage has already been done, and it is difficult to say if the patches made to address previous faults will protect against future failures. We posit that an end-to-end solution based on Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) state machine replication is an efficient and deployable alternative to current ad hoc approaches favored in general purpose computing. The replicated state machine approach ensures that multiple copies of the same deterministic application execute requests in the same order and provides end-to-end assurance that independent transient failures will not lead to unavailability or incorrect responses. An efficient and effective end-to-end solution covers faults that have already been observed as well as failures that have not yet occurred, and it provides structural confidence that developers won't have to track down yet another failure caused by some unpredicted memory, disk, or network behavior. While the promise of end-to-end failure protection is intriguing, significant technical and practical challenges currently prevent adoption in general purpose computing environments. On the technical side, it is important that end-to-end solutions maintain the performance characteristics of deployed systems: if end-to-end solutions dramatically increase computing requirements, dramatically reduce throughput, or dramatically increase latency during normal operation then end-to-end techniques are a non-starter. On the practical side, it is important that end-to-end approaches be both comprehensible and easy to incorporate: if the cost of end-to-end solutions is rewriting an application or trusting intricate and arcane protocols, then end-to-end solutions will not be adopted. In this thesis we show that BFT state machine replication can and be used in deployed systems. Reaching this goal requires us to address both the technical and practical challenges previously mentioned. We revisiting disparate research results from the last decade and tweak, refine, and revise the core ideas to fit together into a coherent whole. Addressing the practical concerns requires us to simplify the process of incorporating BFT techniques into legacy applications. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lamartine Gaspar de Oliveira.pdf: 809651 bytes, checksum: 6509831200fea34ab31634483bd4e36c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-15 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This research wants to study the intolerance, the ethics and the upright in the middle of the fundamentalism north-American in the centuries XVII to XIX, considering that the American society is based in religion liberty and although this the independence was proclaimed at the same reason, the idea of iluminism philosophy and basic the ideas of Juan Calvin, that the intolerance is the center of all the things when the disrespect is the point. They live far from the concept of upright. Because the relation between and upright begin in the experience of living in community in the relation of love and justice between brothers and the American nation know that because they suffered religion press in England and run away and settle a new life. Due to that we may say that the most dangerous intolerance is the one that in the back of doctrine and because of that it is difficult to be identified and repressed with the rational arguments. We should see and analyze the human beings with upright in order not to analyze then as objects or may be devils. In conclusion we may say that the good hermeneutic is a path to the final results even though the path is dangerous and difficult it worth s walking through it the fundamentalist, for example have the tendency to make history all the things that can not be history. Because of all this they are fundamentalists. One of the lessons of the hermeneutic of Paul Ricouer is respect the balance of what's written and of what's spoken. / Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de estudar a Intolerância, a ética e a alteridade na matriz do fundamentalismo norte-americano entre os séculos XVII e XIX. Considerando que muito embora a sociedade americana tivesse a sua gênese pautada na liberdade religiosa e, ainda por conta disso, a independência fora proclamada também sob a mesma intencionalidade, àquela dos filósofos iluministas, no discorrer de sua historiografia o que se viu, principalmente em seu aspecto teológico baseado no pensamento de João Calvino, foi fazer prevalecer a intolerância. Assim, não respeitando o Outro, viveram muito longe do que se entende por alteridade. Porque a relação da ética com a alteridade é exatamente a afirmação da vida que brota da experiência de viver em comunidade, a relação de amor e de justiça entre irmãos. A nação americana sabia disso muito bem, pois eram oriundos de uma perseguição religiosa dentro da Inglaterra e fugiam para começar, ou melhor, recomeçar uma nova vida. Como eles definiram muito bem no Ato de Tolerância de Maryland, em abril de 1649, que diz: Que nenhuma pessoa ou grupo de pessoas seja quem for nos limites desta Província, ou das Ilhas, Portos, Embarcadouros, Hospedarias, ou Enseadas a ela pertencentes, que professam a crença de Jesus Cristo, devam de agora em diante ser perturbadas de qualquer modo, criticadas ou molestadas por ou em respeito de sua ou suas religiões, nem quanto ao livre exercício de culto dentro desta Província ou nas Ilhas a ela adjuntas, e nem poderão ser constrangidas de algum modo à crença ou prática de qualquer outra Religião , embora não tenham procedido assim. Por conta disso, entende-se que a intolerância mais perigosa é sempre aquela que, na ausência de qualquer doutrina, nasce dos impulsos elementares, de modo que, é difícil identificá-la e combatê-la com a ajuda de argumentos racionais. Sendo assim, evoca-se a alteridade para poder convocar a noção de identidade tanto quanto a de pluralidade e não enxergar mais o Outro como uma coisa, um objeto, ou talvez como o DEMÔNIO. Por fim, entender que a boa hermenêutica é um tópico relevante para o resultado final ao qual se quer chegar, mesmo reconhecendo que a interpretação é e sempre será uma coisa espinhosa, mas pela qual valerá a pena ponderar. Os fundamentalistas, por exemplo, têm sempre a tendência de historicizar o que não tem pretensão de historicidade. Daí o fato de serem denominados fundamentalistas. Uma das lições da hermenêutica textual de Paul Ricouer é respeitar melhor o equilíbrio entre a palavra e a escritura.

This diploma thesis deals with design of axle carrier for Formula Student. The axle carrier is topologically optimized and additively manufactured with Selective Laser Melting technology. Material for its production is aluminium alloy AlSi10Mg, which has worse mechanical properties than commonly used high-strength alloys. Therefore the aim was, by using topology optimization, to design a component, which would have comparable properties with milled component. The stress strain analysis was carried out by the finite element method and maximum deformation and safety coef-ficients were acquired. The prototype was made and its dimensions were controlled by optical digitization, which proved accuracy of manufacturing. The strength calcu-lations were verified by special testing device and photogrammetry measurement. The load during the tests was 20 % higher than in the analysis and no limit state was observed. This verified its safety and functionality.

Master’s thesis is focused on a design of front uprights for Dragon 8 racing car of TU Brno Racing Formula Student team. This thesis follows up the bachelor’s thesis called “Race Car Front Wheel Carrier Design”. Discussion about team’s recent upright and component designs is followed by a model creation with use of topology optimization. Final geometry is simulated in FEA software. Design of the upright is then compared to the previous designs and also to its substitute produced with milling machining process.

This master´s thesis deals with design modification of specific upright in response to exchange the caliper for non-series one. It focuses on the creation and subsequent adjustment of the 3D model based on obtained size and shape of real upright by using 3D scan. For the editing part is conducted the strength test by using FEM and the results are compared with the values of the original upright.

Studien undersöker hur kontrabaspedagoger på högskolenivå jobbar med undervisning i improvisation och vilka implikationer det kan få när undervisningen sker i en akademisk miljö. Förhoppningen var att studien, genom kvalitativa intervjuer med framstående jazzbasister, som även jobbar som kontrabaspedagoger, skulle ta fram en samling idéer för undervisning av improvisation som kan användas på jazzutbildningar och som kan vara till användning för framtida undervisning i improvisation på kontrabas. Med hjälp av begrepp från vedertagna läroteorier från främst sociokulturell tradition analyseras resultat för att försöka besvara forskningsfrågorna. Resultatet visar att ett bra gehör och god teknik är de två viktigaste idealen för den improviserande basisten och att kontrabaspedagoger lär ut verktyg för improvisation till sina studenter. Vidare visade resultatet att den stora fördelen med att jobba med jazzundervisning i en akademisk miljö är att den är, för studenter, en mötesplats för likasinnade. / This study asks the question how upright bass teachers work with teaching improvisation on the university level and what implications the academic environment could have for the students. The aim for this study was, through qualitative interviews with renowned bassists, to gather some ideas on teaching improvisation that can be used for future teachings of improvisation on the upright bass. With the use of terms from theories of learning, the results were analyzed to answer the research questions. The results show that a good ear and technique are the most important ideals among improvising bass players, and furthermore teachers of jazz bass improvisation saw it as their role to teach tools for improvisation to the students. Finally, the results show that the big advantage of learning jazz in the academic environment is that the student gets to meet peers with the same interests as they have.

Master’s thesis focused on design and construction of front uprights for Formula Student racing car. Topology optimization and FEM analysis will be used to design the uprights with higher stiffness and minimal weight difference compared to the last model. In the FEM analysis loads will be applied from wheel side and from suspension side. Design of the upright then will be compared to the previous designs especially to safety factor, weight and cost.

This thesis deals with the design of the front wheel hub and upright of Formula student car. First component is a short search on Formula Student event and comparing diverse structures of upright for use in both racing and road cars. It also includes design of hub and upright in the CAD program and computational model of the upright created in FEM program specifically for stress analysis in selected conditions. It also includes optimization of the overall proposal.

This diploma thesis deals with construction concept of rear upright for a car of the Formula Student category. Further it looks into the details of overall order of the entire rear-wheel carrier. The concept is designed in the CAD Pro-engineer system. The calculation model is created and the tension analysis is performed by MKP method in the Ansys Workbench system.

The thesis consists of rear wheel suspension design for light Formula Student racing car, especially design of upright, wheel hub and other parts of the assembly. Design was done in CAD software PTC Creo 2.0. Thesis also mentions calculation of critical wheel loads, wheel bearing life calculation and wheel loads during the race as well as stress analysis in Ansys Workbench and fatigue life analysis.